Ions Cations and Anions

Ions

• An atom that carries an electrical charge is called an ion If the atom loses electrons, the atom becomes positively charged (because the number of positively charged protons will be more the number of electrons)

Ions Continued

• The number of protons does not change in an ion The number of neutrons does not change in an ions So, both the atomic number and the atomic mass remain the same.

Think about it

• An atom has lost an electron. Now it has one more proton than electron.

• One more proton means one more positive charge.

• This makes the total charge of the atom POSITIVE

Think about it

• An atom has gained an electron. Now it has one less proton than electron.

• One less proton means one less positive charge.

• This makes the total charge of the atom NEGATIVE.

Cations and anions

• Remember that atoms are electrically neutral, if an atom gains or loses electrons then it becomes charged

Cation• Is an atom that loses

electrons and becomes positively charged

Anion• Is an atom that gains electrons and becomes negatively charged

Ionic Bonding

An Ionic Bond is a chemical bond resulting from the TRANSFER of electrons from one bonding atom to another

Covalent Bonding

• A covalent bond is a chemical bond resulting from SHARING of electrons between 2 bonding atoms.

Sodium chloride Compound

Example of Ionic Bonding

Example of Covalent Bonding

Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.

Oxygen Molecule (OOxygen Molecule (O22))