opticki kablovi i sdh linkovi

7/25/2019 Opticki Kablovi i SDH Linkovi

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OptiOptiki kablovi i SDH linkoviki kablovi i SDH linkovi

Mr Nenad KrajnoviKatedra za telekomunikacije

E-mail: [email protected]


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Krajko 2

Tipovi optiTipovi optikih vlakanakih vlakana

Monomodni (single mode SMF)

Standardni (SMF) G.652 Dispersion Shifted Single Mode Fibre G.653

Cut-off Shifted SMF G.654

Non-zero Dispersion Shifted SMF G.655 Non-zero Dispersion for wideband transport

G.656

Multimodni (multi mode MM) 50/125 m multimode graded index fibre

G.651.1


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Krajko 3

SMFSMF --

tipovitipovi


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Krajko 4

Karakteristike SMFKarakteristike SMF

G.652G.652

Optimizovan za rad u II optikom prozoru

na 1310 nm Na 1310 nm ima disperziju nula

Moe da se koristi i u III optikomprozoru na 1550 nm gde je disperzijavea od nule

Koristi se za digitalne i analogne sistemeprenosa


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Krajko 5

G.652G.652

U okviru standarda postoje 4 podvrste

optikih vlakana: G.652.A prilagoen za sisteme do

STM-16, 10Gb/s Ethernet do 40 km G.652.B prilagoen za sisteme do

STM-64 G.652.C isto kao G.652.A u proirenom

opsegu od 1360nm do 1530nm G.652.D isto kao G.652.B u proirenom

opsegu od 1360nm do 1530nm


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Krajko 6

G.652.AG.652.A


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Krajko 7

G.652.BG.652.B


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Krajko 8

G.652.CG.652.C


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Krajko 9

G.652.DG.652.D


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Krajko 10

Karakteristike za proraKarakteristike za prorauneune


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Krajko 11

ta je raspolota je raspoloivo na trivo na triitu?tu?

G.652standard

CorningSMF-

28e XB

CorningSMF-

ULL

DrakaSSMF

G.652.B

DrakaESMF

G.652.D

Slabljenje na1310 nm [dB/km]

0,5 0,33

0,35

0,35

0,40

0,33

0,35

0,33

0,35Slabljenje na1550 nm

[dB/km]0,275 0,19

0,200,17

0,180,19

0,220,19

0,21

Hromatskadisperzija

na

1550 nm[ps/(nm*km)]

17 18 18 18 18


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Krajko 12

Radna temperaturaRadna temperatura

Bitan parametar koji definie u kojoj

sredini moe da se instalira kabl Corning SMF-28e XB ima radni opseg

od -60

o

C do +85

o

CAko se ukopava u zemlju onda ovaj

parametar nije kritian

Kritian za OPGW, trase uz toplovode islino


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Krajko 13

Koje vrednosti koristiti zaKoje vrednosti koristiti za

proraprora

une?une? Vrednosti iz standarda su pesimistike

Obezbeuju veliku rezervu u optikojsnazi U zavisnosti od duine linka mogu

nepotrebno da zahtevaju snanijeureaje

Mogu da dovedu do zasienja prijemnikaako je stvarno slabljenje mnogo manjeod izraunatog


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Krajko 14

G.653G.653

Vlakno ija je nulta disperzija postavljena

na 1550nm Smiljeno u vreme kada se smatralo da

e glavni opti

ki sistemi raditi sa jednomtalasnom duinom i to 1550nm

Danas naputeni zbog loihkarakteristika sa WDM sistemima


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Krajko 15

G.653G.653 --

standardstandard


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Krajko 16

G.654G.654

Ima nultu disperziju na 1300 nm

Optimizovan za rad u opsegu 1530 nmdo 1625 nm

Ima cut-off talasnu duinu na 1550nm Radi samo u III optikom prozoru


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Krajko 17

G.654G.654 --

karakteristikekarakteristike


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Krajko 18

G.655G.655

Vlakno optimizovano za DWDM sisteme

Inicijalno predvien za rad u opsegu od1530 nm do 1565 nm

Poslednja verzija preporuke definieradni opseg od 1460 nm do 1625 nm

Postoji vie podvrsta (A, B, C, D, E)


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Krajko 19

G.655.AG.655.A


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Krajko 20

G.655.BG.655.B


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Krajko 21

G.655.CG.655.C


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Krajko 22

G.655.DG.655.D


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Krajko 23

G.655.EG.655.E


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Krajko 24

G.655G.655

karakteristike za prorakarakteristike za prorauneune


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Krajko 25

Hromatska disperzijaHromatska disperzija

za tip Dza tip D


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Krajko 26


za tip Eza tip E


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Krajko 27

Komercijalno raspoloKomercijalno raspoloivi kabloviivi kablovi

Corning LEAF Large Effective Area

Fibre Draka TeraLight Ultra

...


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Krajko 28

Corning LEAFCorning LEAF


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Krajko 29

Corning LEAFCorning LEAF


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Krajko 30

Draka TeraLight UltraDraka TeraLight Ultra


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Krajko 31

ta je raspolota je raspoloivo na trivo na triitu?tu?

Standard G.655 Corning LEAF Draka

TeraLight

Ultra

Slabljenje na1550 nm[dB/km]

0,275 0,22 0,22

Slabljenje

na

1625 nm[dB/km]

0,35 0,24 0,25

CD na

1550 nm[ps/(nm*km)]

6,0 do 9,0 2,0 do 6,0 5,5 do 10

CD na

1625 nm[ps/(nm*km)]

9,0 do 13,0 4,5 do 11,2 7,5 do 13,4


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Krajko 32

G.656G.656

Predvien za korienje u opsegu od

1460 nm do 1625 nm CD (Chromatic Dispersion) je vea od

nule u opsegu od interesa Podrava CWDM i DWDM sisteme


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Krajko 33

G.656 karakteristike za proraG.656 karakteristike za prorauneune

CD je dobijena analizom 9 proizvoda od

7 proizvoaa Rezultat predstavljen grafiki


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Krajko 34

G.656G.656 --

CDCD


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Krajko 35

Upotrebljivost optike za sistemeUpotrebljivost optike za sisteme


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Krajko 36

Slabljenje optiSlabljenje optikog kablakog kabla

A=aL + as

x + ac

y

gde je:a

koeficijent slabljenja vlakna

L

duina vlaknaas

srednje slabljenje spoja dva vlakna

x

broj spojeva na trasiac

slabljenje optikog konektora

y

broj konektora du

trase


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Krajko 38

G.651.1G.651.1


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Krajko 39

MM 50/125MM 50/125mmmm

Najee se ne vri proraun ve se vodi

rauna o rastojanjima koja su definisanau okviru specifikacije interfejsa

Sam kabl je neto skuplji od SM kabla alije u kombinaciji sa LED diodom koja sekoristi kao izvor svetlosti znaajno jeftiniji


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Krajko 40

Corning InfiniCor 50Corning InfiniCor 50mmmm


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Krajko 41

Corning InfiniCor 50Corning InfiniCor 50mmmm


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Krajko 42

Draka Multimodna vlaknaDraka Multimodna vlakna

Fibre

Class

11801OFL BW

Fibre Type

1Gb/s Link 10Gb/s Link850nm serial

10 GB/s Link1300nm WWDM

850nm 1300nm

1000BASE 10GBASE-SR 10GBASE-LX4System costs $$$

SX LX

OM 1

62.5m

200/500

MHz.km

StandardHiCap

OM-1+

200/600 MHz.km

275m

500m

550m

1000m

33m

65m

300m

450m

OM 250m

500/500

MHz.km

StandardHiCap

OM-2+

600/1200 MHz.km

550m

750m

550m

2000m

82m

110m

300m

900m

OM 3

50m

1500/500

MHz.km

OM3

MaxCap300

EMBc=2000/500

MHz.km 1100m 550m

300m

300m

300m

300m

OM 3+

50m

3500/500

MHz.km

MaxCap550

EMBc=4700/500

MHz.km

1100m 550m 550m 300m
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43/64

Krajko 43

Voenje kablova kroz zemljuVoenje kablova kroz zemlju

Optiki kablovi mogu da se direktno

ukopaju u zemlju ili da se uduvaju uplastinu cev koja je ukopana u zemlju

Varijanta sa plasti

nom cevi omogu

avada se naknadno zameni optiki kabl alizahteva postojanje okna na mestima

nastavaka

Izgled rova kod polaganja kabla uIzgled rova kod polaganja kabla u


44/64

Krajko 44

Izgled rova kod polaganja kabla uIzgled rova kod polaganja kabla u

zemljuzemlju

120

120

10-205

20

40

120

(100)

Kabl polo enma inski, plugom

Napomena:Sve dimenzije su u cm

Kopa e rova,ma inski,sa polo ajemkabla

nj

Kopanje rova ru no,u naseljenom mestu,sa polo ajem kabla


45/64

Krajko 45

ProProirenje rova za nastavak kablairenje rova za nastavak kabla

betonske plo e100 40 5x x cm

iskop

20 204040

160

40

pesakPE-cev

40 mm

PE- 40 mmcev

rezerva opti kog kabla

Opti ka spojnicaopti ki kabl

120

120

100

10

10

25-30

5


46/64

Krajko 46

Nastavak PE ceviNastavak PE cevi

50

PE-cev malog pre nikaspojnica za PE-cevi malog pre nikatampon od peska

nasip sitne zemlje

120

100 (120)

10-20


47/64

Krajko 47

Prolazno oknoProlazno okno

PVC-zatvara cevi

konzola opti ki kabl


48/64

Krajko 48

MontaMontaa 4a 4 32 cevi u32 cevi u 110 cev110 cev


49/64

Krajko 49

PodbuPodbuivanje putaivanje puta


50/64

Krajko 50

SDH sistemiSDH sistemi

Proraun SDH linkova definisan u okviru

G.957, G.691 Pored slabljenja optikog vlakna na

odre

enoj talasnoj duini u obzir seuzimaju i karakteristike optikih interfejsana ureajima, efekat starenja vlakna,

rezerva za sluaj kvarova


51/64

Krajko 51

Model linijeModel linije

Proraun se vri za liniju izmeu taaka S i R


52/64

Krajko 52

ProraProraun SDH linkaun SDH linka

Pr

=Pt

(aL + as

x + ac

y + R)

gde je:Pr

nivo optike snage na ulazu u prijemnik, pre konektora (TakaR, ITU Rec. G957, u dB) za stepen greke po bitu (BER) 10-10

Pt

min nivo predajne optike snage posle konektora (Taka S, ITURec. G.957, u dB)

a

koeficijent slabljenja vlaknaL

duina vlaknaas

srednje slabljenje spoja dva vlaknax

broj spojeva na trasiac

slabljenje optikog konektoray

broj konektora du

traseR

rezerva u slabljenju


53/64

Krajko 53

Vrednosti za proraVrednosti za proraun (1)un (1)

Pt i Prsu dati u okviru preporuka G.957 i

G.691 Potrebno ih je proveriti u proizvoakoj

dokumentaciji za konkretan ureaj i tip

interfejsaa koeficijent slabljenja vlakna je dat u

odgovaraju

oj G.65x preporuci; trebaproveriti vrednost u proizvoakojspecifikaciji za konkretno vlakno


54/64

Krajko 54


as srednje slabljenje spoja dva vlakna

uzima se 0.1dB na 1310nm, 0.02dB na1550nm za G.652 vlakno i 0.04dB na 1550nmza G.655 vlakno

ac slabljenje optikog konektora uzima se0.5dB na 1310nm, 0.25dB na 1550nm zaG.652 vlakno i 0.34dB na 1550nm za G.655

vlakno; zavisi od tipa konektora tako da moguda budu i druge vrednosti


55/64

Krajko 55


R rezerva u slabljenju

Pokriva sve efekte koji nisu uzeti direktno uformuli (starenje, nelinearni efekti,...)

Rezerva za sluaj naknadnog nastavljanja

kabla ako doe do kidanja Najee se uzima da bude izmeu 3 i 5 dB

Vrednost zavisi od karakteristika sistemakoji se projektuje i uslova rada


56/64

Krajko 56


x broj spojeva na trasi

kabl se standardno isporuuje nakoturovima duine oko 4km

trasa se sastoji od vie ovakvih segmenata

kod svakog nastavka se ostavlja odreenarezerva optikog kabla koja mora da se

ura

una u ukupnu duinu kabla


57/64

Krajko 57


y broj konektora du trase kada doe

u objekat optiki kabl se najeezavrava na optikom razdelniku posleega se razvodi dalje po objektu; popravilu, na trasi imamo 4 ili 6 konektora

SDHureaj

ODF 1 ODF 2

ODF 3


58/64

Krajko 58

Tipovi SDH interfejsaTipovi SDH interfejsa

X-y.z npr: L-1.2

gde je:X

oznaka nivoa signala (I-Intra office, S-Short haul, L-

Long haul, V-Very long haul, U-Ultra long haul)y

oznaka protoka (1 -

STM-1, 4

STM-4, 16

STM-16,64

STM-64)z

oznaka optikog prozora u kom se radi (1

II optiki

prozor, 2

III optiki prozor, 3

III optiki prozor saG.653 vlaknima)


59/64

Krajko 59

Tipovi STMTipovi STM--4 interfejsa (G.957)4 interfejsa (G.957)


60/64

Krajko 60

TipoviTipovi

STMSTM--44interfejsainterfejsa(G.691)(G.691)

O


61/64

Krajko 61

Obratiti paObratiti panju!nju!

Prilikom prorauna mora da se vodi

rauna da slabljenje optikog kabla nebude vee od premostivog slabljenja zatraeni tip interfejsa

Obratiti panju da signal na prijemu nebude jai od maksimalno dozvoljene

snage signala!

H k di ij


62/64

Krajko 62


Rauna se po formuli:

D = L * adgde je:

ad

promena hromatske disperzije pojedinici duine

L

ukupna duina kabla

H t k di ij


63/64

Krajko 63


Izraunata disperzija mora da bude

manja od maksimalno dozvoljenedisperzije za izabrani tip interfejsa

Ako gornji uslov nije zadovoljen mora dase promeni tip interfejsa ili da se dodajukompenzatori (koji unose dodatno

slabljenje tako da mora da se ponovoradi proraun linka)


64/64

OptiOpti

ki kablovi i SDH linkoviki kablovi i SDH linkovi

Mr Nenad KrajnoviKatedra za telekomunikacije

E-mail: [email protected]

opticki kablovi i sdh linkovi

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