Op erat ion and safe ty o f t ram w ays ininterac t ion w ith p ub lic sp ac e: Sta te o f the art

Op erat ion and safe ty o f t ram w ays ininterac t ion w ith p ub lic sp ac e: Sta te o f the art

Op erat ion and safe ty o f t ram w ays ininterac t ion w ith p ub lic sp ac e: Sta te o f the art

Op erat ion and safe ty o f t ram w ays ininterac t ion w ith p ub lic sp ac e: Sta te o f the art

Railroads and Transportation GroupSchool of Civil EngineeringUNIVERSITY OF A CORUÑA

Pre s e nte r

M a rg a rita N ova le s

COST ACTION TU 1103

Operation and safety oftramways in interaction

with public space

34 entities from 15 countries

+ UITP (International Association ofPublic Transport)

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 2

http://www.tram-urban-safety.eu/

34 entities from 15 countries

+ UITP (International Association ofPublic Transport)

COST ACTION TU 1103Operation and safety of tramways in

interaction with public space

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 3

http://www.tram-urban-safety.eu/

WG1 – INSTITUTIONAL ANDREGULATORY ASPECTS

• Questionnaire about the key points of light rail management at anational level:

o First part: light rail networks Number of networks in operation, construction and extension; Length of the network; Number of passengers, etc.

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 4

WG1 – INSTITUTIONAL ANDREGULATORY ASPECTS

• Questionnaire about the key points of light rail management at anational level:

o Second part: regulation

Main regulation

Philosophy behind it.

o Third part: actors

Who is responsible for accidents investigation?

Who is responsible for accidents evaluation?

o Forth part: urban insertion

Priority of light rail

Typical places for accidents

Essential risk factors

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 5

• Questionnaire about the key points of light rail management at anational level:

o Second part: regulation

Main regulation

Philosophy behind it.

o Third part: actors

Who is responsible for accidents investigation?

Who is responsible for accidents evaluation?

o Forth part: urban insertion

Priority of light rail

Typical places for accidents

Essential risk factors

WG2 – DATA COLLECTION ONACCIDENTS

• General vision about accident data collection procedures• Looking for a common terminology: event, accident, incident, etc.• Accidents data more commonly collected:

o Total number of eventso Total number of events by typeo Total number of fatalitieso Total number of injured people (seriously and slightly)o Total number of victims (passengers and third parties)

• Safety indicators:o Events by km runo Collisions by km runo Number of accidents by intersectiono Number of events by passenger·kmo Total number of eventso Total number of events by type

• Need to make a reference to the kind of infrastructure where theaccident happens

• Proactive approach considering quasi-accidents: emergency brakes

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 6

• General vision about accident data collection procedures• Looking for a common terminology: event, accident, incident, etc.• Accidents data more commonly collected:

o Total number of eventso Total number of events by typeo Total number of fatalitieso Total number of injured people (seriously and slightly)o Total number of victims (passengers and third parties)

• Safety indicators:o Events by km runo Collisions by km runo Number of accidents by intersectiono Number of events by passenger·kmo Total number of eventso Total number of events by type

• Need to make a reference to the kind of infrastructure where theaccident happens

• Proactive approach considering quasi-accidents: emergency brakes

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points

• Main points of the LRT infrastructure whose design has to be properlystudied in order to guarantee the safety of the system in itsinteraction with the public space

• Broad sense: interaction location + signalling and signage• Main distinction:

o Stops/Stations: Low speed of LRV when approaching the stop Most people around stops/stations are LRT users: aware of approaching vehicles

as they want to board them, but risky situations: Users hurrying to catch the LRV riskier behaviour Tendency to cross the tracks via inappropriate paths (direct route) Accumulation of users in the limited space of the platform passing each

other through the unsafe zone of the platform or even through the tracks Possible existence of standing LRVs which restricts the visibility of other

approaching LRVs

o Rest of the infrastructure (“between stations”): Speed as high as it is allowed by the maximum operational speed of the

infrastructure, the vehicle acceleration capability, and the circumstances of thetrack (drive on sight)

Pedestrians less aware of the existence of the LRT system or of the approachingLRVs

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 7

• Main points of the LRT infrastructure whose design has to be properlystudied in order to guarantee the safety of the system in itsinteraction with the public space

• Broad sense: interaction location + signalling and signage• Main distinction:

o Stops/Stations: Low speed of LRV when approaching the stop Most people around stops/stations are LRT users: aware of approaching vehicles

as they want to board them, but risky situations: Users hurrying to catch the LRV riskier behaviour Tendency to cross the tracks via inappropriate paths (direct route) Accumulation of users in the limited space of the platform passing each

other through the unsafe zone of the platform or even through the tracks Possible existence of standing LRVs which restricts the visibility of other

approaching LRVs

o Rest of the infrastructure (“between stations”): Speed as high as it is allowed by the maximum operational speed of the

infrastructure, the vehicle acceleration capability, and the circumstances of thetrack (drive on sight)

Pedestrians less aware of the existence of the LRT system or of the approachingLRVs

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points

• Identification of interaction points and third parties in conflict

Interaction pointThird party

Pedestrian Road vehicle Cyclist

Road junctions (cars and cyclists) withtramway X X

Road junctions (cars and cyclists) witha left-turn X X

Roundabouts X XTramway segregation along the street(lanes and sidewalks)

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 8

Tramway segregation along the street(lanes and sidewalks) X X X

Tramway segregation on mixed streets(cars and cyclists) X X

Tramway perception in pedestrian areas XPedestrian crossings X XCyclist in segregated areas XStops and accesses X X XInterchange areas X X XTraffic signals (road vehicles andpedestrians) X X X

Line signalling X X X

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points

• Interaction points data collection template

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 9

Conclusions (good and bad design practices) about:• Stations/Stops

o Pedestrian pathways at stations

o Platform design

• Between stationso Pavement treatment of LRT channel

o LRT separators on segregated channels

o Intersections

Left-turn intersections

Roundabouts

Pedestrian and cyclist crossings

Other innovative solutions at intersections

o LRT channel differentiation and protection by means of pavement, marks,fences and barriers

o OCS (overhead contact system) poles locations

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 10

Conclusions (good and bad design practices) about:• Stations/Stops

o Pedestrian pathways at stations

o Platform design

• Between stationso Pavement treatment of LRT channel

o LRT separators on segregated channels

o Intersections

Left-turn intersections

Roundabouts

Pedestrian and cyclist crossings

Other innovative solutions at intersections

o LRT channel differentiation and protection by means of pavement, marks,fences and barriers

o OCS (overhead contact system) poles locations

Transforming left-turns in other kind of movement

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points – Left-turn junctions

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 11

Transforming left-turns in other kind of movement

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points – Left-turn junctions

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 12

Plastic bollards leaving spacefor crossing vehicles comingfrom the perpendicularstreet, but complicating theleft-turn to offender car-drivers

Avoiding forbidden left-turns

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points – Left-turn junctions

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 13

Plastic bollards leaving spacefor crossing vehicles comingfrom the perpendicularstreet, but complicating theleft-turn to offender car-drivers

Avoiding misreading of turning and straight on traffic lights

WG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGNInteraction points – Left-turn junctions

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art 14

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank the European Cooperation inScience and Technology (COST) for funding theCOST Action 1103 “Operation and safety oftramways in interaction with public space”And all the members of the Action who hadcontributed to this paper

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The authors thank the European Cooperation inScience and Technology (COST) for funding theCOST Action 1103 “Operation and safety oftramways in interaction with public space”And all the members of the Action who hadcontributed to this paper

Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space:State of the art

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Operation and safety of tramways in interaction with public space: State of the artCOST ACTION TU 1103COST ACTION TU 1103WG1 – INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTSWG1 – INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTSWG2 – DATA COLLECTION ON ACCIDENTSWG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN Interaction pointsWG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN Interaction pointsWG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN Interaction pointsWG3 – INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN Interaction pointsSlide421Slide444Slide419Slide420ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThank you very much for your attention Visit our website: