OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD OF SCHOLARLY

JOURNALSCREATION AND DISCOVERY

SANDRA COWAN, UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGECHRIS BULOCK, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY NORTHRIDGE

NASIG ~ JUNE 11, 2016 ~ ALBUQUERQUE, NM

OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS: CREATION

“Open Access Publishing can be defined as publishing when the articles are free to all interested readers, and the publishers place no financial or copyright barriers between the readers and the article.”

- oaacademy.org

Inspired by Katie Fortney, UC Santa Cruz guides.library.ucsc.edu/openaccess

OA JOURNALS“GOLD” OA

Hybrid Journals (Subscription fees

+ APC for “OA” option)

Truly OA Journals

(Usually APC, but no subscription

fees)

OPEN ACCESS (OA) SCHOLARLY

PUBLISHING

OA REPOSITORIES “GREEN” OA

Disciplinary Repositories

(e.g. arXiv, PubMed Central)

Institutional Repositories (e.g. LoboVault, cIRcle

UBC, TSpace)

Commercial Scholarly Publishing Model

Researchers research + write

article

Researchers at publicly funded universities + federal research grants

Commercial publishes article

Authors and reviewers unpaid; free content & labour

Commercial publishers’ hybrid

“Open Access” option

Author Processing Charge (APC) of $600 to $4,0000/articleAcademic library

pays annual subscription

Publicly funded + student tuitionSingle e-journal subscription $200-$12,000

journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127502

• > 50% of scholarly articles published by 5 big commercial publishers:

• Reed-Elsevier• Wiley-Blackwell• Springer• Taylor & Francis• Sage

• Up to 71% in Social Sciences

What do these have in common?

Social Science Research Network

www.cbc.ca/news/technology/academic-publishers-reap-huge-profits-as-libraries-go-broke-1.3111535

www.cbc.ca/news/business/markets-loonie-oil-1.3399971

www.ucalgary.ca/utoday/issue/2015-12-21/academic-libraries-face-crisis-due-weak-canadian-dollar

University of Lethbridge Library 2013-2016

Budget allocation decreased by 7%

Databases/e-journals increased by 28%

Monographs purchase decreased by 43%

= Budget shortfall

roarmap.eprints.org/

CANADA

http://www.science.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=F6765465-1

www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canadian-journal-breaks-new-ground-in-open-access-science/article29599772/

OA Successes:

@ University of Lethbridge Library

• OA discovery & access: DOAJ, OpenDOAR, OA resources & tools

• Licensing and copyright consultation• Partner with Office of Research & Innovation

Services

www.uleth.ca/dspace/

IR @ University of Lethbridge Library

http://www.uleth.ca/research/centre-study-scholarly-communications

Research, programming, & education @ University of Lethbridge Library

www.journalincubator.org/the-lethbridge-journal-incubator-leveraging-the-educational-potential-of-the-scholarly-communication-process

Publishing @ University of Lethbridge Library

www.openlibhums.org/

• Objection to Author Processing Charges• Association with predatory journals• Perceived lack of peer-review• Prestige economy• Reward system for tenure, promotion & grants• Institutional authority rarely in the library

Obstacles to OA

• As interdisciplinary heart of academy, advocate for changes in policy and culture

• Support true OA publishing with APC funding• Demonstrate benefits of OA

• increased research impact• Increased citation rates• maintain intellectual property rights• public good

• Invest in repositories & other OA tools• Lead by example

@ Academic Libraries

Hybrid OA content in the library collectionChris BulockCSU Northridgecbulock@csun.edu

Hybrid Journals

Serials Review

Why Hybrid Journals?

Mandates

Access

Inertia

Tenure

OA at Global Scale

Publisher Perspective

ALL JOURNALS

Number of Articles Published January 2014

Downloads Jan 2014 to Dec 2015

Average Downloads per Article

Non-OA Articles

12,271 2,864,158 233

OA Articles 494 319,126 646

Total 12,765 3,183,284

Analysis by Astrid Pfenning, Springer Nature Market Research

Publisher Perspective

Analysis by Astrid Pfenning, Springer Nature Market Research

SELECTED SUBJECT COLLECTIONS Average Downloads Non-OA Articles Average Downloads OA Articles Ratio

Physics and Astronomy 109 433 4.0

Chemistry and Materials Science 206 659 3.2

Earth and Environmental Science 201 628 3.1

Biomedical and Life Sciences 266 781 2.9

Engineering 194 556 2.9

Mathematics and Statistics 124 303 2.4

Medicine 279 565 2.0

All Subject Collections 233 646 2.8

Hybrid OA in Library Collections

Discovery System

Link Resolver

Publisher Site

NISO Access and License Indicators

What to do?

1. Talk to your discovery vendor2. Talk to your content providers3. Talk to your IR manager4. Put a search in your resolver menu5. Get your holdings on the web6. Come to ALCTS CRS College &

Research Libraries IG @ ALA

Image Credits

1. Griffin - exseada CC BY-ND 3.0 http://exseada.deviantart.com/art/Griffin-359934034

2. Serials Review screenshot by author

3. Scales of Justic - montgomster CC0 https://pixabay.com/en/scales-of-justice-weigh-in-antique-982903/

4. Globe - CC0 https://pixabay.com/en/globe-world-map-earth-32299/

5. Tables of Springer OA usage courtesy Astrid Pfenning, Springer Nature Market Research

6. Card Catalog - tedeytan CC BY-SA 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2011_Library_of_Congress_USA_5466788868_card_catalog.jpg

7. Discovery System, Link Resolver, Publisher Site screenshots by author

8. Lock - ClkerFreeVectorImages CC0 https://pixabay.com/en/padlock-unlocked-lock-safety-24305/