Ontwikkelingen in de installatietechniek voor nZEB-gebouwen

M. De PaepeOnderzoeksgroep Technische Thermodynamica en Warmteoverdracht

Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics – www.FloHeaCom.UGent.beGhent University– UGent

Europese doelstellingen

• In 2002, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), which set minimum efficiency standards for both residential and commercial buildings.

• 17 November 2009 : EPBD recast “ ... all new buildings would have to comply with tough

energy-performance standards and supply a significant share of their energy requirements from renewables source after 2020.” ….

• Goedkeuring in het EP: 18 May 2010” …nearly zero - energy buildings “

Near Zero energy Buildings

2015 : alle nieuwbouw in Brussel passief ; 2020 bijna nul energie

2017 : alle nieuwbouwwoningen in Wallonië “bijna nul energie” woningen

2020 : alle nieuwbouwwoningen in Vlaanderen “bijna nul energie” woningen

Ook bestaande woningen zullen aan een aantal voorwaarden moeten voldoen

Definitie

• International Energy Agency, Annex 40 : Towards N-ZEB :

• Vijf randvoorwaarden voor de definitie :– (1) boundary conditions– (2) weighting system. – (3) the net zero balance– (4) the temporal energy match – (5) the monitoring procedure and post occupancy

protocol.

Break down of energy use in EU

7Martin Dieryckx29-Mar-07

41%28%

31%

Industry

50-60%

10-25%

3%

20%

Hot Water

Others

EU energy consumption (Primary energy)

41%28%

31%

Buildings

Transport

50-60%

20%

50-60%

20%Heating

41% of energy in EU

comes from buildings

Impact on heating, ventilation & air conditioning

Cooling

With heat pump technology we can contribute to the major part of energy savings in buildings

Heat pumptechnology

80 %

Source : EU reports ( 2003 )

Doel van een gebouw

• Comfort en productiviteit/fun

• Energy nodig voor :– Verwarming en koeling – Ventilatie (elektriciteit)– Sanitair warm water– Verlichting (elektriciteit)– Toestellen : kantoor, huishouden , fun Oil

Gas

Electricity

Heating

Cooling

Hot water

Ventilation

Lighting

Others

Measu

redrati

ng

Calcula

tedrati

ng

• EPBD recast, energy performance is defined as (article 2):‘energy performance of a building’ means the calculated or measured amount of energy needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which includes, inter alia, energy used for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water and lighting

EPBD recast definition for nearly zero-energy

• ‘nearly zero-energy building’ means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby

• numerical indicator of primary energy use expressed in kWh/m2 per year.

REHVA TF nZEB taskforce

• net zero energy building (ZEB)Energy use of ≤ 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy.

• nearly zero energy building (nZEB)Technically and nationally reasonable achievable energy use of > 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy, achieved with a combination of best practice energy efficiency measures and renewable energy technologies which may or may not be cost optimal.

ZEB – Energy Balance

BUILDINGNEEDSHeatingCoolingVentilationDHWLightingAppliances

Building site boundary = system boundary of delivered and exported energy

Heating energy

Cooling energy

Electricity for

lighting

Fuels

ENERGY USE

BUILDING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Energy use and production

System losses and conversions

Electricity

ON SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY W/O FUELS

District heat

District cooling

Electricity

Solar gains/loads

Heat transmission

ENERGY NEED

DELIVERED ENERGY

EXPORTED ENERGY

(renewable and non-renewable)

Electricity for

appliances

Internal heat gains/loads

RE generators

He

atin

g e

n.

Ele

ctric

ity

Co

olin

g e

n.

Energy use SB

Cooling en.

Heating en.Energy need SB

Trias Energetica

Vermindering van de vraag

• Doorgedreven isolatie – Muren, daken, – Ramen

• Doorgedreven luchtdichting• Ventilatie met warmterecuperatie• Daglichtsturing ,…• Interne lasten verder reduceren

– Zonnewering, …

BUILDINGNEEDSHeatingCoolingVentilationDHWLightingAppliances

Building site boundary = system boundary of delivered and exported energy

Heating energy

Cooling energy

Electricity for

lighting

Fuels

ENERGY USE

BUILDING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Energy use and production

System losses and conversions

Electricity

ON SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY W/O FUELS

District heat

District cooling

Electricity

Solar gains/loads

Heat transmission

ENERGY NEED

DELIVERED ENERGY

EXPORTED ENERGY

(renewable and non-renewable)

Electricity for

appliances

Internal heat gains/loads

RE generators

He

atin

g e

n.

Ele

ctric

ity

Co

olin

g e

n.

Energy use SB

Cooling en.

Heating en.Energy need SB

Zomer comfort : gevaar voor oververhitting : aarde-warmtewisselaars

Air in

Earth-air heat exchanger

Air out

Energie levering - Technieken

Heating energy

Cooling energy

Fuels

RENEWABLE ENERGY USE

BUILDING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Energy use and production

System losses and conversions

Electricity

ON SITE RE SOURCES

District heat

District cooling

Electricity

DELIVERED ENERGY (renewable and non-renewable)

EXPORTED ENERGY (renewable and non-renewable)

RE generators (solar, wind, hydro)

Hea

ting

en.

Ele

ctric

ity

Coo

ling

en.

RE energy use SB

Cooling en.

Heating en.

RE generators (geo- , aero- and

hydrothermal)

ON SITE RE SOURCES

De warmtepomp

Warmtepompen en PV-panelen

• Elektriciteit is de enige energievector

Technologische variaties

• Verwarmen & koelen– BEO-veld : boorgat energie opslag– Energiepalen

Ground

Energierecuperatie op ventilatie

The Energy Box