one and a half syndrome

5
One and a half syndrome From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Schematic representation of most common extra-ocular movement abnormality in one and a half syndrome. The one and a half syndrome is a rare ophthalmoparetic syndrome characterized by "a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction and an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other". [1] The most common manifestation of this unusual syndrome is limitation of horizontal eye movement to abduction (moving away from the midline) of one eye (e.g. right eye in the diagram on the right) with no horizontal movement of the other eye (e.g. left eye in the diagram on the right). [2] Nystagmus is also present when the eye on the opposite side of the lesion is abducted. Convergence is classically spared as Cranial Nerve III (oculomotor nerve) and its nucleus is spared bilaterally. Contents 1 Anatomy 2 Causes 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Anatomy

Upload: geralders01

Post on 08-Nov-2015

5 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

DESCRIPTION

ygf

TRANSCRIPT

One and a half syndromeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Schematic representation of most common extra-ocular movement abnormality in one and a half syndrome.The one and a half syndrome is a rare ophthalmoparetic syndrome characterized by "a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction and an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other".[1] The most common manifestation of this unusual syndrome is limitation of horizontal eye movement to abduction (moving away from the midline) of one eye (e.g. right eye in the diagram on the right) with no horizontal movement of the other eye (e.g. left eye in the diagram on the right).[2] Nystagmus is also present when the eye on the opposite side of the lesion is abducted. Convergence is classically spared as Cranial Nerve III (oculomotor nerve) and its nucleus is spared bilaterally.Contents 1 Anatomy 2 Causes 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksAnatomy

Scheme showing anatomical location of lesions in one and a half syndrome.The syndrome usually results from single unilateral lesion of the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. An alternative anatomical cause is a lesion of the abducens nucleus (VI) on one side(resulting in a failure of abduction of the ipsilateral eye and adduction of the contralateral eye = conjugate gaze palsy towards affected side), with interruption of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus after it has crossed the midline from its site of origin in the contralateral abducens (VI) nucleus (resulting in a failure of adduction of the ipsilateral eye).CausesCauses of the one and a half syndrome include pontine hemorrhage, ischemia, tumors, infective mass lesions such as tuberculomas, and demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis.TreatmentThere have been cases of improvement in extra-ocular movement with botulinum toxin injection.[3]Skema representasi dari yang paling umum kelainan gerakan ekstra - okuler dalam satu setengah sindrom .Satu setengah syndrome adalah sindrom ophthalmoparetic langka yang ditandai dengan " konjugasi horisontal tatapan palsy dalam satu arah dan oftalmoplegia internuclear yang lain " . [ 1 ] manifestasi yang paling umum dari sindrom yang tidak biasa ini adalah keterbatasan gerakan mata horizontal untuk penculikan ( bergerak menjauh dari garis tengah ) dari satu mata ( mata misalnya tepat di diagram di sebelah kanan ) tanpa gerakan horisontal dari mata lain (misalnya mata kiri dalam diagram di sebelah kanan ) . [ 2 ] Nystagmus juga hadir ketika mata pada sisi berlawanan dari lesi diculik . Konvergensi klasik terhindar sebagai Cranial Nerve III ( oculomotor saraf ) dan intinya terhindar bilateral .Skema yang menunjukkan lokasi anatomis lesi pada satu setengah sindrom .Sindrom ini biasanya hasil dari lesi unilateral tunggal dari paramedian pontine formasi reticular dan ipsilateral fasciculus membujur medial . Penyebab anatomi alternatif adalah lesi dari abducens inti ( VI ) pada satu sisi (yang mengakibatkan kegagalan penculikan mata ipsilateral dan adduksi mata kontralateral = konjugasi menatap palsy ke sisi yang terkena ) , dengan gangguan yang ipsilateral medial memanjang fasciculus setelah itu telah melintasi garis tengah dari situs asalnya di abducens kontralateral ( VI ) inti (yang mengakibatkan kegagalan adduksi mata ipsilateral ) .penyebabPenyebab dari satu setengah sindrom termasuk perdarahan pontine , iskemia , tumor , lesi massa infeksi seperti tuberkuloma , dan kondisi demielinasi seperti multiple sclerosis .pengobatanAda kasus perbaikan dalam gerakan ekstra - okuler dengan injeksi toksin botulinum . [ 3 ]

A 28-year-old right-handed man with no medical history presented with sudden onset of double vision. The patient stated that the double vision was worse when looking to the right, and he was not able to move his eyes to the left. On examination, the patient had a conjugate gaze palsy to the left and impaired adduction in the left eye (video), which persisted during saccades, pursuit, and oculocephalic movements. Vertical eye movements were normal, and no ocular bobbing was observed. MRI showed multiple periventricular white matter lesions and a central lesion in the pontine tegmentum (figure).

View larger version: In this page In a new window Download as PowerPoint SlideFigure Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence MRI of the brainstem showing a multiple sclerosis plaque in the tegmentum of the pons (white arrow) One-and-a-half syndrome is a gaze abnormality characterized by a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction plus an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other.1 The syndrome is usually caused by a single unilateral lesion of the paramedian pontine reticular formation or the abducens nucleus on one side (causing the conjugate gaze palsy to the side of the lesion), with interruption of internuclear fibers of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus after it has crossed the midline from its site of origin in the contralateral abducens nucleus (causing failure of adduction of the ipsilateral eye).1 One-and-a-half syndrome is most often caused by multiple sclerosis (MS), brain stem stroke, brain stem tumors, and arteriovenous malformations.1 This patient was diagnosed with MS in accordance with the McDonald Criteria for MS.2Ada kasus perbaikan dalam gerakan ekstra - okuler dengan injeksi toksin botulinum . [ 3 ]Seorang pria kidal 28 tahun yang tidak memiliki riwayat medis disajikan dengan tiba-tiba mengalami penglihatan ganda . Pasien menyatakan bahwa penglihatan ganda lebih buruk ketika melihat ke kanan , dan ia tidak mampu bergerak matanya ke kiri . Pada pemeriksaan , pasien memiliki konjugat tatapan palsy ke adduksi kiri dan gangguan di mata kiri ( video) , yang bertahan selama saccades , mengejar , dan gerakan oculocephalic . Gerakan mata vertikal yang normal, dan tidak ada bobbing okular diamati . MRI menunjukkan beberapa lesi materi putih periventricular dan lesi sentral dalam tegmentum pontine (gambar ) .Gambar Fluid - dilemahkan pemulihan inversi urutan MRI dari batang otak menunjukkan sclerosis plak multiple dalam tegmentum pons ( panah putih )Satu - dan - a- setengah syndrome adalah kelainan tatapan ditandai dengan konjugasi horisontal tatapan palsy dalam satu arah plus optalmoplegia internuclear di other.1 sindrom ini biasanya disebabkan oleh lesi unilateral tunggal dari paramedian pontine formasi reticular atau abducens inti pada satu sisi (menyebabkan konjugat tatapan palsy ke sisi lesi ) , dengan gangguan serat internuclear dari fasciculus membujur medial ipsilateral setelah itu telah melintasi garis tengah dari situs asalnya di abducens inti kontralateral ( menyebabkan kegagalan adduksi mata ipsilateral ) .1 satu - dan - a- setengah syndrome paling sering disebabkan oleh multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , stroke batang otak , tumor batang otak , dan arteriovenosa malformations.1 pasien ini didiagnosis dengan MS sesuai dengan McDonald yang kriteria MS.2