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Munvar Miya Shaik Human Genome Centre School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia

Biography • Munvar Miya Shaik has Bachelor degree in Pharmacy and Medical Master

degree in Medical Pharmacology. His PhD thesis was focused on Neurogenetics especially focusing on migraine genetics.

• He has vast experience in teaching medical pharmacology to Medical and dental students.

• Currently his research is focused on Migraine genetics.

• He is also involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases research clusters.

• He has published various research articles in high impact factor journals.

• Currently he is located in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. 3

Research interest

• Neurogenetics focused on Neuro-degenarative disorders

• Role of microRNA as biomarker and therapeutic target in Neuro-degenarative disorders

• Pharmacoepigenomics of Migraine

• Therapeutic targets from Traditional medicines to treat Neuro-degenarative disorders

• Epigenetics of Neuro-degenarative disorders

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Recent publications

2014 - 2012

• MM Shaik, NB Hassan, HL Tan, SH Gan. Validity and Reliability of the Bahasa Melayu Version of the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire. Biomed Research International, Volume 2014 (2014). http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/435856/ [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• MM Shaik, HL Tan, SH Gan. Do folate, vitamins B6 and B12 play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine?: the role of pharmacoepigenomics. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014;13(5):828-35. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• MM Shaik, S Ahmed, SH Gan, AM Abuzenadah, E Ahmad, S Tabrez, F Ahmad, MA Kamal. How do periodontal infections affect the progression of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease? CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014, 13 (3), 460-466. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• MM Shaik, SH Gan, MA Kamal. Epigenomic approach in understanding of Alzheimer Diseases and type 2 Diabetes. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014, 13 (2), 283-289. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• MM Shaik. Enzymes as therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s Disease (Editorial). Journal of Bimolecular Research & Therapeutics, 2014, 3:2 (Available in Google Scholar)

• M Rasool, A Malik, A Qazi, IA Sheikh, A Manan, MH Qazi, A Chaudhary, AM Abuzenadah, M Asif, MH Alqahtani, SH Gan, MM Shaik, MA Kamal. Current view from Alzheimer’s disease to type 2 diabetes mellitus. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014, 13 (3), 533-542. [ISI Indexed, IF=3.810] [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed) 5

Recent publications • M Arifullah, P Vikram, KK Chiruvella, MM Shaik, I Husna. A review on Malaysian plants used for screening of Antimicrobial

activity. Annual Research & Review Biology, 4(13):2088-2132, 2014.

• MM Shaik, NB Hassan, HL Tan, S.Bhaskar, SH Gan. Reliability and Validity of Malaysian Language Translated Version of Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire – Late Breaking Abstracts of the 2013 International Headache Congress. Cephalalgia 33(11). 970-971. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• H Iftikhar, I Ahmad, SH Gan, MM Shaik, N Iftikhar, MS Nawaz, MA Kamal. Quinoline derivatives: candidate drugs for a class B G-protein coupled receptor, the Calcitonin gene related peptide receptor, a cause of migraines. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• Shaik MM, Gan SH. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of homocysteine, vitamin B6, B9 and B12 in human serum. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. April 2013, 2013, 45(2), 159-167. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• R Basri, MM Shaik, MK Alam, MBA Mondol, QD Mohammad, SH Gan. Waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio and body mass index predict stroke risk in a Bangladeshi population. International Medical Journal, 12/2013; 20(6):740-743. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

• Shaik MM, Loo KW, Gan SH. Burden of stroke in Nepal. International Journal of Stroke, 2012, 7(6) :517-20 [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

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Pharmacoepigenomics of Migraine

• Over the years, many pathological theories related to migraine were published

• However, Migraine is not understood completely in view of Treatment

• Various factors, such as alcohol, smoking, nutrition, stress, environmental changes, exercises and menstrual cycles in women, have been reported to play a role in causing migraines

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Why ?

• However, the Question is

Why certain precipitator cause migraine in some patients but not others ?

This is still UNKNOWN

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Genetics

• But there is a role of genetic vulnerability in selective physiological alterations.

• This provides an opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of migraines based on previously published pathological theories of migraines due to migraine’s heritable nature.

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Genetics

• Based on Cortical Spreading Depression and other theories

Vascular Genes (Related to blood vessels)

• Based on Hormonal affect on Migraine

Hormonal Genes (Related to Estrogen)

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Vascular Genes

Homocysteine Highly reactive amino acid

Endothelial cell injury (Research done in animals and cell lines)

Nitric Oxide

Higher levels of Homocysteine

Vit. B6, B9 & B12 (For methylation & Conjugation of HCY)

Diet MTHFR Enzyme (Methylene tetrahydro folate reductase)

MTHFR Gene (Harker, Ross et al. 1976; Wall, Harlan et al. 1980); (Stamler, Osborne et al. 1993); (Cooke and Tsao 1994); (Hering-Hanit, Gadoth et al. 2001

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Migraine

Higher levels of Homocysteine

Low levels of Vitamin B6, B9 and B12

MTHFR gene defect

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Vitamins B for Migraine ?

Lowering Homocysteine levels

MTHFR gene defect Intake of Vit. B6, B9 & B12

Migraine disability

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Estrogen & Homocysteine

MM Shaik, HL Tan, SH Gan. Do folate, vitamins B6 and B12 play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine?: the role of pharmacoepigenomics. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014;13(5):828-35. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

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Estrogen & Vitamins

• Vitamin B6 decrease the biological activities of oestrogen.

• Vitamins B6, B12 and folate are key cofactors of the enzymes

implicated in oestrogen conjugation and methylation.

• Therefore, diminished concentrations of B vitamins can upset

oestrogen detoxification and cause higher levels of circulating

oestrogen

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Estrogen & Homocysteine

MM Shaik, HL Tan, SH Gan. Do folate, vitamins B6 and B12 play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine?: the role of pharmacoepigenomics. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014;13(5):828-35. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

16

Estrogen & Homocysteine

MM Shaik, HL Tan, SH Gan. Do folate, vitamins B6 and B12 play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine?: the role of pharmacoepigenomics. CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets, 2014;13(5):828-35. [ISI Indexed] (Available in Pubmed)

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Hypothesis

• The role of epigenetics in migraine is a new, unexplored field that has pharmacological implications.

• The proposed study of vitamin supplements aims to examine the reduction of homocysteine levels associated with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in migraine patients.

• It would also be interesting to study the DNA methylation profiles of the promoter regions of candidate genes in migraine patients to better explain migraine occurrence.

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Munvar Miya Shaik Human Genome Centre School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia H/P: +60-10-9227448 Email: munvar.shaik@gmail.com http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JeSDTZ0AAAAJ&hl=en

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