olga tar removal
DESCRIPTION
2009Chicago Olga Tar RemovalTRANSCRIPT
www.ecn.nl
OLGA
Flexible tar removal for high efficient production of
clean heat & power as well as sustainable fuels & chemicals
-2-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Content of the paper
• The tar problem
• The OLGA technology
• The development
Step 1: Demonstration of high-efficient production of clean heat and power
Step 2: Developing high-efficient production of sustainable fuels & chemicals
Step 3: Demonstrating the flexibility of the OLGA tar removal technology
• Commercial gasification projects
• Conclusions and outlook
• References
Environmental progress & sustainable energy / October 2009 / Volume 28 / Number 3
-3-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Content of the presentation
• The tar problem
• The OLGA technology
• The development
Step 1: Demonstration of high-efficient production of clean heat and power
Step 2: Developing high-efficient production of sustainable fuels & chemicals
Step 3: Demonstrating the flexibility of the OLGA tar removal technology
• Commercial gasification projects
• Conclusions and outlook
• References
-4-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Excluded from the presentation
-5-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
The OLGA technology: philosophy
-6-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
The OLGA technology: principle
-7-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
-8-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
Dioxins
‘Dioxins’ is a common name for
a group of 210 compoundsisomers of
polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins
and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)
-9-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
O
O
ClCl
ClCl
O
1
2
3
4 6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4 6
7
8
9
polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins
and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)
-10-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
• dioxins are toxic at low concentrations
(already at 0.000000001 g/m3)
• I-TEQ = International Toxicity Equivalent
= measure for dioxins toxicity
• European emission limit (flue) =
0.1 ng I-TEQ/mn3 (at 6% O2 in flue gas)
Viktor Yushchenko (Ukraine)
-11-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
• carbon source
– residual carbon on ash
– gas-phase Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs, TAR)
– (fly) ash/char-adsorbed PICs
• elevated temperature
– 700-900°C gas-phase reactions
– 250-400°C catalytic reactions (surface = wall/ash catalysed)
• chlorine source
– organic/inorganic chlorides
– free Cl2 (e.g. Deacon’s reaction from HCl)
Only a (proper) combination of all three factors yields dioxins...
-12-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
RDF A 725°C RDF B 725 °C sewage sludge
750°C
RDF A 820°C sewage sludge
850°C
clean wood
pellets 850°C
PC
DD
/Fs
co
nc
en
tra
tio
n [
ng
I-T
EQ
/m3
]
75 Presented concentrations = raw producer gas
Gasifier = air-blown, direct
Chlorine/ash-rich fuels = increased levels
High conversion temperature = low levels
-13-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
raw prod. gas (upstream OLGA) clean prod. gas (downstream OLGA)
PC
DD
/Fs c
on
cen
trati
on
[n
g I
-TE
Q/m
3]
Fuel = clean wood pellets
-14-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 1: Heat and power
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
boiler (no OLGA) boiler (with OLGA) gas engine (with
OLGA)
gas turbine (with
OLGA)
PC
DD
co
nc
en
tra
tio
n [
ng
I-T
EQ
/m3
]
EU emission limit (flue gas):
0.1 ng I-TEQ/mn3 [@ 6% O2]
1.9
-15-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
Substitute Natural Gas (SNG)
Chemicals
Step 2: Sustainable fuels & chemicals
-16-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 2: Sustainable fuels & chemicals
Component Downstream MILENA Downstream OLGA
CO vol% 30.1 30.6
H2 vol% 32.0 32.5
CO2 vol% 19.2 19.4
O2 vol% 0.0 0.0
CH4 vol% 12.2 12.4
N2+Ar vol% 0.1 0.1
C2H2 vol% 0.2 0.2
C2H4 vol% 3.9 3.9
C2H6 vol% 0.2 0.2
C6H6 vol% 1.0 0.5
C7H8 vol% 0.1 0.0
Tar g/mn3 52.1 0.2
-17-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 3: Flexibility
WOB BFB at ECN
MILENA Indirect at ECN
BIVKIN CFB at ECN
MILENA Indirect at ECN
PRMe Fixed Bed at Moissannes
BIVKIN CFB in Portugal
MILENA Indirect at HVC
Note that existing lab and pilot
OLGA at ECN hardly changed!
Lab
Pilot
Commercial
-18-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 3: Flexibility
High chlorine content together
with high amounts of PE/PP/PB/PS
RDF
Chicken manure (new project)
Formation of a unusual thermoplast
inbetween 150 and 200°C
Upstream chlorine removal applied
OLGA operation without problems
High ash content
-19-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 3: Flexibility polar tar
non-polar tar
-20-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Step 3: Flexibility
-21-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Conclusions & outlook
The OLGA technology development started in 2001 and OLGA was
launched to the market by Dahlman in 2007
OLGA always showed to be a very efficient, flexible and reliable gas
cleaning technology. This accounts not only for tar removal, but also for
(dioxin) emission control
Although OLGA can be considered as proven technology for many
applications and downstream different gasifiers, for some applications
(e.g. low temperature gasification or bad feedstock) some additional
testing work on lab and pilot scale at ECN is advised and can be
performed though to ensure successful commercial operation
ECN continues its work on the sustainable production of fuels and
chemicals, with OLGA having shown to be successful as well as
efficient cleaning upstream processes for FT-diesel or SNG production
-23-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
References
catalytic cracking
plasma
RPS and ESP
gasreip A to C
OLGA
the tar problem
solved though
remaining an
enduring challenge
-24-
TCBiomass2009
September 16th 2009
Chicago
Contact information
Robin Zwart
e: [email protected] PO Box 1
t: +31 224 56 4574 NL 1755 ZG Petten
w: www.ecn.nl the Netherlands
publications: www.ecn.nl/publications
fuel composition database: www.phyllis.nl
tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl
IEA bioenergy/gasification: www.ieatask33.org
Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.com
OLGA tar removal: www.olgatechnology.com
SNG: www.biosng.com and www.biocng.com
Dahlman: www.dahlman.nl and www.renewableenergy.nl