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Palm Oil Industry in Animal

Nutrition

Optimasi Palm Kernel Sebagai Sumber

Energi pada Pakan Unggas

Palm Kernel Meal Highlight

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Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producerof Palm Kernel Meal.

PKM is aflatoxin free, and considerable potential as carbohydrate and protein source (Sundu, et. al., 2006).

Fiber in PKM has been found to have a complex structure consisting mannans (glucomannan and galactomannan) as the main component, cellulose,

glucoronoxylans and arabinoxylans(Dusterhoft et al., 1991; Knudsen, 1997).

PKM up to 20% with or without enzymes could be used safely inbroiler diets without affecting the performance and additional enzymes can be used for better economical production.

Mannan from PKM (2,000-4,000 ppm) prevent the colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in poultry (R., Nahrowi., et al., 2007).

https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=palm-kernel-meal&graph=production

Oilseed & Palm Oil

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Palm Oil Lanscape

Milling Process

Palm Fruit Fraction

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PKM : Production & Export (‘000

tons)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2015 2016 2017 2018 ( f)

Export Production

Sources: Indexmundi

Nutritive Value of Palm Kernel Meal

Protein (tons) 825,000

ME Poultry (TJ) 38,500,000

ME Ruminant (TJ) 60,500,000

Nutrient Supply Potential

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Recommended Level of PKM

Palm Kernel for Broiler

• PKC can supply both energy and protein

• Fiber is key limiting factor to have low ME and digestible value

• Inclusion of PKC could vary depend on• PKC Quality

• Age and sex

• Further study still required to find “best value of PKC”, especially carbohydrate (sugar) fraction and 3D molecular structure

• Is enzyme effective to improve digestibility of PKC ?

Layer

• Inclusion of PKC can be up to 20 – 25%, depend on PKC quality

• Fat and (insoluble) fiber is fit well in layer nutrition

• “the present of insoluble fiber appears indispensable, causing an increasing in gizzard size, improve starch digestibility and limiting feather pecking”

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Modern Broiler

Broiler is the engine of meat production

The layer as well

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Oil Palm Fiber Composition

Fibres Complex

PKM Fibre

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Chemicals and Physical Treatment

Treatment to improve quality of PKM

Or Combination

Physical & Chemicals

Treatment

Grinding and chemicals

treatment

Fermented

Treatment

Fermentation of Palm

Kernel Meal with aim to

improve nutrient

availability

Enzymatic Treatment

Supplementation of enzyme

on PKM base diet and/ or

using enzyme as pre-

treatment products

Page 20

Physical Treatment

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Grinding and separation

Ramli and Sunanto, 2007

Chemicals Treatment

Ramli and Sunanto, 2007

Enzymatic&

Fermentation

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Fermentation

RecommendationTo Industry

Recommendation for all of us

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