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Ohio Department of Transportation
Central Office • 1980 West Broad Street • Columbus, OH 43223
John R. Kasich, Governor • Jerry Wray, Director
www.Transportation.Ohio.Gov ODOT is an Equal Opportunity Employer and Provider of Services
OFFICE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Manual of Bridge Inspection Interim Updates
DATE: Effective 1/30/2017
TO: Ohio Bridge Inspectors
CC: Bridge Staff
FROM: Tim Keller, Office of Structural Engineering (OSE)
SUBJECT: Clarification to Item 60-Substructure Summary and Item c13-Expansion Joints
Purpose
This memo provides more detail for bridge inspectors to consistently assign Substructure Summary and
Expansion Joint condition ratings. The language contained herein is meant to be used in conjunction with the
Condition Guide on page 117 of the 2014 Manual and the Material guidance. However, where there are
discrepancies this guidance shall take precedent.
Substructure Summary
The Manual of Bridge Inspection was updated in 2010 and 2014. Although the definitions for the
Substructure Summary did not change between the 2010 and 2014 update, specific guidance was exchanged for
material deficiencies and items such as Pier Seats and Abutment Seats were removed. This change was due to the
introduction of a dual rating system on the individual items (1-4 scale); condition and element level. As a result,
inspector guidance became more ambiguous resulting in some inconsistencies.
Waterproof Joints
In addition to the Substructure Summary clarification, informal research in 2016 investigated the condition
rating of expansion joints statewide. Joints designed to be waterproof but exhibit widespread leaking should be
considered “Poor” whereas the guidelines endorsed a “Fair” condition rating. The condition rating guidance did
not differentiate between waterproof and non-waterproof joints. Also, Polymer Modified Joints (PMJ), also known
as Asphaltic Plug Joints, that have the leveling plate exposed, should be coded “Critical” where the Manual
recommended inspector discretion.
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Item - Expansion Joints
Type -
Waterproof Expansion Joints (Polymer Modified, Strip
Seal, Compression Seal, Modular etc.)
Condition Rating Leaking
(Underneath)
Expansion and
Contraction Opening Armor and Anchorage
1-G
oo
d 9- Excellent No leaking
8-Very Good No leaking
7-Good No leaking Normal Range
2-F
air 6-Satisfactory No leaking
Minor or Surface
Problems
Surface Spalls or minor
cracking in the deck and/or
header may be present
adjacent to the joint.
5-Fair Minor leaking
Surface problems and
very minor structural
problems.
Minor clanking. Loose
armor. Surface gouges.
3-P
oo
r
4-Poor Widespread
Leaking. Gland
pulling out
Structural problems are
not minor. 1”
misalignment.
Deep Gouges in armor.
Slight Clanking under truck
traffic.
3-Serious
Portion of gland
lying on seat.
Free flow of
water.
Major problems. 1-2”
misalignment.
Slight Visible movement or
heavy clanking under car
traffic.
4-C
riti
cal
2-Critical
Steel Plate Exposed for Polymer Modified Joints. Greater than 2”
misalignment (plow catch points exist). Tight on one side and open in the
other. Visible movement and clanking under all traffic loads in all lanes,
major spalls exposing anchorage. Anchorage separation on multiple beams.
Polymer Mod. Joints
Good Poor – When Leaking Underneath
Critical
Critical
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Substructure
Item - Short (~4-Ft) or Stub Abutments
Abut
Wall
Item 60-
Substructure
Summary
Delamination, Efflorescence,
Reinforcing Steel Exposure
Spalling Depth
½ Bridge
Width or
Less
More than ½
Bridge Width
1-G
ood 9- Excellent
8-Very Good Sound
7-Good
Sound. Vertical Cracks with light
efflorescence. A few unsound areas,
some cover missing
2-F
air 6-Satisfactory
Saturation through the wall and
delamination. Exposed reinforcement
possible
Up to 4”
deep
5-Fair
Up to 100% saturation with full width
delamination. Minor section loss to
vertical bars.
Up to 6”
deep
isolated
Up to 4” deep
3-P
oo
r 4-Poor
Advanced Section loss to vertical bars
For example: 4-adjacent bars with
10% loss of section (LOS)
Up to 8”
deep
isolated
Up to 6” deep
3-Serious
Worse than Above with local failures
possible. For example: 5 adjacent
bars with 20% LOS.
Up to 9”
Deep
isolated
Up to 8” deep
4-C
riti
cal
2-Critical
Local failures such as bent or
broken vertical bars. Should close
lane(s) and/or monitor more
frequently.
Backfill
spilling
through
Up to 9” Deep
1-Imminent
Failure/Failed
Worse than above. Immediately close bridge or the bridge is already
closed.
8-Very Good Sound concrete, staining
through joint. 7-Good Vertical cracking with light efflo.
Moisture from joint.
6-Satisfactory Concrete is sound except 10-Ft
of delam and 6-Ft of spall. Staining from joint above. 5-Fair 4”-Deep spalling and delam at top 5-15” of
abutment full width. Loose concrete removed.
2-Critical
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Substructure
Item - Abutment and Pier Walls & Caps (excluding Stub or shorter 4’ Abutment Walls)
Abut
or
Pier
Wall/
Cap
Item 60-
Substructure
Summary
Area Remaining Under Bearing Devices
Abutment or Pier Supporting More than 3 Beams
(Redundant)
Abutment or Pier
Supporting 3 Beams or
Less (Non-Redundant)
1-G
ood 9- Excellent No problems noted, no section loss
8-Very Good Minor spalling/delamination up to fascia bearings for redundant structure.
7-Good Aesthetic deficiencies, minor spalling, delaminations. Minor loss under fascia
bearings for redundant structure.
2-F
air
6-Satisfactory
Structural Elements Show Some Minor
Deterioration. For example: Spalling or
delaminations up to masonry plate(s) but no
undermining to interior beams. Minor undermining
is possible under a fascia masonry plate.
For example: Minor
spalling, delaminations,
no undermining.
5-Fair
Structural Elements Show Deterioration but are
Sound. For example: Fascia bearing loss up to
50%, interior bearings have spalling or
delaminations under small portions of the masonry
plates.
For example: Spalling or
delaminations up to
masonry plate but no
undermining.
3-P
oo
r 4-Poor
Advanced. For example: One interior bearing may
have up to 50% and the adjacent are sound, at least
two on one substructure unit with up to 20% loss.
For example: Spalling
undermining portions of
masonry plate.
3-Serious
4-Poor and local failures possible. For example:
More than two adjacent interior masonry plates
with more than 20% loss.
For example: Spalling
undermining portions of
masonry plate up to 20%
of area.
4-C
riti
cal
2-Critical
3-Serious. . . AND unless closely monitored may
be necessary to close the bridge until correction
action is taken.
For example: Spalling
undermining portions of
masonry plate more than
20% of area.
4-Poor – undermined
more than 25% of one
interior bearing plate.
Abutment
Wall
Includes
the Seat
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Substructure
Item - Pier Bents
Type –
Steel Bents This includes Cylindrical Bents that Do NOT have reinforcing
cage or Carbon or Glass Fiber Wrap Confinement
Pier
Bent
Item 60-
Substructur
e Summary
Steel Piles
1-G
oo
d
9- Excellent No problems noted, no section loss
8-Very Good No problems noted, no section loss, general isolated surface deterioration
7-Good Some minor problems such as isolated rust and very minor isolated section loss
2-F
air
6-
Satisfactory
Structural Elements Show Some Minor Deterioration. For example: rust
and minor section loss on most piles
5-Fair
Structural Elements Show Deterioration but are Sound. For example: minor
section loss on all piles, small corrosion holes in three non-neighboring bents,
up to 33% loss in one exterior bent, a load rating that takes into account
advanced section loss and has more than 150% remaining capacity for legal
loads.
3-P
oo
r 4-Poor
Advanced Section Loss. For example: Small corrosion holes in three bents in
one pier, 15% loss of section on three neighboring bents, or advanced loss 33%
in two non-adjacent interior bents.
3-Serious 4-Poor. . . AND Local Failures Possible. For example: Large corrosion holes
in multiple bents, 33% loss of area in three bents in one pier.
4-C
riti
cal
2-Critical
3-Serious. . . AND unless closely monitored may be necessary to close the
bridge until correction action is taken. For example: minor buckling or
misalignment that is a change since previous inspection, flange & web crack,
missing steel sheath over portions of neighboring piles.
Find the worst, or thinnest, horizontal cross section anywhere on the bent. Most often this occurs at the
wet-dry water line or mud-line. Access may require wading in low water or performing a dive inspection.
Write in the notes what bents are in water and whether or not they are protected. Structurally the steel
cross section is important near the middle of the unbraced length between the cap and often below the
mudline. The cross sectional shape will be a W-Shape or a cylinder. Shrinking or reducing the average
area of remaining steel or cross section will reduce the bents ability to carry traffic. For comparison
purposes each ½ flange is roughly 17% of the total area on a W-shape.
4-Poor – exterior bent with
more than 40% loss of area
1-Imminent
Failure
Fluted Cylinder with
no internal Cage
Cylinder with no
internal Cage
4-Poor exposed concrete
due to LOS to cylinder