OGT TERMSOGT TERMSOhio Graduation TestOhio Graduation Test

A Glossary of TermsA Glossary of Terms

TERMS 72-81TERMS 72-81

PRIMARY SOURCEPRIMARY SOURCEThe original records of an event The original records of an event

under investigation including: under investigation including: eyewitness reports, records eyewitness reports, records compiled at the time of the compiled at the time of the event, texts of speeches, event, texts of speeches, reports and letters. Also reports and letters. Also photographs and video of the photographs and video of the actual event. (154)actual event. (154)

2008 Question2008 QuestionIf you wanted to learn what it was like to live

in your town during World War II, why would reading a collection of letters written by townspeople during the war be a more credible source of information than a description in a recent history book?

A. The letter writers would be free of bias.B. The letters would be easier to understand.C. The letter writers are more likely to be

experts on the history of war.D. The letters contain firsthand knowledge of

events when they occurred.D

PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENTPROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

A political A political movement of movement of the early 1900s the early 1900s which sought to which sought to correct the correct the abuses of abuses of industrialization industrialization and to reform and to reform government. government. (31)(31)

As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to

A. control economic cycles of inflation and recession.

B. provide money for public services such as schools and libraries.

C. restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts.

D. prevent companies from moving their factories to other countries.

C

PROPAGANDAPROPAGANDAOne sided information and One sided information and

ideas spread in order to gain ideas spread in order to gain public support for a cause or public support for a cause or to damage an opposing to damage an opposing cause. (155)cause. (155)

Propaganda: Fact or Opinion?Propaganda: Fact or Opinion?Governor Stone is running for re-election. In a letter to

the editor of a local newspaper, a citizen writes:The past four years have been devastating for our state.

Governor Stone hasn’t done anything but make speeches and raise money for his next political campaign. The average family has less today than it did four years ago.

In another letter, Governor Stone replies:The economy of our state is stronger than it was four

years ago. The average family income has increased three percent, after adjustments for inflation. School funding has increased 23 percent. The state repaved 5,000 miles of four-lane highway. If re-elected, you can count on me to continue to improve the quality of life in our state.

Governor Stone’s statement could be reliable becauseA. it was printed in the newspaper.B. Governor Stone is an elected official.C. it contains information that can be verified.D. the original letter writer represents the average family.

C

RED SCARERED SCAREThe fear of communism in The fear of communism in America in the 1920s America in the 1920s leading to the arrest and leading to the arrest and deportation of radicals and deportation of radicals and foreigners. (64)foreigners. (64)

2009 Question2009 Question

Which was a common factor in the Which was a common factor in the United States that caused the Red United States that caused the Red Scare following World War I and Scare following World War I and McCarthyism following World War II?McCarthyism following World War II?

A. racial tension in major citiesA. racial tension in major cities

B. signs of economic downturnB. signs of economic downturn

C. fear of communist expansionC. fear of communist expansion

D. the counterculture movementD. the counterculture movement

C

REGIONREGIONA geographic area A geographic area

with common with common characteristics. characteristics. There are There are physical, physical, cultural, cultural, economic and economic and political regions. political regions. (95)(95)

The European Union’s objectives include reducing tariffs, promoting a single market, and creating a common currency.

Based on these objectives, what type of world region does the European Union primarily represent?

A. culturalB. physicalC. politicalD. economic

D

2008 Question2008 QuestionUse the following table to answer question 18.Population of Europe by Urban and Rural1950-2000 (in millions) 1950 1975 2000 Urban 280 446 529Rural 267 230 199Total 547 676 728Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects:

the 2003 Revision18. What factor would help explain the changes in the

rural population of Europe shown in the table above?A. People have moved from rural to urban areas.B. The overall population of Europe has decreased.C. Birth rates have increased in both urban and rural

areas.D. People have immigrated to Europe from other

regions of the world.

A

2009 Question2009 QuestionThe term “Latin America” is generally used to The term “Latin America” is generally used to

describe a unique cultural region which describe a unique cultural region which includes all of South America, Central includes all of South America, Central America, and Mexico. What characteristic America, and Mexico. What characteristic helps helps define Latin America as a region?define Latin America as a region?

A. Islam is the most widely practiced religion.A. Islam is the most widely practiced religion.

B. Most countries in this region have B. Most countries in this region have command economies.command economies.

C. Spanish and Portuguese are the most C. Spanish and Portuguese are the most widely spoken languages.widely spoken languages.

D. Most countries in this region are former D. Most countries in this region are former colonies of France or Italy.colonies of France or Italy.

C

RELIABLE SOURCERELIABLE SOURCEA source A source well-well-supportedsupported by verifiable by verifiable facts. (154)facts. (154)

The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published by the U.S. government, contains statistics gathered by numerous government agencies.

Why would the most recent edition of the Statistical Abstract be a more reliable source of information than previous editions?

A. The most recent edition would not contain any errors.

B. The most recent edition would be less biased than previous editions.

C. The most recent edition would be a secondary source of information.

D. The most recent edition would contain the most up-to-date information.

D

2009 Questions2009 QuestionsThe following is from an article in The following is from an article in

the newspaper. Funding for the newspaper. Funding for state parks has been one of state parks has been one of our governor’s top priorities our governor’s top priorities over the last four years.over the last four years.

When she entered office, state When she entered office, state park funding was at $21 park funding was at $21 million; this year, the parks’ million; this year, the parks’ budget will be over $40 budget will be over $40 million.million.

Which method enables a citizen Which method enables a citizen to analyze the reliability of to analyze the reliability of this information?this information?

A. Visit some state parks.A. Visit some state parks.

B. Listen to all of the governor’sB. Listen to all of the governor’s

speeches.speeches.

C. Read a recent book written byC. Read a recent book written by

the governor.the governor.

D. Verify the accuracy of theD. Verify the accuracy of the

information presented.information presented.

A town decides to build a new A town decides to build a new park.park.

The mayor appoints a committee The mayor appoints a committee toto

review possible designs. After tworeview possible designs. After two

months, the committee issues amonths, the committee issues a

report with its recommendations.report with its recommendations.

Which factor contributes to theWhich factor contributes to the

credibility of the report?credibility of the report?

A. the length of the reportA. the length of the report

B. the cost of the report to the cityB. the cost of the report to the city

C. the number of tables and C. the number of tables and charts includedcharts included

D. the qualifications of the D. the qualifications of the committee memberscommittee membersD D

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917)(1917)

Two successive Two successive revolutions that revolutions that first overthrew the first overthrew the Russian Tsar and Russian Tsar and then established then established the world’s first the world’s first Communist Communist government. (145)government. (145)

2008 Test Question2008 Test QuestionDuring World War I, two

revolutions took place in Russia while Russia was at war with Germany. Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, said: There can be no doubt that our army is absolutely in no condition... to beat back a German offensive successfully. ...

The excerpt above could be used to support the thesis that

A. Lenin had few skills as a military leader.

B. Russia shared in the responsibility for World War I.

C. Lenin believed that Russia should withdraw from World War I.

D. The Bolshevik Revolution had the support of the Russian army.

C

Russian Revolution - 1917Russian Revolution - 1917

SOCIAL CONTRACTSOCIAL CONTRACTThe theory The theory

developed developed during the during the Enlightenment Enlightenment that government that government is based on an is based on an agreement agreement between those between those who govern and who govern and those who are those who are governed. (24)governed. (24)

Many Latin American nations gained their independence early in the 19th century. The relationship between the people and their government changed. Slavery existed under colonial governments, but some of the new nations, such as Haiti, did not permit slavery.

The abolition of slavery was based on Enlightenment ideas of

A. liberty as a natural right of man.

B. separation of governmental powers.

C. personal rights as less important than civil order.

D. the authority of absolute monarchs.

A

SPACE RACESPACE RACEThe rivalry between the Soviet The rivalry between the Soviet

Union and United States in Union and United States in the 1960s to put astronauts the 1960s to put astronauts into space. (72)into space. (72)

Space RaceSpace Race

SPECIALIZATIONSPECIALIZATIONThe focusing of a nation’s The focusing of a nation’s economy on producing economy on producing what it does best. (121)what it does best. (121)