ogt question of the day!

OGT Question of the Day!OGT Question of the Day!

Make sure you write down the entire question Make sure you write down the entire question and your answer. After we go over it as a class and your answer. After we go over it as a class

make sure you have the correct response.make sure you have the correct response.

This will be a grade at the end of each 9 This will be a grade at the end of each 9 weeks.weeks.

You are responsible for any questions you You are responsible for any questions you miss due to absences.miss due to absences.

T-method/T-square MethodT-method/T-square Method To answer a 2 pt To answer a 2 pt

extended response extended response use the “T-Method”use the “T-Method”

Write the action verb Write the action verb on the line.on the line.

To answer a 4 pt To answer a 4 pt extended response extended response use the t-square use the t-square method.method.

Write the action verb Write the action verb in the top of each in the top of each square.square.

Describe Describe

Describe Describe

List List

OGT Performance VerbsOGT Performance Verbs • Analyze: Consider the different parts of a problem, situation, or equation in order to

determine the nature of the whole. Taking something apart to look at its component parts

• Compare: Examination of similarities and/or differences. Compare implies looking at only similaritieswhile compare and contrast implies looking at similarities and differences. 10th grade students should know the difference between point by point comparison or block comparison and should be able to write in either style.

• Describe: Give as many details as possible. If the question involves an object or a place, all five senses should be utilized. If the question involves a person or a story, dialogue or conversation may be necessary. If the question involves a person only, an anecdote may be helpful. A web or a list of details created before writing is a good way to ensure that the student provides enough description.

• Evaluate: The student uses given criteria or comes up with his/her own criteria to judge the role or value of something. This might include explaining the pros and cons and/or consequences of a decision or action. It might ask for a value judgment on a piece of literature or a decision made by a person in history.

• Explain: The student is asked to give reasons for something. It might be to clarify the function of something, to identify causes for events or relationships, or it might be to examine factors leading up to an incident or a result.

OGT Performance Verbs cont.OGT Performance Verbs cont. • Formulate: The student is asked to come up with a new concept, theory, or

hypothesis. This is to be done based on information, trends, patterns, observations, etc. An example could be devising a category to classify seemingly dissimilar events.

• Infer: Students are asked to provide an answer that is not explicitly named or stated in the question or the text. This is done by predicting events or extracting data from a given set of facts.

• Predict: The student is asked to use knowledge already provided in a piece of reading or in a chart or graph in order to make a statement about what will happen next. For instance, if a component in a process is changed, what will be the consequences?

• Summarize: Condense the information given in a piece of reading or on a chart or graph into a smaller piece of writing, for instance several paragraphs summarized in one paragraph or one paragraph summarized in one sentence. When asking students to summarize, they should be directed to look at the topic sentences in a piece of writing.

• Support: Use information from text or charts or graphs to give evidence for a conclusion or argument. Support is more than just the student's opinion. It should be facts, details, or quotations from what has been read or observed.

• Trace: Describe a path or sequence of events or give an accurate chronology

List some causes of weather.List some causes of weather.

Solar energy (heats air and land)Solar energy (heats air and land)Elevation (temperature falls with increased Elevation (temperature falls with increased

elevation)elevation)Nearness to large bodies of water Nearness to large bodies of water

(humidity and temperature affected)(humidity and temperature affected)Temperature (determines how much water Temperature (determines how much water

vapor air can hold)vapor air can hold)Air Pressure (produces wind and air mass Air Pressure (produces wind and air mass

patterns).patterns).

2,6,1,5,4,8,3,72,6,1,5,4,8,3,7 Organize the following steps to Organize the following steps to

scientifically solve a problem.scientifically solve a problem.1.1. Develop a hypothesis.Develop a hypothesis.2.2. Ask a question based on observations.Ask a question based on observations.3.3. Draw Conclusions.Draw Conclusions.4.4. Test hypothesis.Test hypothesis.5.5. Plan test with materials and methods.Plan test with materials and methods.6.6. Do background research.Do background research.7.7. Report FindingsReport Findings8.8. Record and analyze dataRecord and analyze data

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

The individuals listed below played a role The individuals listed below played a role n the development of evolutionary theory. n the development of evolutionary theory. Match them with their concept.Match them with their concept.

A.Charles DarwinB.Jean Baptiste

LamarkC.Charles LyellD.Thomas

MalthusE.Gregor Mendel

1. The Earth is very old, and it was formed by gradual processes that still operate today.

2. Events during an organisms lifetime can produce changes that can be inherited by its offspring.

3. The human population was growing so rapidly that it would someday exceed available resources.

4. Organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive to reproduce.

5. Offspring can resemble or differ from parents because of the “unit of inheritance” (gene).

1. When baking soda and vinegar are combined, the mixture foams.

2. A chemical reaction must be taken place when baking soda and vinegar are combined.

3. The ducks arrived at the Wilsons’ pond two weeks earlier this spring than last spring.

4. The leaves are falling earlier since the weather has been so cold.

5. The dog must have frightened the rabbit. It ran into a bush.

Evidence gathered by paying close Evidence gathered by paying close attention. Observations are based on fact – attention. Observations are based on fact – events that you see or hear, or events that you see or hear, or measurements that you make.measurements that you make.Uses evidence to draw a conclusion. Inferences are logical guesses that use facts to back them up.

Observation

Observation

Inference

Inference

Inference

What are fossils?What are fossils?

In what kind of rock are most fossils In what kind of rock are most fossils found?found?

How does the arrangement of fossils in How does the arrangement of fossils in rock strata provide evidence that evolution rock strata provide evidence that evolution has occurred?has occurred?

Fossils are the actual remains or traces of organisms that once lived.

Fossils are usually found in strata (layers) of sedimentary rock.

Fossils in the oldest layers are of simpler organisms than the fossils in the newer layer. Fossils in the newer layer are more like present organisms.

What is Newton’s Law of Universal What is Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation?Gravitation?

Compare your weight on the surface of the Compare your weight on the surface of the Earth to your weight on the surface of the Earth to your weight on the surface of the moon.moon.

Between any two objects in the universe there is gravity. The bigger the object is, the more gravity it has.

Your weight on the moon will be about 1/16 of your weight on the Earth. So if you weight 100 lbs. on Earth you would weigh 6.25 lbs.

FACTS ABOUT CELLS?FACTS ABOUT CELLS?

What are the 6 most common chemical What are the 6 most common chemical elements found in cells?elements found in cells?

What is the source of new cells?What is the source of new cells?

Are viruses cells?Are viruses cells?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur

All new cells come from existing cells.

NO

What is the Ozone layer and why is it important?

Why are there “holes” in the ozone layer over the South Pole?

What is being done about CFC’s?

The ozone is a layer in the stratosphere that absorbs The ozone is a layer in the stratosphere that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun, keeping most of the life ultraviolet rays from the sun, keeping most of the life harming rays from reaching the Earth’s surface.harming rays from reaching the Earth’s surface.

Chloroflourocarbons (CFC’s) once used in refrigerators, air Chloroflourocarbons (CFC’s) once used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosols were released into the atmosphere. conditioners, and aerosols were released into the atmosphere. These chemicals decreased the amount of ozone, which created a These chemicals decreased the amount of ozone, which created a hole (especially over Antarctica where the ozone tends to be hole (especially over Antarctica where the ozone tends to be naturally thin.naturally thin.

In 1986 International Congress in Montreal produced a In 1986 International Congress in Montreal produced a treaty to reduce and then ban CFC production by 1996.treaty to reduce and then ban CFC production by 1996.

Tell whether each statement is Mitosis or Tell whether each statement is Mitosis or Meiosis?Meiosis?

1.1. Haploid Daughter cells.Haploid Daughter cells.2.2. Daughter cells are identical.Daughter cells are identical.3.3. Homologous chromosomes for tetrands.Homologous chromosomes for tetrands.4.4. Two consecutive cell divisions.Two consecutive cell divisions.5.5. Chromosome number is maintainedChromosome number is maintained6.6. Produces genetic variation.Produces genetic variation.

Meiosis

Mitosis

MeiosisMeiosis

Meiosis

Mitosis

Define Radioactivity. Give one beneficial use of radioactivity.

Radioactivity is the spontaneous Radioactivity is the spontaneous release of energy by certain atoms, release of energy by certain atoms, such as uranium, as these atoms such as uranium, as these atoms disintegrate. disintegrate.

Radioactivity helps doctors to see the Radioactivity helps doctors to see the development of cancer by using a development of cancer by using a radioactive liquid to highlight masses radioactive liquid to highlight masses in the body.in the body.

Limiting factors keep populations from growing forever. Limiting factors keep populations from growing forever. In which of the following situations does the population In which of the following situations does the population

decline because of a decline because of a density-independent limiting factordensity-independent limiting factor? ? In which is the decline due to a In which is the decline due to a density-dependent density-dependent

limiting factorlimiting factor??1.1. About 10,000 sea lions live on an island About 10,000 sea lions live on an island

in the Arctic Ocean. Most of them die in the Arctic Ocean. Most of them die when a volcano erupts on the island.when a volcano erupts on the island.

2.2. A herd of antelope lives on a prairie A herd of antelope lives on a prairie between two mountain ranges. As the between two mountain ranges. As the population continues to grow, many population continues to grow, many antelope die from starvation.antelope die from starvation.

density-independent limiting factor: the population decline is density-independent limiting factor: the population decline is caused by an environmental factor unrelated to the size of the caused by an environmental factor unrelated to the size of the population.population.

density-dependent limiting factor: population growth declines density-dependent limiting factor: population growth declines as the density of the antelope population increases. The as the density of the antelope population increases. The availability of food is directly related to the size of the availability of food is directly related to the size of the population.population.

What is the name of the scale that measures the strength of acids and bases?

What would be the pH of an acid, a base, and a neutral substance?

Give examples of substances or situations where you may test for acids and bases.

pH scale

Acid – below 7 on the pH scale (lemon juice, tomatoes, vinegars, fruits.)

Base – above 7 on the pH scale (baking soda, soap, ammonia

Neutral 7 (pure distilled water)

Fish tanks, swimming pools

Describe ways of estimating Describe ways of estimating geologic time.geologic time.

Radiometric datingRadiometric dating:: a technique based on the a technique based on the half-life or radioactive isotopes that is used to half-life or radioactive isotopes that is used to determine the age of materials.determine the age of materials.

Rock sequencingRock sequencing: : analyzing the order of rock analyzing the order of rock strata to estimate their relative ages; Rocks lower strata to estimate their relative ages; Rocks lower in the order tend to be older than those near the in the order tend to be older than those near the toptop..

Fossils:Fossils: remains or traces of prehistoric remains or traces of prehistoric organisms that are often formed when cell organisms that are often formed when cell structures of buried organisms are replaced by structures of buried organisms are replaced by minerals.minerals.

1.1. Define a wave.Define a wave.

2.2. Name some types of waves.Name some types of waves.

3.3. Why type of wave does not need matter Why type of wave does not need matter to travel?to travel?

A wave is a traveling disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another.

Sound, electromagnetic, seismic, water, and light waves.

Light and electromagnetic waves do not need matter to travel.

List some severe weather patterns.List some severe weather patterns.Explain each pattern and tell where it is Explain each pattern and tell where it is

found.found.

Tropical storms (hurricanes)Tropical storms (hurricanes) start as low-pressure areas over warm ocean water.

Tornadoes Tornadoes are rotating air funnels that descend from storm clouds, often reaching the ground. The are found throughout the world but they are common in Oklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois, and Ohio.

Monsoons are wind systems that seasonally reverse direction. Monsoon winds bring rain from the ocean in the summer, and bring drought from land during the winter. Monsoons can be found over the Asian continent and Australia.

Suppose a population of small lizards lives on an island of black volcanic Suppose a population of small lizards lives on an island of black volcanic rock. The lizards range in color from light gray to dark gray. As birds of rock. The lizards range in color from light gray to dark gray. As birds of prey feed on the lizards, they choose the light grey ones far more often prey feed on the lizards, they choose the light grey ones far more often than the dark gray ones. What will most likely happen to the skin color than the dark gray ones. What will most likely happen to the skin color

trait in this lizard population.trait in this lizard population.

In this situation, the dark grey lizards In this situation, the dark grey lizards are better adapted for survival. Over are better adapted for survival. Over time their numbers will most likely time their numbers will most likely increase while the number of lighter increase while the number of lighter grey lizards will decrease. The grey lizards will decrease. The accumulation of favorable variations accumulation of favorable variations in a population illustrates natural in a population illustrates natural selection.selection.

Match each process with its Match each process with its exampleexample

1)1) HomeostasisHomeostasis

2)2) Energy TransferEnergy Transfer

3)3) Transportation of Transportation of moleculesmolecules

4)4) Disposal of Disposal of WasteWaste

5)5) Synthesis of new Synthesis of new moleculesmolecules

a)a) Kidneys filter nitrogen Kidneys filter nitrogen from cells.from cells.

b)b) Amino acids link to form Amino acids link to form proteinsproteins

c)c) Light energy is converted Light energy is converted to chemical energy in to chemical energy in glucose.glucose.

d)d) Water moves through cell Water moves through cell membranes.membranes.

e)e) A dog pants after a long A dog pants after a long run.run. The dog pants to cool of

in order to return his system to its normal balance.

A.A. What is an element? Give an example.What is an element? Give an example.

B.B. How are atoms and molecules related to How are atoms and molecules related to elements?elements?

An element is a basic substance made of a single type of atom. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and gold are all elements.

Molecules are chemical combinations of two or more atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen can combine to make a molecule of water (H20).

What is the relationship between the What is the relationship between the processes of processes of respirationrespiration and and

photosynthesisphotosynthesis??

Respiration produces carbon dioxide and Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water; water; which are the raw material used in which are the raw material used in photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) are photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) are the raw materials of respiration.the raw materials of respiration.

Identify some physical properties of Identify some physical properties of substances and give examples.substances and give examples.

Color (gold is often yellow)Color (gold is often yellow)Hardness (diamonds are the hardest Hardness (diamonds are the hardest

mineral)mineral)Conductivity (copper conducts electricity)Conductivity (copper conducts electricity)Density (lead is dense)Density (lead is dense)Ductility (copper can be molded into a Ductility (copper can be molded into a

wire)wire)Magnetism (iron, cobalt, and nickel are Magnetism (iron, cobalt, and nickel are

magnetic)magnetic)

Define Biome.Define Biome.

Name 6 common biomes. Describe the Name 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each.climate of each.

A biome is a distinct ecological community of plants and animals living together in a particular climate.

•Arctic tundra: dry and wet seasons; cold•Deciduous forest: moisture evenly distributed throughout the year; warm summers, cold winters•Desert: sporadic, highly localized moisture; great daily range of temperatures.•Coniferous forest: moisture that varies throughout the year; cold winters, cool summers•Tropical rainforest: long wet season with a short dry season, hot.•Temperate grassland: wet and dry seasons; hot

The noble gas neon is used inProblem 4 for filling neon signs. Like other noble elements, it has a full octet (complete outer energy level) of electrons, which makes the gas

A. freeze at room temperature.B. react with other gases in the air.C. unlikely to combine with other elements.D. solidify at standard pressure and temperature.

C. unlikely to combine with other elements.

1. Gertrude cut two bars of different types of soap into four pieces each. She put one piece from each bar into each of four beakers, labeled Beaker W, Beaker X, Beaker Y, and Beaker Z. Each beaker contained a different unknown liquid. According to the results shown in the picture, which beaker contained the liquid that was densest?

A. Beaker WB. Beaker XC. Beaker YD. Beaker Z

A. Beaker W

Draw a simple model of an oxygen atom showing the Draw a simple model of an oxygen atom showing the placement of the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and placement of the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons.electrons.

Which part gives atomic number of the element?Which part gives atomic number of the element?

How would you make your atom an ion? An Isotope?How would you make your atom an ion? An Isotope?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

# of Protons

An atom becomes an ion (electrically charged) when it loses or gains and electron. An isotope has extra neutrons, increasing the mass of an atom.

1. At which level is the most energy available?2. At which level is the least energy available?3. What percent of the producer energy is available to the filter feeders?

4. What percent of the producer energy is available to the first order carnivore?

Producer level (bottom level)

3rd level consumer

10 percent (100/1000)

1 percent (10/1000)

What is the name of the scale that measures What is the name of the scale that measures the strength of acids and bases?the strength of acids and bases?

pH scalepH scale

What would be the pH of an acid, a base, and What would be the pH of an acid, a base, and a neutral substance?a neutral substance?

Acid = less than 7; base = more than 7; neutral Acid = less than 7; base = more than 7; neutral = 7= 7

Give examples of substances or situation Give examples of substances or situation where you may test for acids and bases.where you may test for acids and bases.

Fish tanks, swimming poolsFish tanks, swimming pools

How do science and invention How do science and invention affect one another?affect one another?

Invention uses scientific principles to make Invention uses scientific principles to make something work better or to create a new tool something work better or to create a new tool (the discovery of electromagnetic waves let to (the discovery of electromagnetic waves let to the invention of TV.)the invention of TV.)

Using new tools (inventions) allows scientists to Using new tools (inventions) allows scientists to determine unknown scientific principles. (The determine unknown scientific principles. (The Hubble telescope allows scientists to learn more Hubble telescope allows scientists to learn more about the universe)about the universe)

Limiting factors keep populations from Limiting factors keep populations from growing forever. In which of the following growing forever. In which of the following situations does the population decline situations does the population decline because of a because of a density-independent limiting density-independent limiting factor? factor? In which is the decline due to a In which is the decline due to a density-dependent limiting factor?density-dependent limiting factor?

1.1. About 10,000 sea lions live on an island in the Arctic Ocean. Most About 10,000 sea lions live on an island in the Arctic Ocean. Most

of them die when a volcano erupts on the island.of them die when a volcano erupts on the island.

Density independent Density independent because the death was caused by a because the death was caused by a natural disaster.natural disaster.

2.2. A herd of antelope lives on a prairie between two mountain ranges. A herd of antelope lives on a prairie between two mountain ranges. As the population continues to grow, many antelope die from As the population continues to grow, many antelope die from starvation.starvation.

Density dependent Density dependent there is not enough food for a growing there is not enough food for a growing population of antelope so some must die off. Availability of food is population of antelope so some must die off. Availability of food is directly related to the size of the population.directly related to the size of the population.

Distinguish between Distinguish between biotic factorsbiotic factors and and abiotic abiotic factors factors in an organism’s environment. List all in an organism’s environment. List all

biotic factors. Give examples of abiotic biotic factors. Give examples of abiotic factors.factors.

biotic factors biotic factors are the living factorsare the living factors abiotic factors abiotic factors are the non living factors that affect the are the non living factors that affect the

organisms in an environment.organisms in an environment. Biotic factors are prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants and Biotic factors are prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants and

animals.animals. Abiotic factors include temperature, water, and light.Abiotic factors include temperature, water, and light.

What is the Law of Conservation of What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?Energy?

In any physical or chemical change, In any physical or chemical change, energy can not be created or destroyed.energy can not be created or destroyed.

Mg2+ + 2Cl- => MgCl2

C. Application of insecticides to wet areas where mosquitos breed

Scientific Law vs. Scientific Scientific Law vs. Scientific TheoryTheory

A A Scientific TheoryScientific Theory is a well-tested is a well-tested explanationexplanation for a set of observations. for a set of observations. Ex. It is against the law Ex. It is against the law to drink and drive because driving while to drink and drive because driving while intoxicated causes car crashes.intoxicated causes car crashes.

A A Scientific LawScientific Law is a statement that is a statement that summarizessummarizes a pattern found in nature a pattern found in nature withoutwithout attempting to attempting to explainexplain it. Ex. Do not drink and drive. it. Ex. Do not drink and drive.

1.1. Define Define fissionfission and and fusionfusion..

2.2. FissionFission or or fusionfusion??1.1. New elements being formed in the intense New elements being formed in the intense

heat of stars.heat of stars.

2.2. Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy like a nuclear bomb.energy like a nuclear bomb.

3.3. Power generated in a nuclear submarine’s Power generated in a nuclear submarine’s reactor.reactor.

Fission is a reaction the produces energy when nuclei split apart into fragments.

Fusion is a process in which two nuclei come together.

Fusion

Fission

Fission

C. Potassium

Define the following terms:Define the following terms:

A.A. Tectonic platesTectonic plates

B.B. Theory of plate tectonicsTheory of plate tectonics

C.C. Mantle convectionMantle convection

Moving sheets of rock that form the Earth’s surface.

The theory that explains how a few thin, rigid tectonic plates move across the Earth. Plates move because of mantle convection. Pangea = all continents were once connected but now are separated by oceans.

A force deep in the Earth, caused by internal heat energy, moves continents and the plates.

At 25°C, water has a density of 1.0 g/mL and vegetable oil has a density of 0.90 g/mL. How would a substance with a density of 0.95 g/mL behave when placed in both oil and water? A. sink in both oil and water B. sink in oil and float on water C. float on oil and sink in water D. float on both oil and water

B. Sink in oil and float on water

Define Define conductionconduction, , convectionconvection and and radiationradiation..

Conduction is the transfer of heat across two materials Conduction is the transfer of heat across two materials which have physical contact with each other. Ex. Metal which have physical contact with each other. Ex. Metal pot on the stove is heated when the burner is on.pot on the stove is heated when the burner is on.

Convection is the process by which heat is transferred Convection is the process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a heated fluid (gas or liquid). Ex. by the movement of a heated fluid (gas or liquid). Ex. Steam rises from a pot of boiling water.Steam rises from a pot of boiling water.

Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. This form of transfer does not need a medium waves. This form of transfer does not need a medium (material) for travel. Ex. Earth is heated by (material) for travel. Ex. Earth is heated by electromagnetic waves that ravel through space from the electromagnetic waves that ravel through space from the sun.sun.

Label the graph in Figure 4-4, which depicts the population growth for a sample of paramecium. Use these terms: initial growth stage, exponential growth stage, leveling-off stage, carrying capacity.

initial growth stage

exponential growth

leveling-off stagecarrying capacity

B. The Universe Is Expanding

State Newton’s Laws of MotionState Newton’s Laws of Motion

1.1. Unless acted on by an outside force, a Unless acted on by an outside force, a body at rest remains at rest and a body body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains in motion. (Inertia)in motion remains in motion. (Inertia)

2.2. Change of motion is proportional to the Change of motion is proportional to the force used to produce the change.force used to produce the change.

3.3. For every action there is an equal For every action there is an equal reaction.reaction.

A. density

Define Define potential energy potential energy and and kinetic kinetic energyenergy. Give and example of each.. Give and example of each.Potential energy is the energy of position. Potential energy is the energy of position.

Ex. A pendulum at the top of its swing.Ex. A pendulum at the top of its swing.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Ex. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Ex. The pendulum actually moving.The pendulum actually moving.

Define Define RadioactivityRadioactivity::Give an example of one Give an example of one beneficialbeneficial use of use of

radioactivityradioactivity

Radioactivity is the spontaneous release Radioactivity is the spontaneous release of energy by certain atoms, such as of energy by certain atoms, such as uranium, as these atoms disentegrate.uranium, as these atoms disentegrate.

Radioactivity helps doctors to see the Radioactivity helps doctors to see the development of cancer by using a development of cancer by using a radioactive liquid traveling through the radioactive liquid traveling through the body to highlight masses in an x-ray.body to highlight masses in an x-ray.

A. Sheep competed with the deer.A. Sheep competed with the deer.

How does electric current flow?How does electric current flow?

Explain what make some materials Explain what make some materials conductors of electricity and other conductors of electricity and other materials insulators.materials insulators.

Electric current flows when electrons move freely.

Materials with loosely held electrons are conductors. (Copper)

Materials with tightly bound electrons are insulators. (Clay, rubber)

1.1. What are fossils?What are fossils?

2.2. In what kind of rock are most fossils found?In what kind of rock are most fossils found?

3.3. How does the arrangement of fossils in rock layer How does the arrangement of fossils in rock layer provide evidence that evolution has occurred?provide evidence that evolution has occurred?

4.4. How can you tell which fossils are the oldest?How can you tell which fossils are the oldest?

Fossils are the actual remains or traces of organisms that once lived.

Fossils are usually found in layers of sedimentary rock.

Fossils in the oldest layer are simpler organisms. Fossils in the newer layer are more like present organisms.

The oldest layers are always on the bottom of sedimentary rock and the young layers on top.

Match each process with its Match each process with its exampleexample

1.1. HomeostasisHomeostasis

2.2. Energy transferEnergy transfer

3.3. Transportation of Transportation of moleculesmolecules

4.4. Disposal of wasteDisposal of waste

5.5. Synthesis of new Synthesis of new moleculesmolecules

A.A. Kidneys filter nitrogen Kidneys filter nitrogen from cells.from cells.

B.B. Amino Acids link to form Amino Acids link to form proteins.proteins.

C.C. Light energy is Light energy is converted to chemical converted to chemical energy in glucose.energy in glucose.

D.D. Water moves through Water moves through cell membranes.cell membranes.

E.E. A dog pants after a long A dog pants after a long run.run.

Conduction, Conduction, Convection, Convection, Radiation?Radiation?

A.A. The metal handle of a pot on the stove The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes hot.becomes hot.

B.B. You warm yourself by a campfire.You warm yourself by a campfire.C.C. Warm air at the Earth’s equator: cold air at the Warm air at the Earth’s equator: cold air at the

poles, sinks.poles, sinks.D.D. Medical x-rays are used to produce images of Medical x-rays are used to produce images of

the body.the body.E.E. An air mass touches the ocean surface that is An air mass touches the ocean surface that is

part of a warm ocean current. The air heats up part of a warm ocean current. The air heats up and rises. Cooler air moves in to take its and rises. Cooler air moves in to take its place.place.

conduction

radiation

convection

radiation

convection and radiation

Use T-Method

Describe Describe

Covalent bond is when two elements share and electron to get 8 in their outershell.

Ionic bond is when Na gives Cl an electron. So both Na and Cl have 8 electrons in their outershell.

A. O%A. O%

C. Making a turn to the east.C. Making a turn to the east.

D. Light Energy is converted to D. Light Energy is converted to chemical energy.chemical energy.

Explain how the body plan of the sea anemone Explain how the body plan of the sea anemone shows radial symmetry and the body plan of the shows radial symmetry and the body plan of the

toad shows bilateral symmetry.toad shows bilateral symmetry. The body parts of a sea The body parts of a sea

anenome are arranged around anenome are arranged around an imaginary central axis. an imaginary central axis. Such animals can be divided Such animals can be divided among many planes.among many planes.

The toad has left and right The toad has left and right halves. Animals that have halves. Animals that have bilateral symmetry can be bilateral symmetry can be divided into mirror images only divided into mirror images only along the midline.along the midline.

Match the following effects on Match the following effects on ecosystems to their possible causes.ecosystems to their possible causes.

a. Acid precipitation

b. Biomagnification

c. Global warming

d. Loss of biodiversity

e. Ozone thinning

1. Habitat destruction

2. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides from power plants and vehicles.

3. Increased levels of atmospheric CO2

4. Chlorofluorocarbons

5. Ingestion of pollutans by organisms at the bottom of a food chain.

1.1. What is the Big Bang Theory?What is the Big Bang Theory?

2.2. What evidence exists to support this What evidence exists to support this theory?theory?

The universe began from a small, dense collection of matter, and it has been expanding ever since.

Isotopes of hydrogen, helium, and lithium are abundant in the universe; Edwin Hubble observed universal expansion; scientists discovered that Earth Receives microwave radiation from all directions

C. The foot pushes backward on the C. The foot pushes backward on the sidewalk; the sidewalk pushes forward sidewalk; the sidewalk pushes forward

on the foot.on the foot.

Describe a similarity and a difference of Describe a similarity and a difference of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.

Describe Describe

Both a prokaryotic and a Eukaryotic cell have a membrane.

A Prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus or organelles and a eukaryotic cell does.

•How will the mice be treated?

•To verify proper feeding and care of the mice.

•What is the potential for the mice to die?

•It is important the mice do not suffer needlessly.

A. Matching fossils on the continents of Africa and South America

D. Reduce pollutants commonly D. Reduce pollutants commonly associated with fossil fuel combustion.associated with fossil fuel combustion.

C. These five landmasses were once C. These five landmasses were once joined together in a single landmass.joined together in a single landmass.

What is the greenhouse effect? Why is it What is the greenhouse effect? Why is it important to life?important to life?

How is theory of global warming related to How is theory of global warming related to this effect? What human activities might this effect? What human activities might contribute to global warming.contribute to global warming.

Carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere prevent the sun’s heat energy from radiating back into space from Earth.

The burning of fossil fuels increases the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Because CO2 absorbs heat, the atmosphere may become warmer. Humans contribute to carbon dioxide by burning gasoline and heating homes with fossil fuels.

C. Convection Currents

C. Data from experiments that have C. Data from experiments that have not been performed.not been performed.

A section of one strand of DNA has this A section of one strand of DNA has this sequence of bases: GCATAGGAA. What sequence of bases: GCATAGGAA. What is the base sequence of the is the base sequence of the complimentary strand.complimentary strand.

Explain how DNA replication occurs.Explain how DNA replication occurs.

Complimentary strand = CGTATCCTT

1. The DNA helix unwinds.2. The molecules pair up with correct bases.3. Two identical daughter DNA helices are formed.

1.1. Describe how force, acceleration and Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate in the action of kicking a mass relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball.soccer ball.

2.2. What is friction? How does it affect What is friction? How does it affect acceleration of a soccer ball?acceleration of a soccer ball?

Force from the foot applied to the mass (the ball) results in acceleration (change in motion). The greater the force applied, the greater acceleration will be. If you kick the soccer ball with more force, it will speed up faster.

Friction is a surface force directly opposing relative motion. If the ball is rolling forward friction is pushing backward. Friction decreases the speed of a moving object because it pushes in the opposite direction.

One could conclude that sound istransmitted fastest inA. solids.B. liquids.C. gases.D. a vacuum.

A. solids

Use this information for problems 1, 2, and 3.Use this information for problems 1, 2, and 3. We did an experiment to see if the distance a toy car rolled was affected We did an experiment to see if the distance a toy car rolled was affected

by the size of the car’s wheels. First, we set up a ramp at 45°. Each of by the size of the car’s wheels. First, we set up a ramp at 45°. Each of the toy cars was rolled down the same ramp. At the bottom of the ramp, the toy cars was rolled down the same ramp. At the bottom of the ramp, the cars rolled onto the classroom floor. We used a metric ruler to the cars rolled onto the classroom floor. We used a metric ruler to measure the distance each car rolled. The cars we used all had the same measure the distance each car rolled. The cars we used all had the same mass, but the wheels on each car were a different diameter. Our mass, but the wheels on each car were a different diameter. Our hypothesis was: If a toy car has larger wheels, then it will roll a greater hypothesis was: If a toy car has larger wheels, then it will roll a greater distance.distance.

1. 1. Which of the statements below represents the manipulated variable?Which of the statements below represents the manipulated variable? A. masses of the toy carsA. masses of the toy cars B. distance traveled by the toy carsB. distance traveled by the toy cars C. height of the rampC. height of the ramp D. surface at the bottom of the rampD. surface at the bottom of the ramp E. size of the toy car’s wheelsE. size of the toy car’s wheels

22. Which of the statements below represents the responding variable?. Which of the statements below represents the responding variable? A. masses of the toy carsA. masses of the toy cars B. distance traveled by the toy carsB. distance traveled by the toy cars C. height of the rampC. height of the ramp D. surface at the bottom of the rampD. surface at the bottom of the ramp E. size of the toy car’s wheelsE. size of the toy car’s wheels

3. All of the statements below are controlled variables EXCEPT?3. All of the statements below are controlled variables EXCEPT? A. the height of the rampA. the height of the ramp B. he masses of the toy carsB. he masses of the toy cars C. the distance the cars travelC. the distance the cars travel D. the type of floor they roll onD. the type of floor they roll on

E. size of the toy car’s E. size of the toy car’s wheelswheels

B. distance traveled B. distance traveled by the toy carsby the toy cars

C. the distance the C. the distance the cars travelcars travel

A. The water reduces friction.A. The water reduces friction.

1.1. How are stars created?How are stars created?

2.2. How do stars produce energy?How do stars produce energy?

3.3. How are stars responsible for the How are stars responsible for the creation of elements?creation of elements?

A new star forms when a huge cloud made of hydrogen and other matter collapses in space. Gravity at the center of the new star creates great heat.

The intense heat inside a star causes the hydrogen protons to move so rapidly that they join together; or fuse. This process, fusion, is a nuclear reaction that creates energy . The star starts to glow.

Ongoing fusion of pr0tons in stars results in many different proton combinations. Each different combination produces a different element.

1.1. Which ideas is NOT one of the main points of Which ideas is NOT one of the main points of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?selection?

a.a. Overproduction is common in nature.Overproduction is common in nature.

b.b. Organisms within a population must compete to Organisms within a population must compete to survive.survive.

c.c. Variations in populations are the result of random Variations in populations are the result of random mutations.mutations.

d.d. Organisms with favorable adaptations have a better Organisms with favorable adaptations have a better chance of surviving to reproduce.chance of surviving to reproduce.

2. What other naturalist developed a theory of natural 2. What other naturalist developed a theory of natural selection identical to Darwin’s theory?selection identical to Darwin’s theory?

c. Darwin recognized that variations occurred in populations. However, he was unable to explain the reason for these variations since he had no knowledge of mutations or other genetic processes.

Alfred Russel Wallace

D

D

D D D

D

D = Dominant d = Recessive

d

d

d

d dd

True or False:The offspring of a Dd x Dd could have different genotypes and phenotypes.

True.The Punnet Square show three different genotypes: DD, Dd, dd.

If D is dominant, then the phenotypes of DD and Dd could be different than the phenotype of dd.

A student is testing the conductivity of two solid substances. Substance A has high conductivity and substance B has low conductivity. Based on this information, what must be true regarding these two substances?

A. Electrons in substance A are able to move more easily than electrons in substance B.

B. There is more energy stored in chemical bonds in substance A than there is in substance B.

C. The atomic nuclei in substance A have more mass than the atomic nuclei in substance B.

D. Substance A contains a higher percentage of radioactive atoms than does substance B.

A. Electrons in substance A are able to move more easily than electrons in substance B.

D. Alcoholic FermentationD. Alcoholic Fermentation

12. Based on the illustration to the right, which of the following

is a reasonable observation?

A.The tree is in Seattle, Washington.

B. This is an area that gets a large amount of rain each year.

C. This tree is home to seven varieties of birds.

D. It is raining.D. It is raining.

1. What is the periodic table of elements?1. What is the periodic table of elements?

2. Identify the parts of the element square.2. Identify the parts of the element square.

The periodic table of elements is an organizational table developed by Mendeleev in 1869. Elements are arranged in row by increasing atomic number and in columns by chemical properties.

1.00764

Atomic number

Atomic symbol

Atomic mass

What is What is physical changephysical change in matter? Give in matter? Give examples.examples.

What is What is chemical changechemical change in matter? Give in matter? Give examples.examples.

A change in the phase (state) of matter or a change in which parts do not lose their identity (Examples: ice melting to water)

A reaction causes a change in the properties of matter; it is usually difficult to reverse (spilling bleach on a pair of jeans; a stick burning in a campfire.

D. Pasteurization

Could the speed of sound be used to estimate dry air temperature, based on the data above?

A. No, because the speed of sound in dry air is the same regardless of temperature.

B. No, because as temperature increases, the speed of sound in dry air increases.

C. Yes, because as temperature increases, the speed of sound in dry air increases.

D. Yes, because as temperature decreases, the speed of sound in dry air increases.

C. Yes, because as temperature increases, the speed of sound in dry air increases.

The water level in a graduated cylinder rises from 10 cm3 to 35 cm3 when asolid lead ball is added. What is the approximate volume of the lead ball?A. 3.5 cm3

B. 25 cm3

C. 35 cm3

D. 45 cm3

B. 25 cm3

C.3C.3

D. Disclose all medical procedures and provide D. Disclose all medical procedures and provide information on risks and potential side effects.information on risks and potential side effects.

B. Cup A was a better insulator than B. Cup A was a better insulator than cup Bcup B

DESCRIBEEXPLAIN

Define Define EndothermicEndothermic reaction. reaction.

Define Define ExothermicExothermic reaction. reaction.

A chemical reaction in which the final energy of the products of the reaction is greater than the intitial energy; energy must be supplied to make the reaction proceed (Ex. The chemical reactions that occur when you bake a cake.)

A chemical reaction that gives off energy in some form (Ex. The chemical reactions in a burning sheet of paper)

D. Surface Temperature

A. Gravity

Give some examples of conserving Give some examples of conserving energy resources.energy resources.

RecyclingRecyclingBuying fuel efficient automobilesBuying fuel efficient automobilesRiding a bike instead of drivingRiding a bike instead of driving Insulating bridgesInsulating bridges

Identify

ExplainExplain

Identify

There will be less oxygen in the air.

Living things will not be able to survive without oxygen.

Plant and animal habitats will be destroyed.

Plants and animals may die. These plants and animals may cure certain diseases.

C. flagellumC. flagellum

C. The skier gains potential energy as she is lifted C. The skier gains potential energy as she is lifted up the slope and loses potential energy as she up the slope and loses potential energy as she

skis down the slope.skis down the slope.

B. Cyclic Nature of Earth’s Processes

C. Conduction causes heat to leave C. Conduction causes heat to leave the handthe hand

•Same mean temperature

•Different levels of precipitation.

A. MutualismA. Mutualism

D. The flat sheet of paper has greater surface area and D. The flat sheet of paper has greater surface area and encounters more air resistance than when it is crumpled.encounters more air resistance than when it is crumpled.

D. Organs are made from different D. Organs are made from different types of tissues.types of tissues.

Predict Explain

Significant friction will slow the box down.

Significant friction will cause a greater force to act in the opposite direction

D. 1.25 sD. 1.25 s

A. Always the sameA. Always the same

D. Build walls out of porous materials, D. Build walls out of porous materials, upholster the seats and add carpets.upholster the seats and add carpets.

D. The absence of a nuclear D. The absence of a nuclear membranemembrane

C. Fermentation and cellular C. Fermentation and cellular respiration.respiration.

A. Matching fossils on the continents of Africa and A. Matching fossils on the continents of Africa and South AmericaSouth America

A. VA. V

D. ThermalD. Thermal

A. The youngest sedimentary layer A. The youngest sedimentary layer was deposited by glaciers.was deposited by glaciers.

D. Surface temperatureD. Surface temperature

D. Gravitational attractionD. Gravitational attraction

C. More direct C. More direct observations observations have been have been

enabled enabled scientists to scientists to change solar change solar

system models.system models.

C. RespirationC. Respiration

B. Geyser formationB. Geyser formation

ogt question of the day!

Documents

piece of reading

entire question

ogt question

use information

smaller piece of writing

piece of literature

grade students

action verb