28年度海外ラーニングサテライト 報告

北極圏大学Thematic Network on Permafrost 永久凍土に関するサマースクール

杉本敦子 北極域研究センター

Learning Satellite at Yakutsk in 2016

• Aug 1-12• 北大生15名（留学生2名）• 15名のうち3名（留学生1名）

はUArcticコースに参加• 北東連邦大学から6名• ロシア北東連邦大学 5名• 講師は 北大、北東連邦大

学、アラスカ大学などから

JRE3 基礎科目 ヤクーツク実習

UArctic Thematic Network on Permafrost summer Field School

Aug 1-19, including RJE3 summer course

Lectures and exercises including• permafrost• hydrology• utilization

& cultures• ecosystem• carbon cycle• natural hazard

• 15名（うち3名は北大生）• 日本、中国、米国、UK、

ドイツ、インド、モンゴル• 単位は北東連邦大学で

出し、環境科学院で1単位を認定

Field course on Permafrost ecosystem

Yakutsk

Vladivostok

Permafrost永久凍土の分布

Distribution of coniferous forest針葉樹林の分布

Permafrost Ecosystem in Eastern Siberia東シベリア永久凍土帯生態系

P=213mm/yrDry Climate 乾燥気候

・Yakutsk

Russian Federation Sakha Republic

Caital: Yakutsk city62N 130EPopulation: about 0.3 million peoplelargest city on permafrost

北東連邦大学North-Eastern Federal University

Sakha RepublicPopulation: 1 millionYakut, Russian, Ukrainian, Even, Evenk, and other many ethnic groups

Spasskaya Pad Experimental Forest

Station of IBPC SBRASYakutsk, Russia

from 1998IGBP GCTE TEMAWCRP GEWEX GAME/SiberiaIFES-GCOE long-term

observational site

Aug 1 (Mon) – Yakutsk NEFU (ULK 1st floor at room 118)09:30-10:00 Registration (by NEFU staff) at corridor10:00-10:30 Opening Ceremony (by Kugrunov, Yohsikawa, Prisyazhniy, Sugimoto,

Maximov) at University Academic Council room10:30-11:30 Lecture (by Sidorova) “History of Yakutia” 11:30-12:00 Guidance 12:00-13:00 Lecture (by Yoshikawa) “Climate of permafrost areas” 14:00-15:00 Lecture (by Kholodov) “Russian database and it’s research

background (TSP Russia)”15:00-16:00 Exercise (by Kholodov) “Using Russian Permafrost Network”

Aug 2 (Thu) – Yakutsk NEFU (ULK room 118)09:00-10:00 Lecture (by Yoshikawa) "History of permafrost research"10:00-11:00 Lecture (by Stanilovskaya) "Permafrost Engineering for Russian oil

pipeline"11:00-13:00 Exercise (by Stanilovskaya) "Permafrost Engineering for Russian oil

pipeline"14:00-15:00 Lecture (by Prisyazhniy) “Siberian permafrost and community”15:00-16:00 Exercise (by Prisyazhniy) “Siberian permafrost and community”16:00-17:00 Lecture (by Sugimoto) “Permafrost ecosystem”17:00- Formulation of group tasks for RJE3 field short course

日程

Aug 3 (Wed) – Yakutsk to Spasskaya Pad09:00- Move to Spasskaya Pad forest station (2 buses)10:00-11:00 Field excursion to Spasskaya Pad (4 km hike) (by Kononov)11:00-13:00 Quick field tour introducing Spasskaya Pad station's study sites14:00-15:00 Lecture (by Sato) “Land and atmosphere interactions in cold

environment”15:00-16:00 Leture (by Kononov) “Studies of climate and greenhouse gases”16:00-17:00 Lecture (by Maximov) “Research history and direction of

international joint research at Spasskaya Pad”18:00-20:30 Welcome dinner at Spasskaya Pad: Culture event

UArctic20:30- UArctic students will leave for Yakutsk 21:00- 1 bus for UArctic students to Yakutsk

RJE3Aug 4 (Thu) – – Aug 7 (Sun) ｰ Spasskaya PadAug 7 (Sun) move to Yakutsk

UArcticAug 4 (Thu) – Aug 7 (Sun) -- field trip & lectures at Taatta (1 bus)Aug 7 (Sun) move to Yakutsk

４Kmのハイキング授業

スパスカヤパッド滞在４つのグループに分かれて、

生態系観測ミニ研究プロジェクトを実施

Aug 8 (Mon) – Yakutsk NEFU (ULK room 118)09:00-10:00 Lecture (by Yoshikawa) “Permafrost high mountains from Tropical to

Arctic, Antarctica”10:00-11:00 Lecture (by Yoshikawa) “Permafrost drilling techniques”11:00-13:00 Lecture (by Jin, Yoshikawa) “Geophysical Investigations for

Permafrost ”14:00-15:00 Lecture (by Jin) “Permafrost Engineering for Chinese oil pipeline”15:00- 2 Exercises (by Yoshikawa) “Thermistor calibration and borehole

instrumentation”, “Ground temperature analyses”

Aug 9 (Tue) – Yakutsk Field workField work near Yakutsk (by Yoshikawa) “Drilling in alas/pingo” (2 buses)

Aug 10 (Wed) – Yakutsk Laboratory work at MPI08:50- Leave for Melinikov Permafrost Institute09:15-09:45 Greeting from Premafrost Institute (by Zhelezniak) & “Permafrost

Institute tour” 9:45-13:00 Laboratory work “Permafrost cores and soil samples” 14:00- Lecture & Exercise (by Fedrov) “Thermokarst lakes in Central Yakutia,

Agriculture and Alas usage”15:00- Permafrost tunnel tour (by Zhelezniak)

永久凍土研究所見学

永久凍土掘削

Aug 11 (Thu) – Yakutsk NEFU (ULK room 118)09:00-11:00 2 Lectures (by Yoshikawa) “Periglacial geomorphology”11:00-13:00 2 Lectures (by Prysyazhniy) “Social science people, natural hazards

and permafrost in Russia”UArctic

14:00-15:00 Lecture (by Jin) “Permafrost Engineering for Chinese oil pipelin”15:00-16:00 Lecture (by Jin) “Permafrost in Central Asia and Tibet”

RJE3 14:00- 18:00 Preparation for presentation at ULK room 508

Aug 12 (Fri) – Yakutsk NEFU (or IBPC)09:00-11:00 RJE3 participants final presentation (NEFU ULK room 508)11:30-13:00 RJE final presentation (Library or IBPC)afternoon Mammoth museum, and/or Yakutsk State Museum of history and

culture of the people of the Northevening RJE3 Farewell party

UArcticAug 12 (Sun) – Aug 19 (Fri) Lectures at Yakutsk & field trips

Aug 15 Field Trip to NumtsyAug 16 Yakutsk city tourAug 17 evening Dinner at Restaurant Muus KhayaAug 19 Presentation

4つのグループのミニ研究プロジェクト成果プレゼン

The effect of location and light-intensity to photosynthesis

of Larch

Group A

Back Ground

Larch forest Pine forest

Larch grow intwo different regions

To estimate the total carbon budget in eastern Siberia

Characterize photosynthesis of Larchin two different regions

Light Condition

Filter Light source Intensity

- off 03,2,1 Mean 7713,1 Mean 11653,2 Max 14563 Max 2202

chamber

Filter

Laser

Methods Experiment

1. Putting the needle into the chamber2. Adjusting the light intensity3. The measurement from turning on

light to recording for over 5mins4. Recording the value:

Q、T、E、A、ΔC、ΔW

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Phot

osyn

thet

ic ra

te (μ

mol

/mm

2 /se

c)

light intensity

Pine forest_No1Pine forest_No2Larch forest_S1Larch forest_S4

Results

Photosynthesis rate were…1) affected by light condition2) increased first and became stable3) pine forest was higher than larch forest

PINE LARCH Effect to photosynthetic

Soil condition dry wet Indirect or possibly

Sun light condition high low direct

Nitrogenavailability high low direct

Discussion

Why photosynthetic rate of pine forest was higher than that of larch forest?

Growth condition may affect to the photosynthetic rate

Conclusion

1. Light intensity immediately affect to the photosynthetic rate.

Photosynthetic rate decrease when sun light is lowbecause of smoke from forest fire and/or cloud.

2. Growth condition may affect to the photosynthetic rate.

We need to consider these pointswhen we estimate total amount of photosynthetic rate

in whole forest of eastern Siberia

SOIL RESPIRATION MEASUREMENTS

RJE3 B GROUP 12/8/2016

Group B

Group CEstimation of inter-annual

variations of larch needle LAI and production from litter fall

Spatial variation of

chlorophyll content

and soil organic matter

http://volnomuvolya.com/images/larch.jpg

Lecture

Discussion

Field lecture

Welcome party at Spasskaya Pad

Mini research project

Field worksData analysis &

preparation for presentation

Permafrost Institute Tour

Drilling of permafrost

Presentation Closing ceremony

Experiencing permafrost Yakutian foods

Yakutian culture tour

UArctic Summer School Presentation