october 28, 2013 eq- how is information from our sensory organs processed by the brain? standard- bf...

October 28, 2013Eq- How is information from our sensory organs processed by the brain?Standard- BF 2

Table of Contents:

42. The 7 senses43. Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Agenda:1. The Seven

Senses- Chart, Story

2. Chapter 4 Vocabulary introduction

The Seven SensesSense Where it comes

throughPicture

Sight Eyes

Hearing Ears

Smell Nose

Taste Mouth

Touch Skin

Balance (vestibular) Inner Ear

Body Awareness (proprioception)

Muscles and Joints

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception key Terms

• 1. Sensation: the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain).

Hunger

• 2. Perception: the psychological process through which we interpret sensory stimulation.

Hearing

Taste

SightTouch

Smell

• 3. Absolute threshold: the weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed.

• 4. Difference threshold: the minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli.

• 5. Signal-detection theory: a method of distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes into account not only their strengths but also such elements as the setting, your physical state, your mood, and your attitude.

• 6. Sensory adaptation: the process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli.

• 7. Pupil: the opening in the colored part of the eye.

• 8. Lens: adjusts to the distance of objects by changing its thickness.

• 9. Retina: the sensitive surface in the eye that acts like the film in a camera.

• 10. Photoreceptors: neurons that are sensitive to light.

• 11. Blind spot: point where the optic nerve leaves the eye and the area that lacks photoreceptors

• 12. Visual acuity: the sharpness of vision.

• 13. Complementary: Colors across from each other on the color wheel or circle.

• 14. Afterimage: a color’s complementary color.

• Blue – yellow , red – green, black – white

• Retina sensitive to red, green, or blue (rest are combinations)

• 15. Cochlea: a bony tube that contain fluids as well as neurons that move in response to the vibrations of the fluids.

• 16. Auditory nerve: the cranial nerve that carriers sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain.

• 17. Conductive deafness: damage to the middle ear which hinders amplification (loudness)

• 18. Sensorineural deafness: damage to the inner ear which distorts perception of certain frequencies.

• 19. Olfactory nerve: sends or transports odors to the brain.

• 20. Gate theory: suggests that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time.

• 21. Vestibular sense: tells you whether you are physically upright without having to use your eyes.

• 22. Kinesthesis: the sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts.

• 23. Closure: the tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what your senses tell you.

• 24. Proximity: nearness • 25. Similarity: people see things of similar objects as belonging together.

• 26. Continuity: people prefer to see smooth continuous patterns, not disrupted ones.

• 27. Common fate: assuming a group doing similar things are together and have the same purpose.

• 28. Stroboscopic motion: the illusion of movement is produced by showing the rapid progression of images or objects that are not moving at all.

• 29. Monocular cues: need only one eye to be perceived. • 30. Binocular cues: both

eyes are required to be perceived.

• 31. Retinal disparity: a binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the difference between the two images of an object that the retina receives as the object moves closer or farther away.

October 30EQ- How is info processed by our sensory organs?

Table of Contents:44. The Big 5 Chart- Imp. Ideas in Sensation Agenda:

1. Intro Activities- Visual Tests2. Sensation Theories3. At First Sight

Standard- BF2 Sensation and Perception

SensationStimulation of sensory

receptors and transmission of sensory

info to the CNS

Vision

HearingSmell

Taste

Touch

Balance (Vestibular)

Body Awareness

Important Sensation Theories

Absolute ThresholdWeakest amount of a

stimulus that can be sensed ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles

Difference ThresholdMinimum amount of

difference that can be detected between two

stimuli

Two different shades of blue

Sensory AdaptationProcess by which we become

more sensitive to weak stimuli and less stimuli to

unchanging stimuli

In a dark movie theater you start to see better over time; city dweller stop hearing traffic sounds

Signal Detection TheoryMethod of distinguishing

stimuli that also takes into account variable elements like setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is

important

Our classroom has a buzzing sound constantly, you don’t notice it when you are workingWhen you are annoyed the “small things” stand out to you

Gate TheoryOnly a certain amount of

information can be processed by the nervous system at a

time

If you press on a “boo boo” it hurts less

Important ideas in sensation

Test your absolute threshold for hearing:

Mosquito Testhttp://www.freemosquitoringtone.org/





stimuli




unchanging stimuli




important




time



50 Shades of Red





stimuli



more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to

unchanging stimuli




important




time







stimuli




unchanging stimuli


Signal Detection TheoryThe stimuli we take in also depends on things like our

setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is

important at that time/in that situation

When you are annoyed the “small things” stand out to you



time



Absolute ThresholdWeakest amount of a stimulus

that can be sensed ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles

Difference ThresholdMinimum amount of difference that can be detected between

two stimuli



more sensitive to weak stimuli and less stimuli to unchanging

stimuli


Signal Detection TheoryThe stimuli we take in also depends on things like our

setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is important at that time/in that situation

When you watch a scary movie and you’re home alone, you will start to hear sounds that you normally wouldn’t notice



time



November 3EQ- How do our senses interact with each other to give us a complete experience?

Agenda:1.Review Sensation

Theories and Sensory Deprivation

2.Sensory Deprivation Lab

3.Lab Reflection

Table of Contents:45. Sensory Deprivation Lab

Visual Deprivation Lab

Objective: To see the effects of sensory deprivation on the other senses and to better understand the psychological effects it may have .

• Procedures: 1. Get your blindfold and sit with your chosen partner2. You will need to keep time during the lab – each demonstration

will be 25 minutes, with a 5 minutes rest in between to switch roles

3. Decide who will be “blind” first and who will be the “leader” “Leader” is allowed to take blind person all over the campus, BUT NO stairs are allowed, no restrooms with members of the opposite sex, no occupied classrooms, no office areas, or media center (if occupied by classes), at least 100 feet from road, stay away from cars in parking lot.

4. Every now and then, spin them around (a little) to see if they still know WHERE they are.

5. IF your partner gets hurt when they are the “blind” person – you will FAIL or have to do alternate activity to receive credit

6. IF there is a drill, alarm, or emergency of any kind, lab is OVER and you are to go to the nearest class room and explain to the teacher that you need to wait with their class until event has passed. Once you return to class after event has passed, I will email teacher to confirm attendance during event.

7. Think about how this lab makes you feel, BUT don’t discuss it UNTIL after we have done reflection at end of lab – we will start class when you return with discussion of “stories” you have about your experiences.8. After first round, be back at end of 25 minutes (1 point off per

minute late) – change blindfolds and start second round – another 25 minutes

9. We will finish with written reflections BEFORE discussion11. I will also be walking around to mark off pairs as I see them –

NO loitering or socializing in hallways12. You WANT to impress administration and faculty, by trying to

use this lab to better understand how your senses interact – not play around

ReflectionMy role in part 2 ____________________________________

For “Blind”1. How did you feel after first

putting on the blindfold? Did your feelings change over time? How? Why do you think that is so?

2. Were there any instances where you felt like your other senses were helping you to “see” your environment? Explain.

3. Did you trust your leader? Why or why not?

For “Leader”1. How did you feel when you

first started leading your blind person around? Did your feeling change over time? How? Why?

2. How did your blind person do? Were they able to use other sensory cues to determine their location? Give specific examples.

3. What were some interesting situations that took place on your walk?

Lab Reflection1.Did you enjoy this lab? Why or why not?2.Do you feel that you gained any insight on what

being blind is like?3.Overall, how did you feel as a blind person?4.What did this lab teach you about sensory

deprivation?5. Is there anything about your experience that I

should be aware of?6.Favorite part?7.Least favorite part?

November 6

EQ- What is inattentional blindness? How does our brain “create” what we see? What is selective attention? BF2

Agenda:1. Discuss Inattentional

Blindness, Selective Attention, Change Blindness

2. Scenarios3. Brain Games

Table of Contents:46. Other Theories Chart47. Theories Scenarios

More Sensation TheoriesSelective Attention: our brains focus attention on particular stimuli that are of interest to usEx: Noisy lunchroom- you still hear your friends

Inattentional Blindness: Since our brains are using selective attention, we are “blind” to all of the things happening around us that we aren’t paying attention to Ex: Someone steals your purse while you are standing and talking to your friends.

Change Blindness- when you are really focused on something else, you may not notice if a change is made to your environmentEx: You are focused on your homework and don’t notice that your mom changes the channel from the show you’re watching

Pop-Out Phenomenon- some stimuli are so strong and different from everything else that they POP OUT at us and we notice them.Ex: Where’s Waldo

Which Theory?

Absolute Threshold Difference Threshold Sensory AdaptationSignal Detection Selective Attention Inattentional BlindnessChange Blindness Pop-Out Phenomenon

1. Your dog can hear the dog whistle but you can’t!2. I was concentrating so hard on my math test that I didn’t notice

when a different teacher came in and started sitting at the front of the room.

3. We easily spotted the new student in the crowded lunchroom because she was the only one not in uniform.

4. I was anxiously waiting for my mom to get home for work and I heard every noise, thinking it was the garage door opening.

5. I can tell the difference between two shades of grey, but my husband can’t.

6. You can easily pick out the sound of your friends voices as you walk down the hallway.

7. You don’t notice all of the signs for different stores as you drive down the road.

November 13EQ- What are the major theories for perception? BF4

Agenda:1. What do you see?

(1-11)2. Discuss/Notes on

Theories of Perception

3. Locating Gestalt Principles

Table of Contents:48. Sensation and Perception Crossword49. Perception Theories50. Gestalt Principles Examples

HW- Study your crossword puzzle,

vocabulary and notes- quiz on Monday!

Fun theories in perception

Closure Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture

Figure Ground We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)

Proximity Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit

Similarity Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit

Continuity We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted

Connectedness We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

Perception- our mind’s ability to make sense or meaning from the sensory messages

Gestalt psychologists- believe our minds like to view things as a “whole” or complete picture- so we take certain steps to organize the things that we see in a way that makes them complete or whole

EX: What do you see:

Closure

Figure Ground• We always designate one thing as the object

(figure) and one thing that the surroundings (ground)

We then focus on the figure while ignoring the groundEx: In a crowded area, the person you are talking to is the figure, everything else is the ground

What about…..

Many optical illusions play on this concept:

• Whether you see the vase, or the two phases depends on how you are defining figure/ground

We see objects that are close to each other as belonging together.

Proximity

SimilarityWe like to group similar objects together

Continuity

We like to see smooth continuous lines instead of broken-up ones- OR can also be used to show movement through something





Continuity We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted- OR- our eyes move through an object and onto a separate one


Connectedness

Things joined together are perceived as belonging together.

A Paragraph without Gestalt Principles!

Which Gestalt

Principle?

Gestalt theories in advertising:

Your task:Select one or two magazines. Flip through the magazines paying special attention to logos, advertisements and page layouts. Select TWO examples of items utilizing Gestalt principles of perception. Glue them down on a piece of paper and identify which principle they are using and why you think it is that type.

November 17EQ- How do the Gestalt theories of perception apply

to our everyday lives? BF4

Agenda:1. Review for Sensation

and Perception Quiz2. Review Gestalt

Principles3. Perception Episode:

Face Blindness

Table of Contents:51. Face Blindness

Study for Sensation and Perception Quiz

Review of Gestalt Theories

http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2007/10/episode-31-lemon-slices-and-a-new-face-on-mars-gestalt-principles-at-work/

Face Blindness• Called

Prosopagnosia- or Face Agnosia

• People who suffer from it can not recognize people’s faces- even close friends and family members

• They must rely on other visual and auditory cues: hair, clothing, voice Believed to affect up to 2% of the population!

Do you have faceblindness?

http://www.faceblind.org/facetests/



ESP: Is There Perception Without Sensation?Video

Extrasensory Perception - ESP

• Perception through means other than sensory organs– Precognition– Psychokinesis– Telepathy– Clairvoyance

Existence of ESP

• Ganzfield Procedure– Method for studying the existence of ESP

• No reliable evidence for existence of ESP

october 28, 2013 eq- how is information from our sensory organs processed by the brain? standard- bf...

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