Ocean Migration Ocean Migration

Motives and mechanismsMotives and mechanisms

Jeffrey A. Bennett,Jeffrey A. Bennett,Airline Captain (ret.)Airline Captain (ret.)

Graduate Mech. Eng., Loyola UniversityGraduate Mech. Eng., Loyola UniversityExperienced in ocean travelExperienced in ocean travel

Skin boat (re-created) Bronze Age

Horn of Africa

YEMEN

2 ½ miles

Technology was driven by necessity and inventiveness

A lifelike carving replaced a mummy’s missing toe.

Motives for migration that drove Motives for migration that drove technology developmenttechnology development

HungerHunger PopulationPopulation ClimateClimate Lack of food Lack of food TradeTrade War strifeWar strife

Goths escaping from the Huns by raft

Tracking chormozones through time60,00050,00045,00040,00035,000

30,00025,00020,00010,000

Sea battle between Egyptians

and the Sea People

Technology, 10,000 BP

Technology 300 BP

Technology Now

A PERUVIAN BALSA

THEIR “BOATS” ARE REALLYRAFTS MADE OF REEDS

AN ESKIMO UMIAK

This boat is structurally similar to the bayak but it has no deck.

A PHOENICIAN BIREME

An oar and sail driven shipthat sailed around Africa

2600 BP

These drawings

made 40,000 BP

have been used

to make a boat

that looks like … ?

The ABORA III

A ship that has

sailed against

wind and ocean currents

in theMediterranean

and the onAtlantic!!!

Phoenician merchant trading ship- re-creation

Figian sailing canoe

TANIT SHIPWRECKC. 2750

The TOMOL

ConclusionsConclusions Man has traveled on waterMan has traveled on water for 70,000 years.for 70,000 years.

Evidence: Genetics, artifacts.Evidence: Genetics, artifacts.

Record from before ice age.Record from before ice age.

Many antique ships found recently.Many antique ships found recently.Past developments ‘rediscovered’. Past developments ‘rediscovered’. Good planning = good sea eatingGood planning = good sea eatingFloating uses less energyFloating uses less energy than walking. than walking.Early ocean migration was Early ocean migration was eminently doable.eminently doable.

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

for thefor the

OCEANSOCEANS

END SLIDE SHOWEND SLIDE SHOWSELECT VIEW “NORMAL”SELECT VIEW “NORMAL”

GRAB BOTTOM OF SCREEN (ABOVE “BOOK“)GRAB BOTTOM OF SCREEN (ABOVE “BOOK“)and PULL UP.and PULL UP.

A way out of AfricaA way out of AfricaIn 70,000 BPIn 70,000 BPman was in danger.man was in danger.We knowWe knowvia Geneticsvia GeneticsThat he went That he went north and eastnorth and eastout of Africa.out of Africa.

Maybe from Djibouti to Yemen Maybe from Djibouti to Yemen on reeds or skin floats.on reeds or skin floats.

A way out of AfricaA way out of Africa

Archeological Archeological evidence of evidence of human habitation human habitation has similar dates has similar dates from Middle East from Middle East and maritime and maritime Asian Pacific.Asian Pacific.

Maybe across Maybe across the Red Sea the Red Sea on reed floats.on reed floats.