Ocean Data and Information System

E. Pattabhi Rama RaoScientist ‘E’ & Head

Data and information Management GroupESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

Hyderabad

Presentation Outline

About INCOIS

Ocean Observing System by India

Ocean Data and Information System

Data Assimilation and Ocean Modeling

Remote Sensing Satellites

Oceansat-1Ocean Colour Monitor

Oceansat-2Ocean Colour Monitor, Scatterometer

Foreign Satellites

In-situ Observations

• Argo Profiling Floats

• Data Buoys

• Current Meter Arrays

• XBT / XCTD

• Gliders

• Tide gauges

• BPRs

Satellite Oceanography

National Infrastructure Network

Potential Fishing Zone Advisory ServicesOcean State Forecast ServicesEarly Warning for Tsunami and Storm SurgesOcean ModellingOcean Data and Information System & Web-based ServicesCoastal Geospatial ApplicationsValue-added Services

Fishing Community

Ports and Harbours

Off-shore and Shipping

IMD, Navy, NHO

Coast Guards

Coastal States

Research Institutions

Academia

Ocean Observation, Information & Advisory Services

National Oceanographic Data Centre

Ocean Observing Network

Ocean Observing System

A Typical Case of Temperature Observations

Sydney Levitus et.al, 2000

• For over 100 years, sparse

measurements of the physical

state of the ocean (temperature,

salinity, velocity) have been

made by research vessels

lowering instruments over the

side.

• The World Ocean Circulation

Experiment (WOCE) sampled

the globe with 20000

hydrographic casts, obtaining

unprecedented new information

on the role of the ocean in the

climate system.

• WOCE took 7 years (1991-97).

The old way of

observing the ocean:

Ocean Observing Systems – In-situ

Argo Floats Moored Buoys Drifting Buoys

TideGauges

XBT Current MeterArrays

Research Vessels

NIO/INCOISNIOTINCOIS NIO/INCOIS NIO/INCOIS NCAOR/CMLRE

SOI/NIOT

Tsunami Buoy

SATELLITE

NIOT/INCOIS

BPR

Acoustic

Transducers

Antenna

Tsunami Buoy

SATELLITE

NIOT/INCOIS

BPR

Acoustic

Transducers

Antenna

Deep Ocean Tsunami Buoys

Coastal Radars

BhujBhopal

Bokaro

Chennai

DehradunSamla

Dharamshala

DELHI

HYDERABAD

Goa

Pune

Shillong

Thiruvananthapuram Minicoy

Vishakapattinam

Diglipur

Seismic Network

NIOT NIOT IMD

Gliders

INCOIS

Wave Rider Buoys

Ship-based AWSWave Height Meter

INCOIS

Argo Floats in the Indian Ocean

• Total 758 active as on today

• 11 participating countries: Australia, India, China, Japan, France, Germany, UK, USA etc.

• India’s Contribution to the Argo program is 325 floats

• All floats deployed in Indian Ocean – 2014

• Total number of profiles obtained so far from Argo program in Indian Ocean ~ 2,50,000.

National Data Buoy Programme(12 buoys - 1997-2001)

Buoy Technology Acquired

Discus Buoy

Sensors

•Air Temperature

•Air Pressure

•Wind Speed

•Wind Direction

•Wave Height

•Wave Direction

•Surface Currents

•Water Temp.

•Conductivity

Characteristics

•Weight : 924 kg

•Diameter : 2.8 m

•Max height : 6.75 mSensors

• Air Temperature• Air Pressure• Wind Direction• Wind Speed• Wave Height• Wave Direction• Current Speed• Current Direction• Water Temperature• Conductivity• Oxygen• Chlorophyll

Characteristics

• Weight : 450 kg• Height : 7.5 m• Diameter : 1.76 m

Spar Buoy

Ocean

Met

Subsurface

Wave

OMNI BUOY

• MET

Air humidity,

Pressure

Temperature

Wind Speed, Gust & Direction

Irradiation

Rainfall

• OCEAN

Sub surface Temperature, Salinity & Current profiles

• WAVE

OMNI Buoy – New generation buoy with surface and subsurface measurements

MET OCEAN BUOY OMNI BUOY TSUNAMI BUOY

Types of buoy Systems Handled

Present Buoy Network

OMNI Buoy Configuration

Temperature Profile

Current Profile

The data are transmitted to INCOIS in real time

Ships

MoES, CSIR, GSI, FSI, NHO,SCI, ONGC

Automatic Weather Stations onboard Research Vessels

AWS onboard ORV Sagar Nidhi

Objectives

• Validation Ocean forecast models in delayedmode and real time.

• Data assimilation in high resolutionatmospheric forecast models

• Validation of satellite data.

• High Resolution coastal wind Atlas

• Real-time vessel tracking

Parameters Measured

Wind vector, Air temperature , Sea SurfaceTemperature, Relative humidity, Rainfall,Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation

XBT / XCTD Observations

Objectives• Long Term Monitoring of Upper Ocean Thermal Fields in the Seas around India by

o Deployment of XBT/XCTD probes along a few selected shipping lanes in the northern Indian ocean at regular time intervals

o Collection of information on marine meteorological parameters and surface salinity samples

Ships of Opportunity• Passenger Ships• Merchant Ships

Drifting Buoys

About 250 Drifting Buoys were deployed by India during 1991-2012

Objectives

• To collect surface meteorological (atmosphericpressure and winds) and oceanographic (SST,surface velocities, and sub-surface temperature)data using the satellite tracked drifting buoys.

• To provide near-real time data (SST, sea levelpressure and surface winds on GTS) for operationalweather analysis and prediction

• To develop monthly mean mixed-layer velocities inthe Indian Ocean on 1° x 1° resolution.

• Provide data sets as ‘seatruths’ for validation ofremotely sensed ocean surface parameters

• To build an Indian Ocean drifter data archival.

Objectives

• To understand the dynamics and the long-term variability ofocean currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean.

• To study the deep-sea circulation in the equatorial IndianOcean

• To study the upper ocean variability in the thermohalinestructures, currents (VM-ADCP and LADCP), nutrients,chlorophyll and Primary Production in the equatorial IndianOcean and the Bay of Bengal.

Long-term Measurements of Currents in the Equatorial Indian Ocean through Current Meter Moorings along the Equator

18°N and 89.5°E

• Phase-I (Nov 2009-Nov 2010- Successfully retrieved)

• Phase-II (Deployed in Sep 2011-Could not retrieve the buoy due to vandalism/mooring failure)

• Phase-III (Deployed in 1st Jan, 2013-Retreived in Nov 2013)

• Phase –IV (Deployed in 20 Nov, 2013, expect to retrieve in Nov 2014)

Phase-IV specifications:Sensors:

– 2 Doppler volume current meters (5 m & 30 m) – 8 temperature, conductivity and pressure recorders.

1 SSS (1m), 7 MicroCATs (1, 4, 7, 15, 25, 50 m and 100m), Chl and Oxygen at 3 m

– The buoy is also fitted with a ARGOS beacon to track the buoy position in case it drifts away from the watch circle(~3 Km radius)

Sampling time:– 10 minute for each sensor

Bay of Bengal Observatory

•The primary objective of this mooring is to understand the complex

near surface thermohaline structure in the northern Bay of Bengal.

ADCP Locations

Objective:

To understand the seasonal, intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability.

19 Moorings10 Deep water9 Shallow water

Wave Rider buoys

5 sets of CODAR are installed at

o Gujarat

o Tamilnadu

o Andhra Pradesh

o Orissa

o Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Real time data being received at INCOIS &

NIOT

Enables measurement of Currents to about

200 Kms from the Coast

Transmit

Antenna Receive

Antenna

Coastal HF Radar Network

Network of 26 Tide gauges

Installed and operational along

the Indian Coast

1 minute averages transmitted

every 5 minutes

Data come to INCOIS through

VSAT, GSM and INSAT from the

Tide Gauges

Real time data from 70

International tide gauges in

Indian Ocean being received at

INCOIS

Tide Gauge Network

Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting System for Detection of Tsunamis

Network of 12 Bottom

Pressure Recorders

6 BPRs are deployed in

Bay of Bengal & in

Arabian Sea

15 minute in normal

mode & 15 sec

averages in tsunami mode

Real time data is being

received at INCOIS and NIOT

(NIOT/INCOIS)STB01

TB05

TB06

TB09

TB12

STB02

Ocean Research Vessels

ORV Sagarkanya – NCAOR

Sagar Nidhi – NIOT

Sagar Manjusha – NIOT

Sagar Purvi - NIOT

Sagar Paschami – NIOT

FORV Sagar Sampada – CMLRE

Green – Argo, Red line – XBT, Blue – Drifters, red square – RAMA, Yellow- CODAR, green oval- ADCP, Red oval – Moorings, white mark - TG

Ocean Observing System

Computational Facilities

24x7 Dedicated Data Centres with state of the art technologyequipment supported with 100% redundant DG, UPS, AC(Precision) and Chiller Water Plant facilities

High Performance Computing System (IBM P575 P6)- 7.2 TeraFlops, 512 CPUs

80 CPU Intel Itanium based SGI Altix Server

64 CPU (2 x 32 CPU) IBM P590 P5 based Server ConsolidationSystem

Database: Oracle 10g, DB2, PostGres, MySQL

Software: Web Application Server (Websphere), GIS (Arc IMS,SDE), Firewall (Checkpoint), etc.

Number of 2 CPU / 4 CPU / 6 CPU / 8 CPU High End Desktop,Workstations, Servers IBM, HP, SUN, SGI, Dell, Apple, etc)andLaptop Systems (IBM, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Toshiba, Sony, Acer,etc)

Internet: 2 x 20 Mbps Dedicated Leased Line InternetBandwidth from two different ISPs. 1 Gbps internetconnectivity under the National Knowledge Network isbeing established.

Networking: CISCO, RADWARE and 3-COM based Networking(Fibre & CAT7) with Link Proofs, Global Load Balancers,Check-Point Firewalls, IRONPORT Security, Antivirus s/w, etc.

High Performance Computer Facility

24x7 Dedicated Data Centres

Data Storage and Back-up Systems

Real-time data reception from the following OceanObserving Systems using INSAT 3A, INSAT 3C,INSAT 3E and INSAT 4A

Tsunami Buoy

Tide Gauge Network

Ship-based AWS

Wave Height Meter

Moored Buoys

Seismic Stations

Ground Station for reception and processing remotesensing data from NOAA Series, Aqua & Terra(MODIS), METOP Satellites

Oceansat-2 Ground Station Virtual Private Networkfor Disaster Management using EduSat

Communication Systems

Ocean Data and Information System

“Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made accessible….”

Data’s shameful neglect

Nature Vol. 461, Issue No. 726110 September 2009

National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP)March-2012

Objectives

• Maximising the use

• Avoiding duplication

• Maximised integration

• Ownership information

• Better Decision Making

Sharing and Access

User friendly interface

Dynamic / pull down menu

Search based report

Secured web access

Bulletin Board

Complete Metadata

Parametric and Dynamic report in exportable format

Type of Access

Open Access

Registered Access

Restricted Access

Classification

Sharable

Non-sharable

“….. data collected with the deployment of public fundsshould be made more readily available to all, for enablingnational debate, better decision making and use in meetingcivil society needs.”

Role of INCOIS in Ocean Data Management

Central repository for the Oceanographic Data in the country

National Oceanographic Data Centre (IODE/IOC/UNESCO) – 2004 onwards

Argo Programme

National Argo Data Centre

Regional Argo Data Centre

Project Data Centre

Continental Tropical Convergence Project (CTCZ )

GEOTRACES-India Data Assembly Centre

Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological Research (SIBER)

Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) -Mirror Site (IODE/IOC)

OceanSITES - Data Assembly Centre

Contribution to various international programmes

IODE, ISPRS, OGC

NODC

~ 15 TB/Year

In-SituData

Data Sources and Estimated Data Flow

Remote Sensing

Data

OSF

SODA

NCEP

JEDAC

CMAP

Model Outputs, Reanalysis

Data, Climatology,Atlas

Topographic MapsNellore-Machipatnam

1:25,000 Scale

CRZ MapsLand Use (1:25,000),

Aqua Culture and Wet lands (1:50,000)

CRZ Land Use Maps Gujarat Coast

(1:25,000 Scale)

Bathymetry/Topography

Real-time CDs Web Hard Copy

Argo Floats

XBT / XCTD

Current Meter Arrays

Tide Gauges

BPR

Moored Buoys

Drifting Buoys

Coastal Radars

Seismic Network

TRMM

Quikscat

NOAA

MODIS Tera/Aqua

OCEANSAT-1 (OCM)

SeaWifs

Altimeter

OCEANSAT-2

Data Base Management

Database

Data Assembly

QC

Meta Database

Data Discovery

Data Transport

Data Visualisation

Web I

nte

rface

Data Services

Interoperability

Open design and standards

Easy access and discovery

Reliable, sustained and efficient

operations

Data Achieves

Ocean Data and Information System

Marine Data Centres

IndOOS

Ocean Observing System

Data Services

Satellite DataAcquisition and

Processing System

GTS

HistoricalData Sets

In-situRemoteSensing

IODE IOGOOSGlobal Change

Master Directory (GCMD/NASA)

Metadata

Oceansites

MetadataData from

other sources

Project/Experiment Specific Data

End-to-end System: Reception Processing Archival Dissemination

OGC

In-Situ Data Flow

Data Processing

ASCII Binary

Other FormatsLike excel sheet,

NetCDF etc.

Data Storage

Database

Triggered basedReal Time QC

Data Acquisition

E-Mail

VSAT

FTP

INSAT

Offline

Delayed Mode QC

Data Conversion

ASCII Binary

Other FormatsLike excel sheet,

NetCDF etc.

Data Dissemination

E-Mail

VSAT

FTP

Web

Offline

Data Backup

DatabaseFTP Server

Time Series Graphs

Data Availability

Charts and Statistics

ProfilesQuery Template

Fully automated system for data reception,

processing, quality control, database

loading and dissemination

Unique integrated in-situ database for

heterogeneous data received from variety

of platforms through various communication

channels

Data discovery, on-the-fly visualization and

data downloads in different formats

Developed using Open Source Software

Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS)

Data Holdings Platform Parameter Number of Platforms Years of Availability

Argo Profiling Floats T & S Profiles 1971 Floats (2,34,907 Profiles) 2002 – till date

Moored Buoy Met-Ocean 63 1997 – till date

Drifting Buoy Surface 300 1991 – till date

Ship-based Automatic Weather Station (AWS)

Met-Ocean 11 2009 – till date

XBT /XCTD Temperature Profile 4391 profiles 1990 - Jul 2014

Tide Gauge Sea Level 26 2010 – till date

HF Radar Surface Currents 10 2010 – till date

Wave Rider Buoy Wave Parameters 10 2007 – till date

CALVAL Optical Buoy Optical 1 2009 – till date

CTD T&S Profiles 1,50,000 Profiles 1976 onwards

Equatorial Current Meter Mooring Array

Current Vector 7 2000 – 2009

Coastal Ocean Monitoring & Prediction System (COMAPS)

Biological, Zoological, Chemical

88 stations 1987 – 2012

Radio Meter Bio – Optical -- 2008 onwards

Seatruth Data from MoESResearch Vessels

Surface marine meteorology

2 1997-2003

Coastal ADCP Currents 4 2008-2010

BPR Sea level 7 2007 – till date

CTCZ Meterological and Oceanographic

Varying 2007-2013

Argo Data and Products

Data availability:

Oct 2002 - till date

Active No. of Floats: 728

Total No. of Floats: 2014

Indian Floats: 168

T and S Profiles: ~ 2,00,000

Data formats:

ASCII Text, NetCDF, Plots (Jpeg)

Temperature, Salinity and GeostrophicCurrents (0, 75, 100, 200, 500, 100 M depths)

Heat Content up to 300 M Mixed Layer Depth, Isothermal Layer

Depth Depth of 20° and 26° Isotherms Dynamic Height Sea Surface Height Anomaly

Monthly Gridded Data Products

Water Plot of Temperature

Water Plot of Salinity Temp Vs Sal Plot Time Series Surface

Temperature Time Series Bottom

Pressure Time Series Surface

Salinity Time Series Surface

Pressure Float Trajectory

Float-wise Plots

HF Radar Data

Project Specific DataCTCZ Data Centre Geotraces-India Data Assembly Centre

Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System

New Data ProductsMonthly and Daily Data Products

(1979- Mar2014)• Specific humidity at 2m above the

sea surface• Air temperature at 2m above the

sea surface• Sea surface temperature• Wind speed at 10m above the sea

surface• Net shortwave radiation at the sea

surface• Net longwave radiation at the sea

surface• Latent heat flux• Sensible heat flux• Net surface heat flux• Wind stress magnitude

TropFlux is largely derived from a combination of

• ERA-I re-analysis data for turbulent and longwave fluxes,

• ISCCP surface radiation data for shortwave flux.

All input products are bias- and amplitude-corrected on the basis of

Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array data, before surface net heat flux

and wind stresses are computed using the COARE v3 bulk algorithm.

The TropFlux product has been developed by MOG-INCOIS

under a collaboration between the Laboratoire d’Océanographie:

Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) from

Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, France and National Institute of

Oceanography/CSIR, India and distributed through Indian

National Centre for Ocean Information Services, India. Bilateral

scientific visits to France and India have been supported by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France.

Oceansat-2 Ground Station Data Reception and

Processing Systems

L/X Band Ground Station for NOAA,

METOP, Terra and Aqua SatellitesCoverage

Remote Sensing Data

Oceansat-2, NOAA-17 & 18, METOP, Terra and Aqua (MODIS)

In-situ Data (from NOAA 15, 17 and 18)

Argo Floats, Drifting Buoys in the Indian Ocean

Data products are published on INCOIS Web-site with in 5 to 45 minutes after each pass

Remote Sensing Data Reception, Processing & Dissemination

SSTFCC

AOD Chlorophyll-a KD-490 TSM

Remote Sensing Data products

INCOIS Live Access Server

• Highly configurable web server designed to provide flexible access to geo-referenced scientific data

• Allows the user to • download and visualize data with

on-the-fly graphics• request custom subsets of

variables in a choice of file formats

• access background reference material about the data (metadata)

• Compare variables from

distributed locations

Other Data Products Argo Data and Data Products for

the Indian Ocean

T-S Profiles (~1,76,890)

Period: 2002-2012

Gridded Data Products (plots)

ASCII & netCDF Formats

GUI for easy navigation, browsing, data extraction with user defined spatial and temporal domains

Software for viewing the NetCDF files DVD Version 1.0, Feb’2009 DVD Version 2.0 – Apr’2010

DVD Version 2.0 – Jan’2011 DVD Version 2.1 – May 2012

Released on May 10, 2012

MLD/SLD Climatology for the Indian Ocean based on Argo ObservationsThe release of Atlas is scheduled on 31 October, 2012

Development of Visual Quality Control Tools

• Developed Visual Quality Control Tools for Argo & Moored Buoy data

Moored Buoy Data

T&S Profiles (Argo Floats, XBT, XCTD, CTD)

Cruise Summary Report

• Online Cruise Summary Reportfacilitates the inventory of Cruisesmade by MoES Research Vessels.

• Portal allows users to submit CSR aswell as search and view reports.

Data Search and Rescue

Obtained CTD data from CMLRE (2431 Profiles) for the

period 2002-2007, processed, quality controlled and

generated database.

Obtained data from NCAOR (2002-2008) and the data

processing is under progress.

Development of Indian Ocean Hydrobase

CORIOLIS 97,802

NIOCD 39,047

SK Cruises 372

IOHB 13,300

CMLRE 2,431

NCOAR 51

IXBT 4,591

DMQC Argo 76,540

Total 2,34,134

Obtained surface meteorological data from NODPAC

collected by the Indian Navy. NODPAC agreed to provide

the TS profiles collected them in due course.

Data Archeology

Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)

• OBIS publishes primary data on marine species locations online through www.iobis.org– It facilitates data discovery and exploration by

• Searching by species, time, location, depth, data set, physical/chemical parameters

• Mapping observed occurrences • Modelling of potential environmental range

– Integrates data over marine themes• Microbes to whales• Genetics and morphology• Poles to equator…

– Enables data capture for re-use• Actively works with data custodians

• 1056 datasets

• 32.30 million distribution records

• 247,000 names, 126,000 species

• Among the largest provider to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility

• Largest provider of marine primary biodiversity data

INCOIS has been identified by the IODE/IOC to host the mirror site of OBIS

ODIS Statistics(Online visitors)

LAS Statistics(8/1/2009 - 8/6/2014)

Hits

Total Hits 2,447,412

Visitor Hits 2,447,412

Average Hits per Day 1,335

Average Hits per Visitor 12.49

Page Views

Total Page Views 978,443

Average Page Views per Day 534

Average Page Views per

Visitor4.99

Visitors

Total Visitors 195,911

Average Visitors per Day 106

Total Unique IPs 26,605

Country Hits Visitors

% of Tot

al Visitor

s

1 United States 496,802 72,486 37.00

2 China 171,499 50,595 25.83

3 India 1,295,377 15,119 7.72

4 Japan 14,729 11,041 5.64

5 Spain 24,694 10,137 5.17

6Russian

Federation61,977 7,976 4.07

7 Canada 12,199 6,059 3.09

8 Germany 25,473 2,644 1.35

48 Israel 806 61 0.03

49 Ecuador 262 51 0.03

50 Philippines 343 46 0.02

Total 2,447,412 195,911 100.00

Digital Ocean

EoI is being finalised

Digital Ocean is a dynamic frame work of set of applications to efficiently integrate andmanage heterogeneous ocean data and to provide advanced visualization and analysistools that facilitate to improve the understanding of oceans in multi-disciplinary approach.

Objectives• Organize and present heterogeneous

oceanographic data by adopting rapidadvancements in Information andCommunication Technology

• Implement Data Warehouse and DataMining concepts for efficientmanagement of data

• Develop Metadata System• Provide platform for display and

visualization of disparate data in acommon way

• Provide advanced on-line visualizationand analysis tools to analyse the data inmulti-disciplinary approach. (3D and 4Drepresentation of Oceanographic Data -past, present and future)

• Implement E-Commerce for on-line datasale

• Implement analytical tools on data usage

Enhanced Visualization Tools for Scientific Analysis

Time series Graphs

Animations

Along the Ship tracks3D/4D Visualisation

Overlay in-situ data on

Remote-Sensing images for

comparison and validation

Cross Sections

Visualization of

multiple parameters

Data Utilization ProjectsProject: Interactive Three-dimensional Visualization of Large-scale ARGO Data

Institution: IIIT Bangalore

• Build a software application as a visualization tool, a la VAPOR [VAP], which will enable researchers at and end-users of INCOIS to make informed decisions.

• The tool should be able to handle large scale, streaming, multivariate, time-varying data from the ARGO program, should target a varied audience, should comply by OGC standards

• This tool will enable the scientists to visually analyze available ARGO data from INCOIS and derive interesting properties or regions of interest to corroborate a priori known information about the data and/or discover unknown features.

Project: Does Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) play a significant role in intensification of tropical cyclones? A comprehensive analysis for the North Indian Ocean

Institution: IIT Bhubaneswar

• To investigate whether TCHP plays any significant role in intensification of TCs in the NIO or not?.

User Interaction Workshops

• Ocean response to cyclones Nargis, Mala, Sidr in the thermal fields simulated by HYCOM

• Studying Oxygen minimum zone in the equatorial Indian Ocean

• Comparing dissolved oxygen concentration in the subsurface water of NIO

• Upwelling tendency of the isotherms on the surface layer along the Kerala coast

• Fixing of appropriate Algorithm to retrieve Sea Surface Temperature from NOAA-AVHRR in the North Indian Ocean.

• Role of SST, SSHA and TCHP for cyclone intensification- A case study on the Cyclones Phailin, Helen, Lehar & Madi.

Student Projects

• To promote the usage of data and bring aboutawareness among the student at the universities,INCOIS conducted , a special session on DataServices during the 3rd User Interaction meetingheld at INCOIS on May 03, 2013

Thank You

Ocean Information and Advisory Services