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Occupy Wall Street

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the protests in New York City. For the wider movement, see Occupy movement.

Occupy Wall Street Part of the Occupy movement

Official logo of protest

Date September 17, 2011 – ongoing

(3 months, 1 week and 2 days)

Location New York City

Status Ongoing

Causes

Wealth inequality, Corporate

influence of government, Populism, (in support of) Social

Democracy, inter alia.

Characteristics

Non violent protest

Civil disobedience Occupation

Picketing

Demonstrations

Internet activism

Number

Zuccotti Park

Other activity in NYC:

2,000+ marchers

(march on police headquarters, October 2,

2011)[1]

700+ marchers

(crossing Brooklyn Bridge, October 3,

2011)[2]

15,000+ marchers (Lower Manhattan solidarity march,

October 5, 2011)[3]

6,000+ marchers

(Times Square recruitment center march,

October 15, 2011)[4]

Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is a protest movement which began September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in

New York City's Wall Street financial district, which was initiated by the Canadian activist group Adbusters. The

protests are against social and economic inequality, high unemployment, greed, as well as corruption, and the

undue influence of corporations—particularly from the financial services sector—on government. The protesters'

slogan We are the 99% refers to the growing income and wealth inequality in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1%

and the rest of the population. The protests in New York City have sparked similar protests and movements around

the world.

Contents

[hide]

1 Background o 1.1 Origin

o 1.2 Goals

o 1.3 We are the 99%

o 1.4 Demographics o 1.5 Organization and group process

1.5.1 Funding

o 1.6 Zuccotti Park encampment 2 Reaction

o 2.1 Public opinion

o 2.2 Political response

2.2.1 The White House 2.2.2 Congress

2.2.3 2012 Presidential candidates

2.2.4 Other politicians o 2.3 Labor unions

o 2.4 Federal Reserve

o 2.5 Media response o 2.6 Police response

o 2.7 International response

o 2.8 Responses by notable people

2.8.1 Authors and academics 2.8.2 Businesspeople

2.8.3 Celebrities

2.8.4 Wealthy supporters o 2.9 Criticism

2.9.1 Complaints by local residents

o 2.10 Popular culture references o 2.11 Music videos

3 Crime

o 3.1 Sexual assaults

4 Chronology o 4.1 First four weeks (September 17 – October 14)

o 4.2 Weeks 5–8 (October 15 – November 11)

o 4.3 Weeks 9 & 10 (November 12 - November 26) 5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Background

Origin

In a July 13, 2011 blog post, the Canadian-based Adbusters Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-

consumerist magazine Adbusters, proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on

democracy, the absence of legal repercussions for the bankers behind the recent global financial crisis, and a

growing disparity in wealth.[5][6]

They sought to combine the symbolic location of the 2011 protests in Tahrir

Square with the consensus decision making of the 2011 Spanish protests.[7]

Adbusters' senior editor Micah White

said they had suggested the protest via their email list and it "was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the

world.”[6]

Adbusters' website said that from their "one simple demand, a presidential commission to separate

money from politics," they would "start setting the agenda for a new America."[8]

They promoted the protest with a

poster featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull.[9][10]

The internet group Anonymous encouraged its readers to take part in the protests, calling protesters to "flood lower

Manhattan, set up tents, kitchens, peaceful barricades and occupy Wall Street."[11][12]

Other groups began to join in

the organization of the protest, including the U.S. Day of Rage,[13]

and the NYC General Assembly, the governing

body of the Occupy Wall Street group.[14]

The protest began on Sept 17th, 2011, an Occupy Wall Street page on

Facebook began on September 19 with a YouTube video of the early protests, and by September 22, it had reached

critical mass. By mid-October, Facebook listed 125 Occupy-related pages and roughly one in every 500 hashtags

used on Twitter, all around the world, was the movement's own #OWS.[15]

Adbusters' Kalle Lasn, when asked why it took three years after the implosion of Lehman Brothers' for people to

begin protesting, said that after the election of President Barack Obama there was a feeling among the young that

he would pass laws to regulate the banking system and "take these financial fraudsters and bring them to justice."

However, as time passed, "the feeling that he's a bit of a gutless wonder slowly crept in" and they lost their hope

that his election would result in change.[16]

The protest was begun at Zuccotti Park since it was private property and police could not legally force protesters to

leave without being requested to do so by the property owner.[17]

At a press conference held on the same day as the

protests began, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg explained, "People have a right to protest, and if they

want to protest, we'll be happy to make sure they have locations to do it."[14]

Writing for CNN, Sonia Katyal and Eduardo Peñalver said that

A straight line runs from the 1930s sit-down strikes in Flint, Michigan, to the 1960 lunch-counter sit-ins to the

occupation of Alcatraz by Native American activists in 1969 to Occupy Wall Street. Occupations employ physical

possession to communicate intense dissent, exhibited by a willingness to break the law and to suffer the --

occasionally violent -- consequences.[18]

More immediate prototypes for OWS are the British student protests of 2010, Greece's and Spain's anti-austerity

protests of the "indignados" (indignants), as well as the Middle Easts' Arab Spring protests. These antecedents

have in common with OWS a reliance on social media and electronic messaging to circumvent the authorities, as

well as the feeling that financial institutions, corporations, and the political elite have been malfeasant in their

behavior toward youth and the middle class.[19][20]

Occupy Wall Street, in turn, gave rise to the Occupy movement

in the United States and around the world.[21][22][23]

Goals

The protesters targeted Wall Street because of the part it played in the economic crisis of 2008 which started the

Great Recession. They say that Wall Street's risky lending practices of mortgage-backed securities which

ultimately proved to be worthless caused the crisis, and that the government bailout breached a sense of propriety.

The protesters say that Wall Street recklessly and blatantly abused the credit default swap market, and that the

instability of that market must have been known beforehand. They say that the guilty parties should be

prosecuted.[23]

Some journalists have criticized the protests saying it is hard to discern a unified aim for the movement, while

other commentators have said that although the movement is not in complete agreement on its message and goals,

it does have a message which is fairly coherent. Douglas Rushkoff, writing for CNN, said that even though the

protesters are not ready to articulate an exact array of problems or how to solve them,

Anyone who says he has no idea what these folks are protesting is not being truthful. Whether we agree with them

or not, we all know what they are upset about, and we all know that there are investment bankers working on Wall

Street getting richer while things for most of the rest of us are getting tougher. What upsets banking's defenders

and politicians alike is the refusal of this movement to state its terms or set its goals in the traditional language of

campaigns...They mean to show that there is an inappropriate and correctable disconnect between the abundance

America produces and the scarcity its markets manufacture.[24]

In a special for CNN, Sonia Katyal and Eduardo Peñalver said that

What has puzzled many observers about the Occupy Wall Street protests is precisely the lack of an obvious

connection between their disobedience (the occupation of parks and streets) and their political and economic

complaints. This is why Occupy's turn toward foreclosed housing is so important. While it takes heroic acts of

imagination to connect the dots between the occupation of Zuccotti Park and worries about economic inequality,

political corruption and the excessive power of banks, the connection between these issues and the occupation of

foreclosed housing is obvious.[25]

The protesters want, in part, more and better jobs, more equal distribution of income, bank reform, and a reduction

of the influence of corporations on politics.[24][26]

Adbusters co-founder Kalle Lasn has compared the protests to the

Situationists and the Protests of 1968 movements.[23][27]

and addresses critics saying that while no one person can

speak for the movement, he believes that the goal of the protests is economic justice, specifically, a "transaction

tax" on international financial speculation, the reinstatement of the Glass-Stegall Act and the revocation of

corporate personhood.[7]

The General Assembly, the governing body of the OWS movement, has adopted a “Declaration of the Occupation

of New York City,” which includes a list of grievances against corporations, and to many protesters a general

statement is enough. However, saying, "‘Power concedes nothing without a demand' " others within the movement

have favored a fairly concrete set of national policy proposals.[28]

One group has written an unofficial document,

"The 99 Percent Declaration”, that calls for a national general assembly of representatives from all 435

congressional districts to gather on July 4, 2012, to assemble a list of grievances and solutions.[29][30][31]

OWS

protesters that prefer a looser, more localized set of goals have also written a document, the Liberty Square

Blueprint,[32]

a wiki page edited by some 250 occupiers and still undergoing changes. Written as a wiki the

wording changes, however, an early version read: "Demands cannot reflect inevitable success. Demands imply

condition, and we will never stop. Demands cannot reflect the time scale that we are working with."[29]

The

Guardian interviewed OWS and found three main demands: get the money out of politics; reinstate the Glass-

Steagall act; and draft laws against the little-known loophole that currently allows members of Congress to pass

legislation affecting Delaware-based corporations in which they themselves are investors.[33]

We are the 99%

Main article: We are the 99%

A chart showing the disparity in income distribution in the United States.[34][35]

Wealth inequality and income inequality have

been central concerns among OWS protesters.[36][37][38]

CBO data shows that in 1980, the top 1% earned 9.1% of all income, while in 2006 they earned 18.8% of all income.

[39]

The phrase "The 99%" is a political slogan of "Occupy" protesters.[40]

It was originally launched as a Tumblr blog

page in late August 2011.[41][42]

It refers to the vast concentration of wealth among the top 1% of income earners

compared to the other 99 percent, and indicates that most people are paying the price for the mistakes of a tiny

minority.[19][43]

The top 1 percent of income earners have more than doubled their income over the last thirty years according to a

Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report.[44]

The report was released just as concerns of the Occupy Wall Street

movement were beginning to enter the national political debate.[45]

According to the CBO, between 1979 and 2007

the incomes of the top 1% of Americans grew by an average of 275%. During the same time period, the 60% of

Americans in the middle of the income scale saw their income rise by 40%. Since 1979 the average pre-tax income

for the bottom 90% of households has decreased by $900, while that of the top 1% increased by over $700,000, as

federal taxation became less progressive. From 1992-2007 the top 400 income earners in the U.S. saw their income

increase 392% and their average tax rate reduced by 37%.[46]

In 2009, the average income of the top 1% was

$960,000 with a minimum income of $343,927.[47][48][49]

In 2007 the richest 1% of the American population owned 34.6% of the country's total wealth, and the next 19%

owned 50.5%. Thus, the top 20% of Americans owned 85% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the

population owned 15%. Financial inequality (total net worth minus the value of one's home)[50]

was greater than

inequality in total wealth, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning

50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%.[51]

However, after the Great Recession which started in 2007, the share of

total wealth owned by the top 1% of the population grew from 34.6% to 37.1%, and that owned by the top 20% of

Americans grew from 85% to 87.7%. The Great Recession also caused a drop of 36.1% in median household

wealth but a drop of only 11.1% for the top 1%, further widening the gap between the 1% and the 99%.[51][52][53]

During the economic expansion between 2002 and 2007, the income of the top 1% grew 10 times faster than the

income of the bottom 90%. In this period 66% of total income gains went to the 1%, who in 2007 had a larger

share of total income than at any time since 1928.[34]

This is in stark contrast with surveys of US populations that

indicate an "ideal" distribution that is much more equal, and a widespread ignorance of the true income inequality

and wealth inequality.[54]

Demographics

Early on the protesters were mostly young, in part due to their pronounced use of social networks through which

they promoted the protests.[55][56]

As the protest grew, older protesters also became involved.[57]

The average age of

the protesters is 33, with people in their 20s balanced by people in their 40s.[58]

Various religious faiths have been

represented at the protest including Muslims, Jews, and Christians.[59][60]

On October 10 the Associated Press

reported that "there’s a diversity of age, gender and race" at the protest.[57]

Some news organizations have

compared the protest to a left-leaning version of the Tea Party protests.[61]

According to a survey of Zuccotti Park protesters by the Baruch College School of Public Affairs published on

October 19, of 1,619 web respondents, 1/3 were older than 35, half were employed full-time, 13% were

unemployed and 13% earned over $75,000. 27.3% of the respondents called themselves Democrats, 2.4% called

themselves Republicans, while the rest, 70%, called themselves independents.[62]

Racially, the majority of participants are White, with one study based on survey responses at

OccupyWallStreet.org reporting 81.2% White, 7.6% Other, 6.8% Hispanic, 2.8% Asian, and 1.6% Black.[63][64]

Organization and group process

Protesters engaging in the 'human microphone'

The New York City General Assembly (NYCGA), held every evening at seven, is the main OWS decision-making

body and provides much of the leadership and executive function for the protesters. At its meetings the various

OWS committees discuss their thoughts and needs, and the meetings are open to the public for both attendance and

speaking. The meetings are without formal leadership, although certain members routinely act as moderators.

Meeting participants comment upon committee proposals using a process called a "stack", which is a queue of

speakers that anyone can join. New York uses what is called a progressive stack, in which people from

marginalized groups are sometimes allowed to speak before people from dominant groups, with facilitators, or

stack-keepers, urging speakers to "step forward, or step back" based on which group they belong to, meaning that

women and minorities may move to the front of the line, while white men must often wait for a turn to

speak.[65][66][67]

Volunteers take minutes of the meetings so that organizers who are not in attendance can be kept

up-to-date.[68][69]

In addition to the over 70 working groups[70]

that perform much of the daily work and planning of

Occupy Wall Street, the organizational structure also includes "spokes councils," at which every working group

can participate.[71]

According to Fordham University communications professor Paul Levinson, Occupy Wall Street and similar

movements symbolize another rise of direct democracy that has not actually been seen since ancient times.[72]

Sociologist Heather Gautney, also from Fordham University, has said that while the organization calls itself

leaderless, the protest in Zuccotti Park has discernible "organizers".[73]

Even with the perception of a movement

with no leaders, leaders have emerged. Ad hoc leaders discussed whether to leave. They plan for the occupation of

other cities and neighborhoods, with an infrastructure to keep the movement beyond just the park. A facilitator of

some of the movement's more contentious discussions, Nicole Carty, says “Usually when we think of leadership,

we think of authority, but nobody has authority here,” - “People lead by example, stepping up when they need to

and stepping back when they need to.”[74]

According to TheStreet.com, some organizers have made more of a

commitment and are more visible than others, with a core of about five main organizers being the most active.[75]

Critics of the General Assembly believe that consensus-based democracy cannot work in a group that is larger than

a couple hundred people because it requires excessive amounts of monitoring in order to prevent free-riding, and

works best with like-minded individuals. They also suggest that there is a higher chance of groupthink among

consensus-based groups because there is pressure to conform in order to maintain consensus.[76]

Funding

Most of OWS funding comes from middle-class donors with incomes in the $50,000 to $100,000 range, and the

median donation was $22.[58]

According to finance group member Pete Dutro, OWS had accumulated over

$600,000 and had $450,000 remaining as of November 21, 2011. During the period that protesters were encamped

in the park the funds were being used to purchase food and other necessities and to bail out fellow protesters. In the

future members of the OWS finance committee say they will initiate a process to streamline the movement and re-

evaluate their budget. They may eliminate or restructure some of the "working groups" they no longer need on a

day-to-day basis. "We have some ideas but we want to hear ideas from the other working groups," said Dutro, "So

we can put forward a proposal that would be fair and suit everybody's needs." Presently the movement continues to

organize out of donated office space and give money to other "occupations." [77]

According to The Wall Street Journal, "A few weeks ago, the Alliance for Global Justice, a Washington-based

nonprofit, agreed to sponsor Occupy Wall Street and lend it its tax-exempt status, so donors could write off

contributions. That means the Alliance for Global Justice's board has final say on spending, though it says it's not

involved in decisions and will only step in if the protesters want to spend money on something that might violate

their tax-exempt status."[78][78][79]

As of late October it was reported that the OWS Finance Committee works with a

lawyer and an accountant to track finances; the group has a substantial amount of money deposited at the

Amalgamated Bank nearby, after first making deposits at the Lower East Side People's Federal Credit Union.[80]

In

late October the General Assembly of Occupy Wall Street registered for tax exempt status as a 501(c)(3)[81]

Occupy Wall Street accepts tax-deductible donations, primarily through the movement's website.[77]

Zuccotti Park encampment

Zuccotti Park with the "Occupy" encampment's 'People's Library'

Prior to being closed to overnight use, somewhere between 100 and 200 people slept in Zuccotti Park. Initially

tents were not allowed and protesters slept in sleeping bags or under blankets.[82]

Meal service started at a total cost

of about $1,000 per day; while some visitors ate at nearby restaurants[83]

according to the New York Post local

vendors fared badly[84]

and many businesses surrounding the park were adversely affected.[85]

However, MSNBC

reported that small-business owners generally "are almost evenly split on whether they support the protest

movement."[86]

Other Contribution boxes collected about $5,000 a day, and supplies came in from around the

country.[83]

Eric Smith, a local chef who was laid off at the Sheraton in Midtown, said that he was running a five-

star restaurant in the park.[87]

In late-October kitchen volunteers complained about working 18 hour days to feed

people who were not part of the movement and served only brown rice, simple sandwiches, and potato chips for

three days.[88]

The protesters constructed a greywater treatment system to recycle dishwater contaminants.[89][90]

The filtered

water was used for the park's plants and flowers. Many protesters used the bathrooms of nearby business

establishments.[91]

Some supporters donated use of their bathrooms for showers and the sanitary needs of

protesters.[92][93]

New York City requires a permit to use "amplified sound," including electric bullhorns. Since Occupy Wall Street

does not have a permit, the protesters have created the "human microphone" in which a speaker pauses while the

nearby members of the audience repeat the phrase in unison. The effect has been called "comic or exhilarating—

often all at once." Some feel this has provided a further unifying effect for the crowd.[94][95]

Feeding people in the temporary camp simple sandwiches

During the weeks that overnight use of the park was allowed, a separate area was set aside for an information area

which contained laptop computers and several wireless routers.[96][97]

The items were powered with gas generators

until the New York Fire Department removed them on October 28, saying they were a fire hazard.[98]

Protesters

then used bicycles rigged with an electricity-generating apparatus to charge batteries to power the protesters'

laptops and other electronics.[99]

According to the Columbia Journalism Review's New Frontier Database, the

media team, while unofficial, runs websites like Occupytogether.org, video livestream, a "steady flow of updates

on Twitter, and Tumblr" as well as Skype sessions with other demonstrators.[100]

In October a makeshift tent was erected, formally calling itself The People's Library, and began offering free wi-fi

internet to protesters and containing over 5,000 books. The library operated 24/7 and used an honor system to

manage returns. It offered weekly poetry readings on Friday nights, provided a reference serviced frequently

staffed by professional librarians, and procured materials available through the interlibrary loan system.[101]

However, the library was removed on November 15 when the park was closed to overnight use and it was reported

that many of the books were destroyed. The library's cataloging system is accessible online at LibraryThing, which

donated a free lifetime membership.

Zuccotti Park, cleared and cleaned on November 15, 2011

On October 6, Brookfield Office Properties, which owns Zuccotti Park, issued a statement that "Sanitation is a

growing concern... Normally the park is cleaned and inspected every weeknight[, but] because the protesters refuse

to cooperate ... the park has not been cleaned since Friday, September 16 and as a result, sanitary conditions have

reached unacceptable levels."[102][103]

On October 13, New York City's mayor Bloomberg and Brookfield announced that the park must be vacated for

cleaning the following morning at 7 am.[104]

However, protesters vowed to "defend the occupation" after police

said they wouldn’t allow them to return with sleeping bags and other gear following the cleaning, under rules set

by the private park’s owner—and many protesters spent the night sweeping and mopping the park.[105][106]

The next

morning, the property owner postponed its cleaning effort.[105]

Having prepared for a confrontation with the

authorities to prevent the cleaning effort from proceeding, some protesters clashed with police in riot gear outside

City Hall after it was canceled.[104]

Shortly after midnight on November 15, 2011, the New York Police Department gave protesters notice from the

park's owner (Brookfield Office Properties) to leave Zuccotti Park due to its purportedly unsanitary and hazardous

conditions. The notice stated that they could return without sleeping bags, tarps or tents.[107][108]

About an hour

later, police in riot gear began removing protesters from the park, arresting some 200 people in the process,

including a number of journalists. While the police raid was in progress, the Occupy Wall Street Media Team

issued an official response under the heading, "You can't evict an idea whose time has come."[109]

Reaction

Public opinion

National polls from October to December 2011 were mixed, with agreement/approval ratings for Occupy Wall

Street varying from 59% to 22%, but approval was fairly consistently larger than disapproval, with large numbers

often not giving an opinion.

September - October 2011

An NBC/Wall Street Journal survey released October 12 found that 37 percent of respondents "tend to support" the

occupy movement, while 18 percent "tend to oppose" it.[110]

An October 13 survey by TIME magazine found that

54 percent of Americans have a favorable impression of the protests, while 23 percent have a negative impression.

An October 18 Gallup poll found that 22 percent of Americans agree with the protest's goals, while 15 percent

disapprove and the remaining 61% say they don't know enough to decide. Gallup found that Democrats,

Independents and Republicans all follow the news about OWS in equal numbers, and those who closely followed

OWS were more likely to approve of its goals and methods.[111]

An October CBS News/New York Times polls

found 43% of Americans agree with Occupy Wall Street while 27% disagree.[112]

An October Rasmussen poll

found an almost even split, shows that 33 percent of Americans have a favorable view, while 27 percent are

unfavorable and 40 percent have no opinion.[113]

A Pew poll taken October 20-23 had similar findings, with 39%

supporting "the Occupy Wall Street movement," while 35% opposed.[114]

An October United

Technologies/National Journal Congressional poll found that 59 percent of Americans agree with the movement

while 31 percent disagree.[115]

An October Quinnipiac University poll of New York City voters found that 67 percent of New Yorkers approved

of the movement with 23 percent disapproving. The results also found 87 percent of New Yorkers find it OK that

they are protesting.[116]

Despite media criticism that the protesters views are incoherent, the poll also found that 72

percent of New York City voters understand their views.[117]

November - December 2011

A NY1-Marist Poll released November 1 showed 44 percent of New York voters supported the Occupy Wall

Street movement, while only 21 percent supported the Tea Party.[118]

A survey of roughly 1,000 adults conducted

from November 10 to 14 found that majorities of nearly identical size felt that Occupy Wall Street, and the Tea

Party, respectively, did not share their values.[119]

A November 3 poll done by Quinnipiac University found that 30

percent of American voters have a favorable view of the protests, while 39 percent do not. The same poll found

that among independent voters, 29 percent have a favorable view opposed to 42 percent who have an unfavorable

view, while 45% of Democrats have a favorable view opposed to 19% who have an unfavorable view.[120][121]

A

Pew Research Center poll, released December 15th, 2011, found that nearly three months after the start of OWS,

44% support the Occupy Wall Street movement and 35% oppose it. Americans overwhelmingly agree with the

concerns raised by the movement, but more disapprove of the tactics used than approve.[122]

According to a November Wall Street Journal article, the age group that most strongly supported OWS were 50 to

64, and OWS had the strongest support among those making $50,000 to $70,000 a year, rather than under $30,000,

with only 27% of people making over $75,000 a year backing the movement. Managers and other professionals

supported the movement more than blue-collar workers, and men over 50 showed the strongest support.[123]

These

findings were contradicted by a December Pew Poll, which found opposition to OWS "higher in the older and

affluent" while those making under $75,000 a year and those under 29 were the most supportive. The Pew poll

(published Dec. 15th) also found more support than opposition in Democrats (60/21) and Independents (46/34),

and more opposition than support in Republicans (21/59). [124]

Political response

The White House

During an October 6 news conference, President Obama said, "I think it expresses the frustrations the American

people feel, that we had the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, huge collateral damage all

throughout the country ... and yet you're still seeing some of the same folks who acted irresponsibly trying to fight

efforts to crack down on the abusive practices that got us into this in the first place."[125][126][127]

When Jake Tapper

of ABC News pushed Obama to explain the fact that his administration hasn't prosecuted any Wall Street

executives who didn't play by the rules, he replied, "One of the biggest problems about the collapse of Lehman's

and the subsequent financial crisis and the whole subprime lending fiasco is that a lot of that stuff wasn't

necessarily illegal; it was just immoral or inappropriate or reckless."[128][129]

On October 18, when interviewed by

ABC news, he said "in some ways, they’re not that different from some of the protests that we saw coming from

the Tea Party. Both on the left and the right, I think people feel separated from their government. They feel that

their institutions aren’t looking out for them."[130][131]

On November 22, President Barack Obama was "mike-checked"[132]

at a speech in New Hampshire by a group of

Occupy Wall Street protesters as a series of call-and-response quips ensued, "Mr. President: Over 4,000 peaceful

protesters have been arrested while bankers continue to destroy the economy. You must stop the assault on our

First Amendment rights. Your silence sends a message that police brutality is acceptable. Banks got bailed out. We

got sold out."[132][133]

The crowd quickly drowned the protesters out with chants of “Obama!” Obama then

responded, "I appreciate you guys making your point. Let me go ahead and make mine."[132][134]

Later in the

speech, Obama said, “Families like yours, young people like the ones here today — including the ones who were

just chanting at me — you’re the reason that I ran for office in the first place.”[133]

Vice President Joe Biden likened the protest to the Tea Party's similar anger at the banks, saying, "Look, guys, the

bargain is not on the level anymore in the minds of the vast majority of the American (people). The middle class

has been screwed."[135]

Congress

House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va), at the Values Voter Summit

House Democratic Leader Rep. Nancy Pelosi, said she supports the growing nationwide Occupy Wall Street

movement. Pelosi said she includes herself in the group of Americans dissatisfied with Congress and stated, "I

support the message to the establishment, whether it's Wall Street or the political establishment and the rest, that

change has to happen. We cannot continue in a way (that) is not relevant to their lives."[136]

Independent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who caucuses with the Democratic Party, appeared on

Countdown with Keith Olbermann and supported the protests saying, "We desperately need a coming together of

working people to stand up to Wall Street. We need to rebuild the middle-class in this country and you guys can't

have it all."[137]

House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va), in a speech to a Values Voter Summit, characterized the movement as

"growing mobs" and said that Obama's "failed policies" and rhetoric "condon[ing] the pitting of Americans against

Americans" were to blame. In response, White House Press Secretary Jay Carney accused Cantor of "unbound"

hypocrisy, given the Majority Leader's support of the Tea Party protests, adding, "I don't understand why one

man's mob is another man's democracy." Carney characterized both movements as examples of American

democratic traditions.[138]

The Democratic co-chairs of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, Representatives Raúl Grijalva and Keith

Ellison, announced their solidarity with the movement on October 4.[139]

The Democratic Congressional Campaign

Committee is asking for 100,000 names on its website which will subsequently be added to 100,000 letters to

Speaker of the House John Boehner and House Majority Leader Eric Cantor expressing support for the Occupy

Wall Street protesters, the middle class, and opposition to tax loopholes for millionaires and big oil.[140]

2012 Presidential candidates

U.S. Congressman and 2012 Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul (R-TX) stated, "If they were

demonstrating peacefully, and making a point, and arguing our case, and drawing attention to the Fed—I would

say, 'good!'"[141]

In a GOP debate, mentioning the ongoing “Occupy Wall Street” protesters, he stated that crony

capitalists are those “that benefit from contract from government, benefit from the Federal Reserve, benefit from

all the bailouts. They don’t deserve compassion. They deserve taxation or they deserve to have all their benefits

removed."[142]

When protesters conducted a 'mic check,' at one of Ron Paul's rallies, he replied, "If you listen

carefully, I'm very much involved with the 99. I've been condemning that 1% because they've been ripping us off.

The people on Wall Street got the bailouts and you guys got stuck with the bills and that's where I see the problem

is."[143][144]

Former 2012 Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain accused the movement of being "anti-capitalist" and

argued "Don't blame Wall Street, don't blame the big banks, if you don't have a job and you're not rich, blame

yourself!"[145]

In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Cain also expressed his belief that Occupy Wall Street

was "planned and orchestrated to distract from the failed policies of the Obama administration," but admitted that

he "[didn't] have facts" to back up his accusation.[146]

Former Speaker of the House of Representatives and 2012 Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich was

quoted as saying at the 2012 Bloomberg/Washington Post Debate, "Let me draw a distinction. Virtually every

American has a reason to be angry. I think virtually [every] American has a reason to be worried. I think the people

who are protesting in Wall Street break into two groups: one is left-wing agitators who would be happy to show up

next week on any other topic, and the other is sincere middle-class people who frankly are very close to the Tea

Party people who care. And actually... you can tell which are which. The people who are decent, responsible

citizens pick up after themselves. The people who are just out there as activists trash the place and walk off and are

proud of having trashed it, so let’s draw that distinction."[147]

On November 21, Gingrich was quoted as saying to

the protesters that they should "Go get a job right after you take a bath."[148]

2012 Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney said that while there were "bad actors" that needed to be

"found and plucked out", he believes that to aim at one industry or region of America is a mistake and views

encouraging the Occupy Wall Street protests as "dangerous" and inciting "class warfare".[149][150]

Romney later

expressed sympathy for the movement, saying, "I look at what's happening on Wall Street and my view is, boy, I

understand how those people feel."[151]

2012 Republican presidential candidate Buddy Roemer expressed support for the movement, saying, "We have

almost permanent unemployment. They say it’s nine percent, but the real unemployment rate is more like 16

percent. These are people there are no jobs for, or they have to work part time to try to make ends meet. It’s

disturbing. The Wall Street protest is unshaped, unfocused, but there’s a lot of power in it."[152]

On October 18, 2012 Republican presidential candidate Gary Johnson visited with the protesters in New York,

expressing his support for the movement, stating, "I just have to express my solidarity with everyone there that

expresses the notion that we have a country that doles it out unfairly. Corporatism is alive and well in this

country."[153]

Jill Stein, a 2012 Green Party (GPUS) presidential candidate, has strongly and consistently voiced support for the

Occupy Wall Street movement. On October 9, prior to announcing her candidacy, she visited occupied Dewey

Square in Boston, where she thanked the protesters for "breaking through the sound barrier," established by the

"conglomerate media" which, according to her, have silenced those who have tried to speak out against

injustice.[154]

Other politicians

Mayor Bloomberg said that the protests "aren't productive," although he also expressed sympathy for some of their

complaints.[155]

On October 8, during his weekly radio show, Bloomberg complained that the protesters are trying

to "take the jobs from the people working in the city," and said that although "[t]here are some people with

legitimate complaints, there are some people who just like to protest."[156]

In an interview with The Washington Post, Former Democratic U.S. Senator Russ Feingold endorsed the

movement on October 5 stating, "This is like the Tea Party—only it's real... By the time this is over, it will make

the Tea Party look like ... a tea party."[157]

Former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State

Colin Powell declared that the demonstrations of the OWS movement were "as American as apple pie," adding

"“This is something that our political leaders need to think about. It isn’t enough just to scream at our Occupy Wall

Street demonstrators — we need our political system to start reflecting this anger back into how do we fix it? How

do we get the economy going again?”[158]

Labor unions

On October 5 members of the National Nurses United labor union march to Foley Square in support of OWS

In September, various labor unions, including the Transport Workers Union of America Local 100 and the New

York Metro 32BJ Service Employees International Union, pledged their support for demonstrators.[159]

Union

leaders say that unions and OWS can offer mutual support, with OWS gaining from the union's money, stature, and

large membership, and the weakened labor movement absorbing the protesters vitality.[160][161]

The Industrial

Workers of the World announced on September 28, 2011, that its General Executive Board (GEB), and the

General Defense Committee (GDC) had issued statements of support for Occupy Wall Street.[162][163]

After

numerous arrests of protesters on the Brooklyn Bridge, police commandeered city buses to pick up detained

protesters and union drivers later sued the New York Police Department. Union President John Samuelsen said,

"We're down with these protesters. We support the notion that rich folk are not paying their fair share. Our bus

operators are not going to be pressed into service to arrest protesters anywhere".[164]

On October 4, representatives

from more than 14 of the country's largest labor unions joined the protesters for a mass rally and march.[165]

In

early November, National Nurses United (NNU), the largest union of registered nurses in the nation, expressed

support for OWS and rallied in front of the White House and Department of Treasury. Karen Higgins, co-president

of NNU, said, "A real finance tax would generate $350 billion a year in the U.S. alone and bring relief to families

out of homes, friends out of work, patients out of care, communities running out of time. The tax starts a revenue

flow back to the 99 percent." [166]

Noting the growing union support, an article in the progressive-leaning Mother Jones magazine said that union

support could splinter and derail the protests rather than sustain them because while unions are tightly organized,

hierarchical, and run with a clear chain of command, Occupy Wall Street is the opposite in that they are "a

horizontal, autonomous, leaderless, modified-consensus-based system with roots in anarchist thought." However,

the article went on to suggest that if the unions and OWS joined together they could work to create a progressive

movement that "effectively taps into the rising feeling among many Americans that economic opportunity has been

squashed by corporate greed and the influence of the very rich in politics."[167]

As the success of the movement has

become apparent, union organizers have begun to embrace some of their social media skills, bold tactics, and the

simplicity of the 99% slogan. Damon Silvers, the AFL–CIO's policy director, said, “We think the Occupy

movement has given voice to something very basic about what’s going on in our country right now. The fact that

they’ve figured out certain concepts and language for doing that, we think is really important and positive.”[168]

The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW)

has endorsed the movement saying, "We recognize the need to work together and learn from each other. The

vitality, energy and dialogue growing from the Occupy Wall Street movement show the potential to organize, build

power and win justice for the middle class.”[169]

Federal Reserve

During a hearing before the Joint Economic Committee October 4, 2011, Federal Reserve Chairperson Ben

Bernanke said, "[P]eople are quite unhappy with the state of the economy and what’s happening. They blame, with

some justification, the problems in the financial sector for getting us into this mess, and they’re dissatisfied with

the policy response here in Washington. And at some level, I can’t blame them. Certainly, 9 percent

unemployment and very slow growth is not a good situation."[170]

On November 2, he again expressed sympathy

with frustrations about the economy but also said many of the complaints levied at the Fed, including those made

against the steps it took during the financial crisis, are misguided. “The concerns about the Fed are based on

misconceptions,” he said. “A very simplistic interpretation of that [criticism] was that we were doing that because

we wanted to preserve banker salaries. That was obviously not the case.”[171]

Dallas Federal Reserve President

Richard W. Fisher said that he was "somewhat sympathetic" to the views of the protesters, and added, "We have

too many people out of work. We have a very uneven distribution of income. We have a very frustrated people,

and I can understand their frustration."[172]

Media response

A protester's sign references the alleged lack of news coverage by mass media as a 'media blackout.'

[173][174][175]

Five days into the protest, Keith Olbermann criticized the initial media response for failing to adequately cover the

protests.[176][177]

The protests began on Saturday, September 17. The following Wednesday, The New York

Observer reported on the nascent protests in Zuccotti Park.[176][178]

On Friday, September 23, Ginia Bellafante

panned the movement in The New York Times.[179]

Joanna Weiss of The Boston Globe found it difficult to take the

protests seriously, criticizing Occupy Wall Street for its "circus" atmosphere."[180]

In a September 27 article,

Lauren Ellis of Mother Jones magazine criticized the movement's lack of a clear message.[181]

By October 4, economist Richard Wolff commented that the unclear shape of the movement is "mostly irrelevant"

at this early stage and the priority should be to invite all interested parties.[182]

Kalle Lasn, co-founder of Adbusters,

believed that the protests had gone mainstream and expressed the opinion that "it's become kind of a political left

movement in the U.S., hopefully to rival the Tea Party."[183]

Michael Daly, of Newsweek and The Daily Beast

characterized the position of the protesters as a "feeling that there is just a fundamental unfairness. From their point

of view, the very people who almost wrecked the U.S. economy on Wall Street continue to get wealthy while

working people are struggling to pay their bills."[184]

On October 11, Katrina vanden Heuvel, who writes a weekly

column for The Post and is the editor and publisher of The Nation, said "most understand that the main task ahead

is growing the movement," and pointing to recent legislation, she suggests that the movement has already

influenced public dialogue.[185]

From October 17–21 Cenk Uygur of the internet news show The Young Turks

filmed the political segment of the show in Zuccotti Park.[citation needed]

MSNBC's Technolog noted that policymakers had failed to address economic problems, and news media had failed

to cover the unemployment crisis: "Tracking CNN, MSNBC and Fox, ThinkProgress found 7,583 mentions of the

word 'debt,' compared to 427 mentions of 'unemployment' on all three networks combined." NM Incite said 22% of

tweets using the #OccupyWallStreet hashtag voiced general support for the movement, 11% indicated participation

in it, 5% described celebrity support, 11% were complaints against the movement, 13% shared news, 6% shared

videos, 4% blamed government, 2% blamed Obama, and 1% blamed capitalism.

Police response

Community relations detective Rick Lee, called "The Hipster Cop"

Police reaction has varied. Some incidents have been criticized. The New York City Police Department has

assigned Rick Lee, a First Precinct community relations detective, to duty at the demonstration. He is one of the

department's main liaisons with the protesters on behalf of the police department, and advises protesters on such

matters as, avoiding arrest and getting along with police as well as attempting to get information of protesters

plans. As a plainclothes officer, he has been referred to as the "hipster cop"[186]

for his attire consisting of glasses,

cardigan sweaters, skinny ties and skinny trousers. Reaction to his presence is mixed.[187]

Occupy Wall Street has cost the Police Department $5 million in overtime as of October 27.[188]

Police statistics

show competing information. Arrests and crimes have risen, while the number of summonses has fallen. How

dangerous it may be for Occupy Wall Street protesters and nearby residents is difficult to assess due to an informal

divide that has sprung up between who patrols inside and outside the park. While NYC police are stationed around

the periphery, police seem to have ceded patrol of the interior to protesters.[189]

The protesters have complained of noise from the New York Police using small handheld LRAD sound cannons to

communicate instructions to protesters, in an effort to break up the demonstrations.[190][191]

International response

Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff said, "We agree with some of the expressions that some movements have used

around the world [in] demonstrations like the ones we see in the US and other countries."[192]

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said that because there was nothing like a Canadian TARP program, he did

not think Canadians were as angry as Americans.[193]

Finance Minister Jim Flaherty expressed sympathy with the

protests, citing high unemployment amongst the youth. Comparing Canada to the U.S., he said that unlike the U.S., Canada has a progressive income tax system that favors the vulnerable, and the government has regulated and

supervised its financial institutions.[194]

People's Republic of China state news agency Xinhua said the protests had exposed "fundamental problems" with the

US economic and political systems, and that it showed "a clear need for Washington, which habitually rushes to demand other governments to change when there are popular protests in their countries, to put its own house in

order."[195]

Egyptian protesters from Tahrir Square have spoken out in support of Occupy Wall Street. A message of solidarity issued by a collective of Cairo-based protesters declared: "As the interests of government increasingly cater to the

interests and comforts of private, transnational capital, our cities and homes have become progressively more abstract

and violent places, subject to the casual ravages of the next economic development or urban renewal scheme. An

entire generation across the globe has grown up realizing, rationally and emotionally, that we have no future in the current order of things."

[20]

Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou supported the U.S. protests saying, "We fight for changing the global

economic system, like many anti-Wall Street citizens who rightly protest against the inequalities and injustices of the system."

[196][197]

Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated, "There are reasons why people are protesting. People are protesting

in Wall Street, in Europe about the fat salaries that the bankers are getting when people are being asked to tighten

their belts. There is problem of growing unemployment in the United States. There is also worry in Europe. So there

are problems which the system must have credible answers to take them on board."[198]

The Korean Central News Agency of North Korea commented that the Occupy Wall Street movement were "in

protest against exploitation and oppression by capital, shaking all fabrics of society."[199][200]

Former president of Poland and cofounder of the Polish Solidarity Movement, Lech Wałęsa, has expressed his

support for Occupy Wall Street and is considering a visit to the site.[201]

Former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev compared it to the perestroika period and the dissolution of the

Soviet Union superpower, calling the protests justified. He said Americans should put their own house in order

before attempting to do such with other countries.[202]

Former United Kingdom Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the protests were about fairness. "There are voices in

the middle who say, ‘Look, we can build a better financial system that is more sustainable, that is based on a better

and proportionate sense of what’s just and fair and where people don’t take reckless risks or, if they do, they’re penalized for doing so.’"

[203]

Former United Kingdom Prime Minister Tony Blair criticized the movement, stating, “a protest is not the same as a

policy. Someone who’s demonstrating will often make demands, but they don’t necessarily have answers.”[204]

Vatican City Cardinal Peter Turkson, a senior Vatican official, defended the protests: "Do people at a certain time have a right to say: 'Do business differently, look at the way you are doing business because this is not leading to our

welfare, to our good'? Can people demand this of the people of Wall Street? I think people can and should be able

to."[205]

The comment was in light of a new publication the Vatican released entitled Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of Global Public Authority, which agreed with many of

the protesters' issues.[206][207]

Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez condemned what he claimed to be "horrible repression" of the Occupy Wall

Street activists and expressed solidarity with the movement.[208]

Responses by notable people

Authors and academics

Naomi Klein leading an open forum on October 6

Kate Pickett, coauthor of The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better, said in The

Guardian that "Few doubt that it was the actions of the rich and the super-rich, the 1%, that created the crisis. But

sadly, debate has not yet been translated into action...This is why we need the Occupy movement and the staunch

actions of the trade unions – why we need protest and demonstrations and activism."[209]

Canadian writer Naomi Klein has spoken at the protest several times. Writing in the New York Times she said she

is "delighted" that OWS has not given in to issuing a list of demands. "This is a young movement still in the

process of determining just how powerful it is, and that power will determine what demands are possible. Small

movements have to settle for small reforms: big ones have the freedom to dream."[210]

Professor and author Cornel West addressed the frustrations that some critics have expressed at the protest’s lack

of a clear and unified message, saying, "It’s impossible to translate the issue of the greed of Wall Street into one

demand, or two demands. We’re talking about a democratic awakening."[211]

Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig who has called for a Second Constitution of the United States agreed with

the demands of OWS protestors but felt that too many demands generated "noise"; he called for clarity.[212]

Philosopher Slavoj Žižek gave a speech on Wall Street in which he expressed support for the protests saying,

"They tell you we are dreamers. The true dreamers are those who think things can go on indefinitely the way they

are. We are not dreamers. We are awakening from a dream which is turning into a nightmare."[213][214][215]

On November 15, when police closed the park to overnight use by the protesters, Chris Hedges, who has been

participating since the onset, wrote in his weekly column that he believed that through a rigid adherence to

nonviolence and a verbal respect for the police, the movement would continue to move forward to see the

realization of its goals.[216]

Author Barbara Ehrenreich, in response to the dismantling of the occupations, stated

that "One of the appalling things here is that there are so many Democratic mayors involved in these crackdowns

or in Bloomberg's case, someone who is seen as a liberal."[217]

Over one thousand authors have announced their support for the movement via “Occupy Writers”, an online

petition that states “We, the undersigned writers and all who will join us, support Occupy Wall Street and the

Occupy Movement around the world.”[218]

The initiative began when Jeff Sharlet e-mailed Salman Rushdie to

suggest a petition for writers who support Occupy Wall Street,[219]

and signatories range the spectrum of literary

genres and academic disciplines and include Margaret Atwood,[220]

Noam Chomsky,[220][221]

Neil Gaiman, Daniel

Handler also known as Lemony Snicket, and Alice Walker.[222]

The site also features original work from the

writers expressing their take on the Occupy movement.[223][224]

Authors and academics supporting include professor of economics and best-selling author Ravi Batra,[225][226]

anthropologist David Graeber,[227]

Stéphane Hessel,[228]

Nobel Prize winning economists Paul Krugman,[229]

and

Joseph Stiglitz,[230]

Jeff Madrick,[230]

Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales,[231]

and professor of economics Richard D.

Wolff.[232]

Businesspeople

John Paulson, billionaire and founder of the hedge fund Paulson & Co., criticized the protesters for "vilifying our

most successful businesses," citing that "The top 1% of New Yorkers pay over 40% of all income taxes, providing

huge benefits to everyone in our city and state."[233]

Vikram Pandit, head of Citigroup, called the protesters'

sentiments "completely understandable" and said that Wall Street had broken the trust of its clients.[234]

Bill Gross,

manager of PIMCO's Total Return Fund, the world's largest mutual fund, stated "Class warfare by the 99%? Of

course, they're fighting back after 30 years of being shot at."[235]

PIMCO's co-CEO Mohamed El-Erian argued that

people should "listen to Occupy Wall Street".[236]

Businessman and CEO Peter Schiff wrote an opinion column

where he stated, "I own a brokerage firm, but I didn't receive any bailout money... Yes, I am the 1% - but I've

earned every penny. Instead of trying to take my wealth away, I hope they learn from my example."[237]

The

lobbying firm Clark Lytle Geduldig & Cranford proposed to the American Bankers Association a plan to respond

to the Occupy movement by researching the 'backers' and doing public relations work against them like putting

negative stories in the media.[238]

Karl Denninger, former CEO and one of the original co-founders of the Tea Party movement, expressed support

for the movement, saying "The problem with protests and the political process is that it is very easy, no matter how

big the protest is, for the politicians to simply wait until the people go home, and then they can ignore you. Well,

Occupy Wall Street was a little different, and back in 2008, I wrote that when we will actually see change is when

the people come, they set up camp, and they refuse to go home. That appears to be happening now."[239]

Jeff

Immelt, CEO of General Electric and a member of Obama's Economic Recovery Advisory Board, stated "It is

natural to assume that people are angry, and I think we have to be empathetic and understand that people are not

feeling great."[240]

Ray Dalio, founder of Bridgewater Associates, the world's largest hedge fund, stated in an

interview with Charlie Rose, "I think the number one problem is that we're not having a quality dialogue...I

certainly understand the frustration, I understand the dilemma, I understand the discontent."[241]

Other business

leaders lending their support include George Soros[242]

and Russell Simmons.[243]

Celebrities

Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, who is a member of the Industrial Workers of the World, on Day 28 of Occupy Wall Street

[244]

On September 19, Roseanne Barr, the first celebrity to endorse the protest, spoke to protesters calling for a

combination of capitalism and socialism and a system not based on "bloated talk radio hosts and that goddamn

Ayn Rand book".[245][246]

Filmmaker Michael Moore also spoke in support, saying, "They have tried to take our democracy and turn it into a

kleptocracy."[247][248]

Rapper Lupe Fiasco, one of the initial supporters of Occupy Wall Street, wrote a poem,

"Moneyman", for the protest.[249][250]

Susan Sarandon spoke at the demonstration saying, "I came down here to

educate myself.... There's a huge void between the rich and the poor in this country."[251]

Actor and activist Mark

Ruffalo has supported the Occupy Wall Street protest saying, "Peaceful Resistance. That is what changes the

world. We must be peaceful. This movement is about decency."[252]

Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel played a solo acoustic set for the protesters on October 4,[253]

and Tom

Morello performed on October 13.[254]

Folk singer Pete Seeger led a group of several hundred protesters on a

march through the streets on October 22, singing several songs, including "This Land Is Your Land" and "We

Shall Overcome". Other musicians joining them included Arlo Guthrie, Tao Rodríguez-Seeger, Tom Chapin,

David Amram, and Guy Davis.[255]

On October 23, Asmaa Mahfouz, whose video blog helped spark the 2011 uprising in Egypt, held a teach-in at

Liberty Plaza. When asked why she came to the OWS protest she replied, "Many of U.S. residents was in

solidarity with us. So, we have to keep going all over the world, because another world is possible for all of

us."[256]

On October 23, musicians Sean Lennon and Rufus Wainwright showed their support for the Occupy movement

and played among a large crowd in Zuccotti Park.[257][258]

On October 25, international street artist Above

completed a 255 foot long mural in Miami, Florida that read "Give a wall st. banker enough rope and he will hang

himself" next to Interstate 95. The artist installed a controversial effigy that mimicked a 'wall st' banker hanging

from a noose.[259][260]

On November 8, folk-rock singers David Crosby and Graham Nash appeared at Zuccotti Park to offer their support

and sing to the occupiers.[261]

Three days later, on November 11, folk singer Joan Baez sang there as well. Many of

the young protesters were not familiar with her songs and were unaware of her long history as an activist.[262]

In fellowship with "Occupy Writers", hundreds are signed supporters as "Occupy Musicians"[263]

and "Occupy

Filmmakers",[264]

respectively. Additionally, "Occupy Comics"[265]

and "Occupy Design"[266]

have lent their talent

in support. Other celebrities lending their support include John Carlos,[267]

Anti-Flag,[268]

Radiohead,[220][269]

Talib

Kweli,[270]

and Kanye West.[271]

Miley Cyrus released a video on her official YouTube channel for the remix of "Liberty Walk" from her album

Can't Be Tamed. The video is entirely made of footage from the Occupy movement, including "police beatings,

things burning and lots of angry marching".[272]

On her YouTube channel the video is dedicated "to the thousands

of people who are standing up for what they believe in..."[272][273]

Wealthy supporters

Several wealthy supporters have joined the protest, and have started a blog, westandwiththe99percent,[274]

in which

they say, "I am the 1%. I stand with the 99%," and give their stories.[275]

The granddaughter of oil tycoon H. L.

Hunt, Leah Hunt-Hendrix, 28, was quoted as saying “We should acknowledge our privilege and claim the

responsibilities that come with it.”[275]

Farhad Ebrahimi, who received an inheritance as a teenager, has been

participating in the Occupy Boston protest wearing a T-shirt that says, "Tax me. I'm good for it."[275]

Russell

Simmons, hip-hop artist and successful businessman, has actively supported the OWS movement saying that he

believes that it is his moral duty to do so. "You give what you get. I want to do what I can to relieve suffering and

improve the quality of other's lives."[276]

Criticism

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this

message until the dispute is resolved. (December 2011)

There has been criticism of the Occupy Wall Street movement by various groups and individuals.

In an opinion piece in the Wall Street Journal, pollster Douglas Schoen wrote that the protesters reflect "values

that are dangerously out of touch with the broad mass of the American people" and have "a deep commitment to

left-wing policies: opposition to free-market capitalism and support for radical redistribution of wealth, intense

regulation of the private sector, and protectionist policies to keep American jobs from going overseas", and that

politicians who support them will be hurt in the 2012 elections.[277]

Journalist David Weigel responded in an

opinion piece published on Slate characterizing Schoen's opinion piece as "a dishonest column full of claims that

couldn't be backed up by his own research",[278]

while Washington Monthly lead blogger Steve Benen wrote an

opinion piece accusing Schoen of political spin in his analysis and referring to Schoen, a frequent contributor to

Fox News, as "the quintessential 'Fox News Democrat'".[279]

A group of bloggers, led by political commentator Erick Erickson, organized a website criticizing the movement

entitled "We Are the 53%," referring to the 53% of Americans who earn enough income to pay federal income

taxes.[280]

An opinion piece by CBS contributor Jim Edwards, comparing the We are the 99% blog to the 53%

blog, commented that "once you've looked at both blogs, the impression you come away with is that the recession

is as devastating to conservatives as it is to liberals, but that conservatives regard their misfortunes as their own

fault whereas the liberals see structural forces at work -- lack of health insurance, student loans -- that they cannot

overcome."[281]

Mike Brownfield of The Heritage Foundation argued that rejection of the capitalist system and the policies that

OWS protesters advocate, including limits on trade and student loan forgiveness, would not lead to improved

economic conditions for unemployed Americans. According to Brownfield, the Foundation believes it is "right to

decry out-of-control bailouts and corporate subsidies" and there are valid concerns regarding the economy,

unemployment rates and low job creation. However, Heritage argued that capitalism is key to improving the

economy and that the movement is focusing on the wrong solutions to the problems they protest: it should be

protesting the expansion of government instead of calling for more government intervention.[282]

Mark Tooley of the Institute on Religion and Democracy, said that while Occupy Wall Street has succeeded in

getting attention, it is limited because it is only attracting religious support from the left.[283]

He said that a call for

the government redistribution of wealth and reliance on street activism did not appeal to those with conservative

political or religious leanings.[283]

The protest has been criticized for tolerating anti-Semitic activists.[284]

The

Emergency Committee for Israel ran an ad condemning anti-Semitic remarks and calling on Obama and other

political officials to do likewise.[285]

These allegations lead the Anti-Defamation League to call on the movement

"to condemn anti-Semitic signs and comments that have appeared at some of the protest rallies across the country

and around the world".[286]

Other journalists have disputed allegations of anti-Semitism as not reflecting the

movement as a whole.[287][288]

Complaints by local residents

Protesters dance in front of drummers at the protest

Some residents of the area surrounding Zuccotti Park have voiced complaints about the demonstrations. A caller to

a radio show complained that the park has been rendered "unusable" by the protesters, and that "a general

atmosphere of incivility," together with loud shouting and drums, prevailed; another complained that the drums

from the protest, which he said "start in the morning" and get louder in the evening until 11:30 pm, made it

difficult for his children to sleep or do their homework. Another resident complained that protesters had been

vandalizing and urinating in the vestibule to his apartment building.[156]

Responding to a caller to his radio show

complaining about noise and incivility at the park, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said "we couldn't agree more."[156]

The Mayor has been criticized for alienating both supporters and critics for his stance that seems supportive of the

protests one day and opposed on others. The Mayor has vowed to crack down on the protester's behavior as well as

saying he’ll allow the protests indefinitely.[289]

Protesters and community residents clashed at a standing room only Community Board One meeting October 20.

Residents complained about inadequate sanitation, verbal taunts and harassment, noise, and related issues. One

resident angrily complained that the protesters "[a]re defecating on our doorsteps"; board member Tricia Joyce

said, "They have to have some parameters. That doesn't mean the protests have to stop. I'm hoping we can strike a

balance on parameters because this could be a long term stay."[290]

Popular culture references

CNBC correspondent Jane Wells reported that the Occupy Wall Street movement sparked parodies which connect

the movement to pop culture icons from Star Wars and Lord of the Rings and others. An image of Luke Skywalker

holding a protest sign was published: "It wasn't glamorous but I had a steady living working on my uncle's

moisture farm... my aunt and uncle were unjustly murdered and the farm destroyed. I was forced to leave my home

and join an extinct cult just to survive. I am now a member of an upstart movement to take down a greedy corrupt

establishment. I AM THE 99%." Skywalker's enemies, the Imperial Storm Troopers, joined the protest on another

image circulating on the Internet holding signs: "End Galactic Corporate Greed", "Get Our Troops Off Tatooine"

and "Keep Your Empirical Hands Off My Healthcare".[291]

Parodies relating to Middle Earth include a woman who

had written her complaint in Elvish, allegedly translated: "I spend every waking hour fighting Orcs while Elrond

and Galadriel eat lembas bread all day. I am the 99%."[292]

Other parodies include Occupy Narnia[292]

and Occupy Sesame Street.[293]

Occupy Sesame Street went viral and,

following violent encounters between NYPD and the protesters, Tumblr posted pictures of Elmo arrested, Grover

restrained, and Count von Count pepper-sprayed.[294]

Occupy Wall Street and its related protests were satirized in

the South Park episode "1%", which aired on November 2, 2011.[295][296]

Remy Munasifi wrote and sang a song

called "Occupy Wall Street Protest Song", which criticized the protestors for not understanding, in his opinion,

how well off they are. According to AFP, the song went viral in early October.[297][298]

Popular culture images are also employed by protesters to make statements. For example, Guy Fawkes masks from

the film V for Vendetta are worn by protesters in New York and around the world as visual symbols of resistance

against corporate greed.[299]

Music videos

On October 26, 2011, the first video setting footage of Occupy Wall Street to the song Love, That's America by

Melvin Van Peebles was uploaded to YouTube.[300]

In an interview with Van Peebles several weeks later, he

discussed the song going viral.[301]

Turkish newspaper Radikal described the song as becoming the surprising

unofficial anthem of the movement.[302]

Crime

On October 11, it was reported that OWS protesters staying in Zuccotti Park were dealing with a worsening

security problem with reports of multiple incidents of assault, drug dealing and use, and sexual assault.[303]

A

Crown Heights man was charged with sexually assaulting a protester at the park raising the level of public

discussion of lawlessness at the demonstrations. Protesters use de-escalation techniques, talking down or blocking

with their bodies those people throwing punches. In more tense situations, protesters encircle troublemakers and

usher them out. But many times, those kicked out or arrested return.[304]

Protester sanitation teams have reported

finding needles in tents, and reports of crack and crystal meth use have surfaced.[citation needed]

But most protesters

say that the most serious concern is the risk of assault, especially for women and at night. Demonstrators have

complained of thefts of assorted items such as cell phones and laptops. Thieves also stole $2500 of donations that

were stored in a makeshift kitchen.[305]

On October 10, a "methadone-addled man freeloading off the Wall Street

protest" was arrested for groping a woman.[303]

On Nov 10, 2011, a man was arrested at OWS for breaking an

EMT's leg.[306]

Police Commissioner Paul Browne complained that protesters delayed reporting crime. He stated that it's OWS

protocol not to report such incidents to the police until there were three complaints against the same individual.[307]

The protesters denied a "three strikes policy", and one protester told the New York Daily News that he had heard

police respond to a complaint by saying, "You need to deal with that yourselves".[308]

"A lot of the folks that are involved in the security operations at the park have been saying that -- when they

encounter, you know, sort of transient, homeless type of people there in the park -- they are hearing reports that the police have been encouraging them to head down to Zuccotti, to "Take it to Zuccotti." It's very upsetting.

Particularly, when you consider that some of the people that are arriving to the park have severe psychiatric problems

or drug-addiction problems." Ryan Devereaux, reporter for Democracy Now!.[309][310]

On November 16, 2011, police arrested Nkrumah Tinsley, 29, and charged him with making a terroristic threat,

after police saw a video of him saying, “On the 17th, we going to burn New York City to the fucking ground,” and

"In a few days they’re going to see what a Molotov cocktail can do to Macy’s." He had been previously arrested

for assaulting a police officer during another protest on October 26.[311][312][313]

Defense lawyer Pierre Sussman said

that Tinsley had been exercising his right to free speech, and that he was not really going to do the things he

said.[314]

When police carried out a search warrant of Tinsley's home, they did not find any bomb making

materials.[315]

Sexual assaults

After several weeks of occupation, Occupy Wall Street protesters had made enough allegations of sexual assault

and gropings that women-only sleeping tents were set up.[316]

David Park was arrested for a sexual assault that

occurred in Zuccotti Park on October 8. At the time of the incident, Park had numerous warrants for his arrests.

Tonye Iketubosin who worked as a kitchen helper was charged with an October 24 sexual assault of an 18-year-old

fellow protester. Prosecutors believe he is responsible for an assault on another 18-year-old woman.[317][318][319]

Occupy Wall Street organizers released a statement regarding the sexual assaults stating, "As individuals and as a

community, we have the responsibility and the opportunity to create an alternative to this culture of violence, We

are working for an OWS and a world in which survivors are respected and supported unconditionally… We are

redoubling our efforts to raise awareness about sexual violence. This includes taking preventative measures such as

encouraging healthy relationship dynamics and consent practices that can help to limit harm.” A police union

leader stated, “We have no way of really knowing. If you have three or five crimes reported, you really don’t know

if it’s eight or 10 that happened.”[320]

Chronology

Main article: Timeline of Occupy Wall Street

First four weeks (September 17 – October 14)

Protesters rallying near New York police headquarters, St. Andrew's Church in the background.

On September 17, 1,000 protesters marched through the streets, with an estimated 100 to 200 staying overnight in

cardboard boxes. By September 19, seven people had been arrested.[321][322]

At least 80 arrests were made on

September 24,[323]

after protesters started marching uptown and forcing the closure of several streets.[324][325]

Most

of the 80 arrests were for blocking traffic, though some were also charged with disorderly conduct and resisting

arrest. Police officers used a technique called kettling which involves using orange nets to isolate protesters into

smaller groups.[324][325]

Videos which showed several penned-in female demonstrators being hit with pepper spray

by a police official were widely disseminated, sparking controversy.[326]

That police official was identified as

Deputy Inspector Anthony Bologna, and other videos imerged showing him hitting a photographer with a burst of

spray as well.[327]

The activist Anonymous subsequently published the name, phone number and family details of the police

officer.[328]

Initially Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly and a representative for Bologna defended his

actions, while decrying the disclosure of his personal information.[326][327]

After growing public furor, Kelly

announced that Internal Affairs and the Civilian Complaint Review Board were opening investigations,[326]

again

criticizing Anonymous for "[trying] to intimidate, putting the names of children, where children go to school," and

adding that this tactic was "totally inappropriate, despicable."[326]

Meanwhile, Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus

Vance, Jr. started his own inquiry.[327]

Public attention to the pepper-sprayings resulted in a spike of news media coverage, a pattern that was to be

repeated in the coming weeks following confrontations with police.[329]

Clyde Haberman, writing in The New York

Times, said that "If the Occupy Wall Street protesters ever choose to recognize a person who gave their cause its

biggest boost, they may want to pay tribute to Anthony Bologna," calling the event "vital" for the still nascent

movement.[330][331]

"After Ron Kuby, an attorney for one of the protesters, demanded Mr. Bologna’s arrest,

[Bologna] was instead docked 10 vacation days and given a [...] reassignment to Staten Island, where he lives,"

according to an account by blogger Daniel Edward Rosen.[332]

On October 1, 2011, protesters set out to march across the Brooklyn Bridge. The New York Times reported that

more than 700 arrests were made.[333]

The police used ten buses to carry protesters off the bridge. Some said the

police had tricked protesters, allowing them onto the bridge, and even escorting them partway across. Jesse A.

Myerson, a media coordinator for Occupy Wall Street said, “The cops watched and did nothing, indeed, seemed to

guide us onto the roadway.”[334]

However, some statements by protesters supported descriptions of the event given

by police: for example, one protester Tweeted that "The police didn't lead us on to the bridge. They were backing

the [expletive] up."[335]

A spokesman for the New York Police Department, Paul Browne, said that protesters were

given multiple warnings to stay on the sidewalk and not block the street, and were arrested when they refused.[2]

By October 2, all but 20 of the arrestees had been released with citations for disorderly conduct and a criminal

court summons.[336]

On October 4, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the

city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights by luring them into a trap and then arresting them;

Mayor Bloomberg, commenting previously on the incident, had said that "[t]he police did exactly what they were

supposed to do."[337]

On October 5, thousands of union workers joined protesters marching through the Financial District. The march

was mostly peaceful until after nightfall, when scuffles erupted. About 200 protesters tried to storm barricades

blocking them from Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. Police responded with pepper spray and penned the

protesters in with orange netting.[338][339]

Weeks 5–8 (October 15 – November 11)

See also: "Occupy" protests

Occupy Toronto was inspired by Occupy Wall Street.

On October 15, tens of thousands of demonstrators staged rallies in 900 cities around the world, including

Auckland, Sydney, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, São Paulo, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig, and many

other cities.[340]

In Frankfurt, 5,000 people protested at the European Central Bank and in Zurich, Switzerland's

financial hub, protesters carried banners reading "We won't bail you out yet again" and "We are the 99 percent."

Protests were largely peaceful, however a protest in Rome that drew thousands turned violent when "a few

thousand thugs from all over Italy, and possibly from all over Europe" caused extensive damage.[341]

Thousands of

Occupy Wall Street protesters gathered in Times Square in New York City and rallied for several hours.[342][343]

Several hundred protesters were arrested across the U.S., mostly for refusing to obey police orders to leave public

areas. In Chicago there were 175 arrests, about 100 arrests in Arizona (53 in Tucson, 46 in Phoenix), and more

than 70 in New York City, including at least 40 in Times Square.[344]

Multiple arrests were reported in Chicago,

and about 150 people camped out by city hall in Minneapolis.[345]

In the early morning hours of October 25, police cleared and closed an Occupy Oakland encampment at Frank

Ogawa Plaza in Oakland, California.[346][347]

The raid on the encampment was described as "violent and chaotic at

times," and resulted in over 102 arrests and several injuries to protesters. The city of Oakland contracted the use of

over 12 other regional police departments to aid in the clearing of the encampment. An Iraqi war veteran, Scott

Olsen, was allegedly hit in the head with a teargas canister and suffered a skull fracture. His condition was later

upgraded from critical to fair.[348]

The next night, approximately 1,000 protesters reconvened in the plaza and held

marches late into the night.[349]

On November 2, protesters in Oakland, California shut down the Port of Oakland, the fifth busiest port in the

nation. Police estimated that about 3,000 demonstrators were gathered at the port and 4,500 had marched across

the city; a spokesman for the protest movement, who gave only his first name, told the BBC that he had heard

people say that there were as many as 20,000 or 30,000 demonstrators, but added, "It's impossible to tell."[350]

Weeks 9 & 10 (November 12 - November 26)

See also: Chronology of Occupy movement raids

After midnight on November 15, police delivered notices that protesters had to temporarily vacate the park to

allow cleaning/sanitation crews access.[351]

According to the police notice, protesters would have been allowed

back in after the cleaning, but without tents, tarps, or sleeping bags. Police moved in around 1:00 AM on

November 15 and arrested about 200 people, some of whom attempted to stop the entry of cleaning crews. Among

those arrested were journalists representing the Agence France-Presse,[352]

Associated Press,[353]

Daily News,[354]

DNAInfo,[355]

NPR,[356]

Television New Zealand,[357]

The New York Times,[358]

and Vanity Fair,[359]

as well as New

York City Council member Ydanis Rodríguez.[360]

An NBC reporter's press pass was also confiscated.[361]

While the police cleared the park, credentialed members of the media were kept a block away, preventing them

from documenting the event.[362][363]

Police helicopters prevented NBC and CBS news helicopters from filming the

clearing of the park.[364]

Many journalists complained of being treated roughly or violently by the

police.[365][366][367][368]

The Society of Professional Journalists, the Committee to Protect Journalists, Reporters

Without Borders and the New York Civil Liberties Union expressed concerns and criticisms regarding the

situation.[355][369][370][371]

The OAS Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression issued a statement saying that the

"disproportionate restrictions on access to the scene of the events, the arrests, and the criminal charges resulting

from the performance of professional duties by reporters violate the right to freedom of expression."[372]

On November 21, the New York Daily News, the New York Post, the Associated Press, Dow Jones, NBC

Universal and WNBC-TV joined in a letter written by New York Times General Council George Freeman

criticizing the New York Police Department's handling of the media during the raid. [373]

Half an hour into the police removal, the Occupy Wall Street Media Team put out an official statement under the

heading, "You can't evict an idea whose time has come." It went on to say, "Some politicians may physically

remove us from public spaces — our spaces — and, physically, they may succeed. But we are engaged in a battle

over ideas."[109]

The tents and personal effects of the protesters, and the five thousand books of The People's Library[374]

were put

in dump trucks by the police and removed.[375]

On the November 15 edition of The Rachel Maddow Show, footage

of the raid was shown with the following commentary:

"New York City police officers dressed in riot gear, handed out a written notice to the protesters telling them where

their personal articles from the encampment could be retrieved, which sounds lovely until you saw what they were doing to the protesters` personal belongings. There were reports that police use knives to cut up the sturdy military-

grade tents that were the best hope of surviving winter down there. You can see police here cutting down the

protesters` tent poles with hand-held saws, with sawsalls."[376][377]

Computers retrieved after the raid were found to be smashed.[378][379][380][381][382]

After the removal, New York City officials ordered police to keep the entire park closed and to prevent any

protesters from returning, pending the outcome of a court hearing on whether and in what circumstances the

protesters could return; a judge issued a temporary restraining order that protesters could return to the park with

their tents, which Washington Post opinion writer James Downie accused Mayor Bloomberg of ignoring.[383][384]

A

judge in the late afternoon ruled that the temporary order should not be extended, saying that the First Amendment

did not give protesters the right to fill the park with "tents, structures, generators, and other installations to the

exclusion of the owner's reasonable rights and duties to maintain Zuccotti Park."[108][385]

On November 17, journalists representing the Indypendent Reader, IMC and In These Times were arrested.[386][387]

Two reporters for the Daily Caller and a reporter for RT were reportedly struck with police batons.[387][388]

On December 6, Occupy Our Homes, an offshoot of Occupy Wall Street, embarked on a "national day of action"

to protest the mistreatment of homeowners by big banks, who they say made billions of dollars off of the housing

bubble by offering predatory loans and indulging in practices that took advantage of consumers. In more than two

dozen cities across the nation the movement took on the housing crisis by re-occupying foreclosed homes,

disrupting bank auctions and blocking evictions.[389]

See also

Occupy articles

List of Occupy movement protest locations

Occupy Marines The People's Library

Occupy Our Homes

Other U.S. protests

Bonus army 1932

Poor People's Campaign 1968 1971 May Day Protests

2011 United States public employee protests

2011 Wisconsin protests

International

Impact of the Arab Spring 2010–2011 Greek protests

15 October 2011 global protests

Related articles

Bank Transfer Day

Corporatocracy Corruption Perceptions Index

Empowered democracy

Grassroots movement

List of countries by income equality List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI

Plutocracy

Selected Historical income tax rates in the U.S. (1913–2010)

Social peer-to-peer processes

The One Percent – documentary about the growing wealth gap between America's wealthy elite compared

to the overall citizenry

Wealth inequality in the United States

Social movements portal

Politics portal

Business and economics portal

Society portal

New York City portal

New York portal

United States portal

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Occupy Wall Street

Wikinews has related news: Occupy Wall Street

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Occupy Wall Street

Occupy websites

NYC General Assembly – The official website of the General Assembly at #OccupyWallStreet Occupy Wall Street . org – unofficial website produced by affinity group within #OWS

Adbusters page – A listing of websites and updates Occupy Together – A hub for events occurring across the U.S.

o Occupy Together Meetups Everywhere – (Meetup)

OccupyTV's YouTube Channel

Related websites

OccupyWiki.info – Wiki on the Occupy movement wiki.shop.tm – Wiki on the Occupy movement

OccupyWiki.org – Directory and information

Occupy Directory – Google Documents spreadsheet

FirstGameWorld.com – Media Network "Occupy" support site Occupy Wall Street: The Game

American Rattlesnake – Archive Of Photo Essays Relating to Occupy Wall Street

Charts: Here's What The Wall Street Protesters Are So Angry About... – from Business Insider Occupy Wall Street Videos – The growing and expanding movement captured on video

"Occupy" photographs from around the nation – from the Denver Post

Inequality.org – from Program on Inequality and the Common Good, an Institute for Policy Studies project The Equality Trust (UK) – An organization for reducing income inequality in the United Kingdom

In Re Waller Order to Show Cause and Temporary Restraining Order of November 15, 2011 from the National

Lawyer's Guild website

Decision of November 15, 2011 overturning the TRO in Matter of Waller v City of New York from the New York

State Unified Court System website