ObjectivesObjectives

List the three estates of the Old List the three estates of the Old RegimeRegime

Summarize the factors that led to the Summarize the factors that led to the French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Describe the creation of the National Describe the creation of the National Assembly and the storming of the Assembly and the storming of the BastilleBastille

Explain the importance of the Great Explain the importance of the Great FearFear

READ “SETTING THE READ “SETTING THE STAGE” – CHAPTER 7, STAGE” – CHAPTER 7, SECTION 1SECTION 1

ANSWER QUESTION #1ANSWER QUESTION #1

Background to the French RevolutionBackground to the French Revolution When Louis XVI took over, When Louis XVI took over,

France was still the most rich France was still the most rich and influential nation in and influential nation in continentalcontinental Europe. Europe.

French commerce and French commerce and prosperity increased during prosperity increased during course of 18th centurycourse of 18th century

Why was there great unrest Why was there great unrest in France?in France?

Louis, the Clergy and the nobility ride the back of the Third Estate, enslaved

I don’t like this game…

There was great unrest in France, caused by bad harvests, high prices, high taxes, and disturbing questions raised by the Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire.

There was great unrest in France, caused by bad harvests, high prices, high taxes, and disturbing questions raised by the Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire.

READ “THE OLD ORDER”READ “THE OLD ORDER”

ANSWER QUESTION #2 and fill in chart for the Three ANSWER QUESTION #2 and fill in chart for the Three EstatesEstates

The Old OrderThe Old Order

In the late 1700s people of France still divided In the late 1700s people of France still divided into social classes, or into social classes, or estatesestates

This was a system of feudalism called the This was a system of feudalism called the Old Old RegimeRegime

2 of the estates had privileges, held high 2 of the estates had privileges, held high offices and didn’t have to pay taxoffices and didn’t have to pay tax

This was the:This was the:- - First EstateFirst Estate- made of - made of clergyclergy from the from the Catholic Church- was less than 1% of France’s Catholic Church- was less than 1% of France’s total populationtotal population- - Second EstateSecond Estate- made up of rich - made up of rich noblesnobles - - 2% of France’s population2% of France’s population

What did the social/political order look like in France in the 1770s?

The The Third EstateThird Estate 98% of France’s population 98% of France’s population paid 50% of their own income to taxespaid 50% of their own income to taxes Had no power to influence the governmentHad no power to influence the government Embraced Enlightenment ideasEmbraced Enlightenment ideas Was broken further into groups:Was broken further into groups:

--11stst: the : the bourgeoisiebourgeoisie- merchants and - merchants and artisans, some very wealthy, but paid artisans, some very wealthy, but paid taxes, and lacked privileges taxes, and lacked privileges -2-2nd:nd: city workerscity workers- cooks, servants- cooks, servants-3-3rdrd: : peasantspeasants, made up 80% of , made up 80% of population- heavily taxed, wanted change, population- heavily taxed, wanted change, resented nobles and clergyresented nobles and clergy

READ “THE OLD ORDER”READ “THE OLD ORDER”

ANSWER QUESTIONS #3 - #7ANSWER QUESTIONS #3 - #7

3.Why might the first and second estate be opposed to change?

4.What did the clergy do for society that might justify their low tax rate?

5.How was the bourgeoisie unlike the other groups within the Third Estate?

6.Did France’s system of estates violate the principle of equality?

7.Which group in the Third Estate would suffer most from the increase in the price of bread?

They already had privilege and wealthThey already had privilege and wealth

Provided education and relief to the poorProvided education and relief to the poor

It was wealthier and better educatedIt was wealthier and better educated

Yes, because the Third Estate had no power in governmentYes, because the Third Estate had no power in government

Urban workers, since peasants could raise grain and the bourgeoisie had more moneyUrban workers, since peasants could raise grain and the bourgeoisie had more money

The Forces of Change: The Forces of Change: InspirationsInspirations

The American Revolution inspired the The American Revolution inspired the Third EstateThird Estate

Many began questioning the Many began questioning the structures of society and started structures of society and started using words like equality, liberty and using words like equality, liberty and democracydemocracy

Listened to the enlightenment Listened to the enlightenment thinkersthinkers

Economic WoesEconomic Woes

Population risingPopulation rising High taxes High taxes made it impossible to have a made it impossible to have a

business with a profitbusiness with a profit Cost of living rose for Cost of living rose for everyoneeveryone Bad weather in the 1780s caused crop Bad weather in the 1780s caused crop

failures, resulting in severe shortage of failures, resulting in severe shortage of graingrain

People faced starvationPeople faced starvation Extravagant spending by King (Louis XVI) Extravagant spending by King (Louis XVI)

and Queen (Marie Antoinette)and Queen (Marie Antoinette)

Louis XVILouis XVI Became king of France in 1774Became king of France in 1774 Borrowed lots of money to help the American Borrowed lots of money to help the American

Revolutionaries gain their independence from Revolutionaries gain their independence from Great Britain (France’s greatest enemy) Great Britain (France’s greatest enemy) doubling France’s debtdoubling France’s debt

Bankers started to refuse to lend more moneyBankers started to refuse to lend more money Was indecisive, and would play with keys and Was indecisive, and would play with keys and

locks rather than deal with important locks rather than deal with important government issuesgovernment issues

Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15, and Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15, and she was 14 she was 14

Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette Member of Austrian royal family (mother was Member of Austrian royal family (mother was

Maria Theresa)Maria Theresa) She was unpopular with the people in France She was unpopular with the people in France

immediatelyimmediately She refused to wear the tight fitting styles and She refused to wear the tight fitting styles and

instead wore loose cotton dresses that many instead wore loose cotton dresses that many thought looked like underwear and was thought looked like underwear and was scandalousscandalous

As Queen, she spent so much money on As Queen, she spent so much money on gowns, jewels, and gifts she became known as gowns, jewels, and gifts she became known as “Madame Deficit” aka the Queen of Debt“Madame Deficit” aka the Queen of Debt

For entertainment, she played cards losing 1.5 For entertainment, she played cards losing 1.5 million dollars in a single yearmillion dollars in a single year

READ “A WEAK LEADER”READ “A WEAK LEADER”

ANSWER QUESTIONS #8ANSWER QUESTIONS #8

Louis put off dealing with France’s Louis put off dealing with France’s bankruptcy issue until it was too latebankruptcy issue until it was too late

His answer was to tax the 2His answer was to tax the 2ndnd Estate Estate Upset, the nobles forced the king to Upset, the nobles forced the king to

call a meeting of the Estates General call a meeting of the Estates General (an assembly of representatives from (an assembly of representatives from all 3 estates) to get approval for the all 3 estates) to get approval for the tax reformtax reform

This was the first meeting in 175 yearsThis was the first meeting in 175 years

8. What was Louis XVI solution to dealing with France’s debt?8. What was Louis XVI solution to dealing with France’s debt?

Dawn of the Revolution:Dawn of the Revolution:Outnumbered Outnumbered

The 1The 1stst and 2 and 2ndnd estate would always estate would always outnumber the 3outnumber the 3rdrd estate in votes, estate in votes, because each estate had 1 votebecause each estate had 1 vote

The members of bourgeoisie in the 3The members of bourgeoisie in the 3rdrd estate argued they should have more estate argued they should have more than 1 vote- in fact they should have than 1 vote- in fact they should have 3 votes: 1 for each group within the 3 votes: 1 for each group within the 33rdrd estate estate

This would give the 3This would give the 3rdrd estate an estate an advantage - for onceadvantage - for once

Old Way vs. New IdeaOld Way vs. New Idea

11stst estate (clergy)- estate (clergy)- 1 vote1 vote

22ndnd estate (nobles)- estate (nobles)- 1 vote1 vote

33rdrd estate estate (everyone else) -1 (everyone else) -1 votevote

11stst estate (clergy) - estate (clergy) -1 vote1 vote

22ndnd estate (nobles)- estate (nobles)- 1 vote1 vote

33rdrd estate- estate-

-bourgeoisie- 1 vote-bourgeoisie- 1 vote

-working class- 1 -working class- 1 votevote

-peasants- 1 vote-peasants- 1 vote

READ “THE NATIONAL READ “THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY”ASSEMBLY”

ANSWER QUESTIONS #9 and #10ANSWER QUESTIONS #9 and #10

The king sided with the nobles, and The king sided with the nobles, and rejected the new idearejected the new idea

The Third Estate was even more The Third Estate was even more determined to gain powerdetermined to gain power

A sympathetic clergyman, the A sympathetic clergyman, the Abbe Abbe Sieyes Sieyes (AB-ay syay-YEHS) argued (AB-ay syay-YEHS) argued “What is the Third Estate? “What is the Third Estate? Everything…” and in a dramatic Everything…” and in a dramatic speech he suggested the 3speech he suggested the 3rdrd Estate Estate name themselves the National name themselves the National Assembly and pass laws and reforms Assembly and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French peoplein the name of the French people

9. Why did the Third Estate propose a change in the Estates-General’s voting rules? 9. Why did the Third Estate propose a change in the Estates-General’s voting rules?

The National AssemblyThe National Assembly

On June 17, 1789 delegates of the On June 17, 1789 delegates of the Third Estate voted to establish the Third Estate voted to establish the National AssemblyNational Assembly

This proclaimed an end to absolute This proclaimed an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of monarchy and the beginning of representative governmentrepresentative government

This vote was the first deliberate act This vote was the first deliberate act of revolutionof revolution

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath

3 days later, the Third Estate met to 3 days later, the Third Estate met to draft a new constitution but was locked draft a new constitution but was locked out of their meeting roomout of their meeting room

So, they broke down the door to an So, they broke down the door to an indoor tennis court, pledging to stay indoor tennis court, pledging to stay until the new constitution was drafteduntil the new constitution was drafted

This pledge is known as the Tennis This pledge is known as the Tennis Court OathCourt Oath

10. What is the Tennis Court Oath?10. What is the Tennis Court Oath?

Louis Tries To Win FavorLouis Tries To Win Favor

Louis tries to make peace with the 3Louis tries to make peace with the 3rdrd Estate by giving in to their demandsEstate by giving in to their demands

He urged the 1He urged the 1stst and 2 and 2ndnd Estates to Estates to join the National Assemblyjoin the National Assembly

Louis also knows that nobody in Louis also knows that nobody in France trusts him, and sensing France trusts him, and sensing trouble, he stationed his mercenary trouble, he stationed his mercenary army (paid soldiers) of Swiss guards army (paid soldiers) of Swiss guards in Parisin Paris

Fall of the BastilleFall of the Bastille Rumors fly of the king bringing in foreign Rumors fly of the king bringing in foreign

soldiers to massacre French citizenssoldiers to massacre French citizens People start to gather weapons to defend People start to gather weapons to defend

Paris against a foreign armyParis against a foreign army On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get

gunpowder from the Bastille, a Paris prisongunpowder from the Bastille, a Paris prison The mob overpowered the guards, and the The mob overpowered the guards, and the

Bastille fell into the control of citizensBastille fell into the control of citizens The fall of the Bastille is celebrated as an The fall of the Bastille is celebrated as an

act of revolution and a national holiday in act of revolution and a national holiday in France, similar to our 4France, similar to our 4thth of July of July

The mob released all prisoners The mob released all prisoners in the Bastille, however there in the Bastille, however there were only 7 prisoners that were only 7 prisoners that day….day….

Four were forgers, and 3 were Four were forgers, and 3 were lunaticslunatics

Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille http://www.biography.com/http://www.biography.com/

people/louis-xvi-9386943people/louis-xvi-9386943

The Great FearThe Great Fear

A wave of senseless panic rolled through France, known as the A wave of senseless panic rolled through France, known as the Great FearGreat Fear

When the peasants met no enemy bandits…they became the When the peasants met no enemy bandits…they became the aggressorsaggressors

Waving pitchforks and torches, they broke into nobles’ manor Waving pitchforks and torches, they broke into nobles’ manor houses destroying documents, and sometimes burning the houses destroying documents, and sometimes burning the houses down houses down

In October 1789, 6,000 Parisian In October 1789, 6,000 Parisian women rioted over the rising cost of women rioted over the rising cost of breadbread

Anger quickly turned towards the king Anger quickly turned towards the king and queenand queen

Seizing knives and axes, men and Seizing knives and axes, men and women marched to Versailles, women marched to Versailles, breaking into the palace and killing 2 breaking into the palace and killing 2 guardsguards

READ “A GREAT FEAR READ “A GREAT FEAR SWEEPS FRANCE”SWEEPS FRANCE”

ANSWER QUESTIONS #9 and #10ANSWER QUESTIONS #9 and #10

11. After years of oppression, what 11. After years of oppression, what finally caused the French people to finally caused the French people to revolt?revolt?– The threat of starvationThe threat of starvation

12. Do you think the riots were 12. Do you think the riots were justified?justified?

   13. How did the women’s march mark a 13. How did the women’s march mark a

turning point in the relationship turning point in the relationship between the king and the people?between the king and the people?– The king had to bow to the will of the The king had to bow to the will of the

peoplepeople

Exit SlipExit Slip

What were the causes of the French What were the causes of the French Revolution?Revolution?

Why were members of the Third Why were members of the Third Estate dissatisfied with life under the Estate dissatisfied with life under the Old Regime?Old Regime?

http://www.youtube.com/user/http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/8/wXsZbkt0yqo historyteachers#p/u/8/wXsZbkt0yqo Teacher GagaTeacher Gaga

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qemOK1Kcw1M wife swapv=qemOK1Kcw1M wife swap