french revolution. before the revolution government was a monarchy called the old regime. during the...

French Revolution

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French Revolution

Before the Revolution • Government was a Monarchy called the Old

Regime.• During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates

(social classes)

Why Change?• The Enlightenment gave ideas of Revolution

(sudden or significant change in the old ways of doing things)

• Rich got richer – poor got poorer

Page 3: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

The Three Estates • First Estate

– Clergy- owned 10% of land in France

• Second Estate – Nobility- 2% of

population

• Third Estate – Bourgeoisie (middle

class) – Urban Poor (laborers) – Peasants- 80% of total

population – 97% of the population

Page 4: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

King Louis XVI – terrible leader; put France in debt

• More concerned about sports (hunting) than his people and the economy

King Louis XVI

Page 5: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

• Queen Marie Antoinette – Upset many people with her dress style, loss up to

$1.5 million playing cards

Queen Marie Antoinette

Page 6: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

The revolution • The 3rd estate

wanted a Revolution

• They needed weapons. They stormed the Bastille (prison w/ weapons) on July 14th 1789.

• This was the start of the Revolution

Page 7: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

The Revolution • The leaders of the

Revolution execute Louis & Marie– Guillotine- method of

execution used

• Robespierre takes control of France. He creates the “Reign of Terror” which saw over 40,000 people killed-- most were of the Third Estate.

Page 8: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

Napoleon Bonaparte • Revolution has no

leadership– got out of hand

• Napoleon= successful general who is loved by all!

• Military genius

• Controls France by 1795

Page 9: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

• Napoleon kept many reforms of the revolution; this kept the 97% poor happy

• Napoleonic Code- Napoleons laws created to restore peace and stability

• 1804 times were good- he crowns himself Emperor

• By 1810 he controlled Europe

Napoleon Bonaparte

Page 10: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

Page 11: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

Napoleon’s downfall• Napoleon wanted all of Europe: tried to

cut off Britain's trade • 1812 Napoleon invades Russia w/

420,000 men • The Russians retreated inland – they

burned their own land so the French could not use the Russians resources.

Page 12: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

Page 13: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

• The French moved to Moscow but it was burned

• The French tried to go home but the Russian winter wiped out the French troops

Napoleon’s downfall

Page 14: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

• Napoleon was then defeated by the Brits. At Waterloo (city in Belgium).

• Napoleon was exiled (banished) to St. Helena & died

Napoleon’s downfall

Page 15: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

Congress of Vienna• The Leaders of the European countries

went to Vienna for a meeting.

• There they re-drew country boundaries & restored peace throughout Europe.

• Many countries became allies (not so good)

Page 16: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

Old and New

Page 17: French Revolution. Before the Revolution Government was a Monarchy called the Old Regime. During the Old Regime there were 3 Estates (social classes)

QUESTIONS???

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