OBJECTIVES:1.DESCRIBE THE MOVEMENT OF IMMIGRANTS TO

CITIES AND THE OPPORTUNITIES THEY FOUND THERE

2.EXPLAIN HOW CITIES DEALT WITH PROBLEMS RELATED TO HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION, WATER

SUPPLY, AND FIRE AND POLICE PROTECTION.

3.DESCRIBE SOME OF THE ORGANIZATION AND PEOPLE WHO OFFERED HELP TO URBAN

IMMIGRANTS

1

15.2 The Problems of Urbanization

2

By the early 1900s immigrant populations were overwhelming American cities More Poles in Chicago than in Warsaw! More Irish in New York than in Ireland!

Many immigrants often lived in neighborhoods with others who shared their background This helped them adapt to the new culture

Many African Americans moved North to cities like Detroit and Chicago

Immigration Problems3

Row houses became very popular

Working class families were moving out of the city

Dumbbell tenements were oddly shaped in include an air shaft Unfortunately people

began to use them as a garbage disposal

Dumbbell Tenement4

TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION WATER/SANITATIONWATER/SANITATION

PROBLEM: People can’t get to work

StreetcarsCable carsSubways

Many tenements did not have fresh water

Diseases were spread Horse manure in the

streets sewage in the gutters foul smoke from

factories

5

More Urban Problem

Urban Problems6

Lack of water

Wooden dwellings

1853 – first paid fire dept.

1874 – first auto fire sprinkler

1844 – first organized police force

Chicago Fire 1871

10http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/images/im2.1.gif

13

REFORM 14

Most mainstream or old line Protestant churches struggle to address plight of urban poor

Catholicism thrives, founds schools and parishes

SOCIAL GOSPEL is preached (vs. SOCIAL DARWINISM)

Salvation Army, YMCA and Christian Scientists are formed in this milieu

Jane Addams: Reformer, studies social ills, founds Hull House in Chicago in 1889

Settlement Houses are founded to provide assistance to poor and new immigrants

Run largely by middle-class women reformers

Provided aid and education

TERMS15

Urbanization

Row houses

Dumbbell tenement

Social Gospel movement

Settlement house

Jane Addams

OBJECTIVES:1. Describe the movement

of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there

2. Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, and fire and police protection.

3. Describe some of the organization and people who offered help to urban immigrants