objective swbat: describe the social division of france’s old order list reasons for france’s...
TRANSCRIPT
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Objective
SWBAT: describe the social division of France’s old order List reasons for France’s economic troubles Explain why Louis XVI called the Estates-General and
summarize what happened Understand why Parisians stormed the Bastille
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TV France: Wrap up Questions
Do the interviews suggest that one social class was more important or influential than another?
Which social classes were more optimistic about their future? What reasons can you suggest for this?
Make an argument for and against each social class as the “most important”
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Do Now Tuesday 1/8/13
In your notes, explain the political cartoon.
What do each of the four men represent?
What is the message?
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Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?
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Ancien Regime old order
Clergy enjoy wealthChurch owns 10% of land, collect tithe, no
taxesEnlightenment ideas target the 1st estate
(Clergy)NoblesHold top government jobs
Army, courts & churchFeared losing traditional positionsVastly Diverse Third EstateBourgeoisie at top
Bankers, merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, journalisits, professors
MOST were rural peasants
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The French Revolution
all 3 estates had grievances against the monarchy.
to improve their condition - take power from the monarchy
Third estate felt most stress: provided goods and services. Paid heavy taxes
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Causes: Enlightenment Ideas & Philosophes
The Enlightenment Ideas: Liberty Equality Reason Progress
Philosophes:Locke private property, limited sovereignty
& fair governmentVoltaire attacked noble privileges &
Church’s authority
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Causes: Am. Rev & Economy
The American Revolution: 1775-1783Enlightenment ideas in actionFrench soldiers (Lafayette) came home
inspiredPut Louis XIV in more debtFrench economy was failing:50% of government’s income went to debt
interestNo central bank or paper currencyInefficient and uneven taxation system
(Varied by region and estate)
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Causes: Feudal System
Estate System outdated
Difficult to move up in society, unless very rich
The poor/peasantry resented the inequality of the three estates
Harvest failure 1787-1788 Less food, higher prices, businesses failed,
unemployment in cities
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Causes: Louis XVI
Good intentions“Enlightened”Weak-willedIndecisiveMarie Antoinette
allowed him “to dispense patronage amongst friends”
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How does the cartoonist portray the Third Estate? What were the differences among the social classes in pre-
revolutionary France?
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Events of the French Revolution
Moderate Stage: 1789-1792Radical Stage: 1782-1794The Directory: 1794-1799Napoleon: 1799-1815
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Outbreak: Estates-General
May 5, 1789: Estates General convenes at
Versailles
First time in 175 years (1614)
All three estates prepared cahiers (notebooks) listing their grievances “Cahiers de doleances”
Fairer taxes, freedom of press, regular meetings of the Estate-General
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Outbreak: Estates General
Reps from Third Estate Disagreed on how to vote
Tradition: each estate met and voted separately, each estate had one vote
First & Second Estates always outvoted the Third Estate
The Third Estate wanted all estates to meet in a single body and count votes “by head”
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Tennis Court Oath
June 17, 1789: delegates of the Third Estate
declared themselves to be The National Assembly
June 20, 1789: The Oath of the Tennis Court
Meeting hall locked and guarded
Met at an indoor tennis court
Swore, “never to separate and to meet wherever
the circumstances might require until we have
established a sound and just constitution.”
Tension between king & Assembly
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Storming the Bastille
July 14, 1789: Paris
More than 800 Parisians assembled outside the
Bastille
Demanded weapons and gunpowder (rumored to be there)
Commander of Bastille refused & opened fire on the
crowd
Crowd killed the commander, set free prisoners, found
no weapons
Importance: Challenged the king & won
Celebrated every year since 1880
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Place de la Bastille
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French Revolution
French Rev Part 1French Rev Part 2French Rev Part 3
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Do Now
What is the significance of La Place de la Bastille?
Explain the historical significance as well as current day.