objective 10.01 identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine...
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Objective 10.01Identify military, political,
and diplomatic turning points of the war and
determine their significance to the
outcome and aftermath of the conflict.
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Major Concepts
• Appeasement• Isolationism• Reparations
• Totalitarian Governments• Treaty of Versailles
• Worldwide Depression
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Terms• Adolf Hitler: leader of Nazi Party. Appointed Chancellor of
Germany in 1933 and became Führer (leader) in 1934, remaining in power until his suicide in 1945. Started WWII.
• Benito Mussolini: Italian prime minister from 1922-1943 (overthrown). Est. a fascist regime and a close ally of German dictator Adolf Hitler. Entered WWII in June 1940 on the side of Nazi Germany.
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Terms
• Emperor Hirohito: leader of Japan during WWII. Allied w/ Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
• Winston Churchill: British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Prime Minister during WWII.
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Terms• Joseph Stalin: General Secretary of Communist Party of the Soviet
Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet Union played a decisive role in the defeat of Nazi Germany in WWII.
• Fascism: authoritarian political ideology that considers individual and other societal interests subordinate to the interests of the state. Scholars attribute different characteristics to fascism: nationalism, statism, militarism, totalitarianism, anti-communism, corporatism, populism, collectivism, and opposition to economic and political liberalism.
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Terms• Munich Pact: regarding
Sudatenland in Czechoslovakia signed on Sept. 29th, 1938. Most went to Nazi Germany. An example of appeasement.
• Third Reich: (3rd German Empire) According to Hitler, “A Thousand-Year Reich”. Inc. idea of Lebensraum (living space). Blonde-haired, blue-eyed “Aryans” only.
• Four Freedoms: Speech given by FDR Jan 6th, 1941. Freedoms: speech/expression, religion, from want, and from fear.
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3 of the 4 Freedoms
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Terms• Kellogg-Briand Pact:
signed by 62 nations in 1928. Renounced war as a national policy, but had no means of enforcement.
• Lend-Lease Act: 1941 law that allowed the U.S. to ship arms and other supplies, w/o immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis Powers.
• Neutrality Acts: series of laws from 1935-1936 to prevent U.S. arms sales and loans to nations @ war.
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Terms• Non-Aggression Pact:
agreement in which 2 nations promise not to go to war w/ each other. Stalin signed one w/ Hitler on Aug. 23, 1939.
• Pearl Harbor: largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific. Attacked Dec. 7th, 1941 by the Japanese. 21 ships sunk, 300 aircraft damaged/destroyed, and more than 2,400 killed!
• Quarantine Speech: given by FDR on Oct. 5th, 1937 in Chicago. Called for international “quarantine of aggressor nations”.
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German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact