nutrition during breast cancer
DESCRIPTION
Nutrition During Breast Cancer. www.angelfood.org. Sadia Shaukat Sodexo Dietetic Intern 2012. “When life kicks you, let it kick you forward”. Kay Yow. Nutrition and breast cancer risk. Diet is linked to about 30-40% of all cancers Diet alone can’t “cause” or “cure” cancer - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
NUTRITION DURING BREAST
CANCERSadia Shaukat
Sodexo Dietetic Intern 2012
“When life kicks you, let it kick you forward”. Kay Yow
www.angelfood.org
NUTRITION AND BREAST CANCER RISK Diet is linked to about 30-40% of all cancers Diet alone can’t “cause” or “cure” cancer Findings suggest that physical activity, a
healthy diet and healthy weight can help reduce the risk of breast cancer or cancer coming back
EAT WELL DURING TREATMENTNever been more important than it is
now Help keep you strong Help your body rebuild tissue that has been
damaged Help your body deal with side effects of
treatment Help your body fight off infection Affect immune system, mood and energy
level
EAT WELL DURING TREATMENTNever been more important than it is
now
Some treatments work better in people who eat enough calories and protein
Maintaining healthy weight Eating healthy and regular physical activity
can reduce the risk of RECURRENCE
HEALTHY EATING???? Eat variety of foods Eat nutrient dense food Include all food groups
Fruit and VegetablesWhole grainMeat and BeansMilk and DairyFats and Oils
Food Groups- Fruit and Vegetables AICR recommend 5 ser/day to reduce the risk Variety is key to add different nutrients Good source of fiber, vitamin C & A Low in calories and fats Minimum 5 servings of fruits & vegetables
per day with physical activity 30 min daily (like brisk walking)can reduces the risk of recurrence by approximately 50%
FOOD GROUPS- GRAIN USDA recommends at least 3oz whole grain AIC and ACS recommend whole grain over
refined Read label- 1st ingredient “whole grain” or
‘whole” Bread 2-3gm/slice Cereal 6gm or more per serving Provides energy Good source of Vit B
FOOD GROUPS- MEAT Provides energy, protein, iron, zinc & vit B Protein required to repair & rebuild tissues Maintain a healthy immune system 1 ½ ser/day of red meat may increase the
risk of breast cancer Include lean meats, beans, nuts and seeds 1 egg equals one serving of meat
FOOD GROUPS- MILK AND DAIRY 3 cups per day Provide Calcium, protein, Vit D & B12
FOOD GROUPS- FATS AND OILS Study on 2,500 BC survivors who consumed
20% cal. From fat revealed reduced risk of recurrence to 42%, particularly in women with ER –ve (WINS)
Diet high in fat tends to be high in fats that may contribute to obesity
Obesity increases the risk of recurrence Consume as few trans fats as possible
Food group Amount per day
examples
Grains 6 ounces 1 ounce is:• ½ c hot cereal• 1c cold cereal• ½ c rice• ½ c pasta• 1 slice bread
Vegetables 2 ½ cup 1 cup raw, cooked or juice2 cups leafy vegetables
Fruits 2 cups 1 cup raw, cooked or 100% juice½ cup dried fruitAvoid fruits with added syrup
Milk 3 cups 1 cup milk, yogurt or soymilk1 ½ oz natural & 2 oz processed cheese choose low fat
Meat & beans 5 ½ ounces 1 ounce is: • 1 oz of lean meat, fish or poultry• 1 egg• 1 Tbsp peanut butter• ½ oz nuts or seeds• ¼ cup beans or peas
*recommendations are based on 2,000 calories per day
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DIET Loss of appetite
Eat smaller meals throughout the day Eat whatever sounds good to you even if it is not
the most healthy Have variety of foods available
Change in taste & smell Try foods that are tart, like lemon pudding or
strong seasonings like oregano & rosemary Avoid strong smelling meats like beef. Try
chicken turkey or eggs Inquire if someone can cook for you Try plastic utensils if metallic taste bothers you
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DIET Sore mouth and throat
Eat softer foods such as mashed potatoes, mac & cheese, milk shakes, puddings or apple sauce
Eat foods at room temperature Dry mouth
Sip water every few minutes Suck on hard candy and eat popsicles or fruit
juice Add gravy, broth & sauce to your food Include fruits like lemons, oranges, lime or grape
fruit
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DIET Diarrhea
Get plenty of fluid. Water, broth & grape juice Eat foods low in fiber Small meals through out the day
Nausea & Vomiting Eat more bland foods such as toast, crackers,
oatmeal, clear liquids Avoid greasy and spicy foods Take meds with food if allowed
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DIET Constipation
Plenty of fluid everyday Eat high fiber foods such as whole grain breads,
fresh fruits & vegs Physical activity
Risk of steroid induced diabetes Avoid all concentrated sweets such as regular
soda, candies, juices, cookies & cakes
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DIET Weight gain
Medicines, low activity or high calories Study at John Hopkins found that for every 11 lbs
gained the risk of dying from BC increased by 14%
Increases the risk of recurrence Limit the amount of calories Avoid items that provide extra calories Be physically active as much as possible
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO DIET Weight Loss
Eat Variety of healthy foods throughout the treatment
Talk to your Dr. if you notice changes If you have lost weight and/or trying to prevent
further weight loss, increase the calorie content of what you eating by: Using milk instead of water for soups and cooked
cereals Adding butter, salad dressing & oils to vegetables Extra protein can be added to soups by slicing cooked
egg white into the soup
FLUID Ensure adequate hydration and electrolyte
balance Prevent dehydration and hypovolemia Fluid requirement is 30-35 ml/kg/day Sign of dehydration
Fatigue Acute wt loss Poor skin turgor Dry oral mucosa Dark or strong smelling urine Decreased urine output
ALCOHOL Studies found link between alcohol intake &
risk of some cancers Alcohol intake also affect the risk of
developing new cancer in cancer survivors It can ↑ the levels of estrogen which can
↑the risk of recurrence of ER+ breast cancer Among breast cancer survivors research
found both harmful and benefit Avoid to prevent interaction with treatment Irritating to survivors with oral mucositis
FLAX SEEDS Excellent source of vitamins, mineral, fiber &
omega-3 fatty acids Animal studies suggest that flaxseeds
reduces the growth of tumor & potentiate the effect of treatments such as tamoxifen
Study on 32 women with breast cancer assigned to flaxseed-supplemented diet prior to surgery had significantly lower tumor proliferation
A study indicates that 25g flaxseed reduced tumor growth in patients with breast cancer
More research needed
SOY PRODUCTS Plant-based protein it contains
phytoestrogens & isoflavones Consuming modest amount of soy before
reaching adulthood can reduce the risk of breast cancer
Controversial for women diagnosed with hormone sensitive cancers
ER+ or ER- tumors (ask your Dr.) ACS advises breast cancer survivors to limit
soy to no more than 3 ser/day Avoid soy supplements
ORGANIC FOODS Organic
grown without pesticides & genetic modification Meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products from animals
that are not given antibiotics or growth hormones
May be more helpful because: Reduce exposure to agriculture chemicals Nutrients composition may be better
No research to support that such foods can reduce cancer incidence, recurrence or progression
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT No dietary supplement treats or cures
cancer Talk to your Dr. before adding MV
supplement; some may interfere with your treatment
Consume vitamins & minerals from food AICR encourages all including cancer
survivors not to use dietary supplements In some cases supplement required
depending on diagnosis
FOOD SAFETY Survivors are more susceptible of developing
infections Especially during treatment related to
immunosuppression Avoid foods that may contain unsafe levels of
pathogenic microorganisms General food safety practice:
Wash hands before eating Thoroughly wash raw fruits and vegetables Keep foods at proper temps Use special care in handling raw meat, fish and poultry Avoid raw honey, raw unpasteurized milk &
unpasteurized juices
TIPS Don’t think that you have to dramatically
change your diet in 1 day Take it slowly and ease yourself into healthy
eating and cooking Try small, frequent meals & snacks throughout
the day Focus on foods that require little handling,
preparation or effort to eat Keep ready to serve & easy-to-prepare foods
available to take advantage of times when you feel like eating. Examples: puddings, peanut butter, tuna, cereal bars, trail mix, cheese & crackers, eggs.
TIPS Some research suggests that frying, broiling
or grilling particularly meats high in fat, at very high temperatures creates chemical that are carcinogenic.
ACS recommend to limit the consumption of processed & red meats
Discourages the practice of cooking these and other higher fat sources of protein at high temperatures
No evidence available regarding these effects on cancer recurrence & progression
TIPS If the smell of food makes you nauseous, stay out
of the room where food preparation is being done Take only small portions on the plate and go back
for second Pain medications should be taken approximately
1 ½ hour before meal time to minimize interference with food intake
Allow friends and family to prepare meals for you Don’t hesitate to accept their offers of help with
shopping & meal preparation Take advantages of times you feel well If you are physically able try to be more active
QUESTION???
"I'm here today because I refused to be unhappy. I took a chance". Wanda Sykes
www.beliefnet.com/Health/Womens-Health
RESOURCES"A Dietitian's Cancer Story" by Diana Dyer. http://www.cancerrd.com/
“Cancer Lifeline Cookbook” by Kimberly Mathai & Ginny Smith 2004
http://www.cookinglight.com/
http://www.cancer.org/
http://www.aicr.org/