Nutrition & Digestion

Vocabulary

Absorption – to take intoAbsorption – to take into Calorie – measurement for the Calorie – measurement for the

amount of energy in foodamount of energy in food Chemical Digestion – Chemical Digestion –

Breakdown food into new Breakdown food into new substancessubstances

Enzyme – substance produced Enzyme – substance produced by the body to aid chemical by the body to aid chemical digestiondigestion

Vocabulary

Hormone – substance produced Hormone – substance produced and secreted by the body to and secreted by the body to control certain functions control certain functions

Mechanical Digestion – breakdown Mechanical Digestion – breakdown food into smaller piecesfood into smaller pieces

Peristalsis – wavelike muscle Peristalsis – wavelike muscle contractions to push food through contractions to push food through the digestive systemthe digestive system

Metabolism – all chemical Metabolism – all chemical reactions in the bodyreactions in the body

Nutrition:

__________ needed for energy to __________ needed for energy to carry out life functionscarry out life functions

Energy in food is measured in Energy in food is measured in ________________________

Food

Calories

Nutrients:NutrientNutrient UseUse SourcesSources

Primary source of Primary source of energyenergy

Sugars:Sugars:

Starches: Starches:

FatsFats __________energy__________energy

__________ the body __________ the body Cushion and support Cushion and support organsorgans

ProteinsProteins Build and ________ Build and ________ Fish, Lean meatFish, Lean meat

Eggs Eggs

Vitamins Vitamins Regulates Regulates _________the _________the functioning of the functioning of the body body

Vit. CVit. C

Vit. D Vit. D

Carbohydrates Cakes

Rice

Stored

InsulateFried food, nuts

Repair

Maintains immuneBones

Starch Sugar Glucose

Proteins Amino Acids

FatsFatty Acids & Glycerol

Nutrients:

NutrientNutrient UseUse SourcesSources

MineralsMinerals Maintain body Maintain body functionsfunctions

CalciumCalcium

Iron Iron

SodiumSodiumNeeded for chemical Needed for chemical reactions to occurreactions to occur

BonesRed blood Cells

Muscles

Water Water, Juice

Roughage

(Fiber)

Provides bulk to help push solid waste out

Raw FruitRaw VegetablesBran

Dissolves nutrients so they can be transported throughout the body

Food Labels:

Food Labels:

What is the size of one serving? ______________What is the size of one serving? ______________

How many calories are in one serving? _______How many calories are in one serving? _______

How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______

How much fiber is in one serving? ________How much fiber is in one serving? ________

How many servings are in the container? _______How many servings are in the container? _______

How many calories would you consume if you ate How many calories would you consume if you ate

the whole container? _________the whole container? _________

1 cup or 228 grams

260

12 grams

0 grams

2

520

Metabolism:

The chemical reactions occurring The chemical reactions occurring in the bodyin the body

Can be effected by hormones, Can be effected by hormones, ________, __________, and aging________, __________, and agingGender Diet

Balanced Diet:

Minimum daily intake of all nutrientsMinimum daily intake of all nutrients Effected by species, size, _______, Effected by species, size, _______,

________, and activity________, and activity If you consume more calories than you If you consume more calories than you

use, you will _______ weightuse, you will _______ weight If you consume less calories than you If you consume less calories than you

use, you will _______ weightuse, you will _______ weight Scurvy: a disease due to a ________ Scurvy: a disease due to a ________

intake of vitamin Cintake of vitamin C Diet affects the fetus during pregnancyDiet affects the fetus during pregnancy

GenderAge

Gain

LoseLimited

The new food pyramid includes daily exercise The new food pyramid includes daily exercise and the old pyramid doesn’tand the old pyramid doesn’t

Both pyramids show the amounts of each Both pyramids show the amounts of each food food group need dailygroup need daily

Digestive System:

_______________ food into useable _______________ food into useable substances (substances (____________________)____)

Two types:Two types: 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into

__________ ___________________ _________ 2. Chemical: breakdown food into 2. Chemical: breakdown food into

simpler substances by using _____________simpler substances by using _____________ Absorption: nutrients are taken into the Absorption: nutrients are taken into the

____________system to be transported ____________system to be transported throughout the bodythroughout the body

BreakdownNutrients

Smaller Pieces

Enzymes

Circulatory

Organs that food passes through:

OrganOrgan FunctionFunction

MouthMouth Teeth:Teeth:

Salivary Glands: Salivary Glands:

No digestion takes place hereNo digestion takes place here

Peristalsis: Peristalsis:

StomachStomach Proteins broken down to simpler Proteins broken down to simpler proteinsproteins

Ulcer Ulcer

Most digestion occurs hereMost digestion occurs here

VilliVilli

Mechanical digestionChemical digestion starch-> sugar

EsophagusMuscular contraction

Irritation of the lining of the stomach

Secretes a thick wall of mucus

Small Intestine

Increases surface area; nutrients to be absorbed in to the circulatory system

proteins-> amino acids; sugars-> glucose; fats-> fatty acids & glycerol

Organs that food passes through:

OrganOrgan FunctionFunction

Large Large Intestine Intestine

Absorbs excess ________ to form solid Absorbs excess ________ to form solid waste waste

Stores solid waste Stores solid waste

Anus Anus

Water

Rectum

Releases waste

Organs that food does not pass through:

OrganOrgan FunctionFunction

Liver Liver Produces bile to breakdown _________ Produces bile to breakdown _________

Store bile Store bile

Produces pancreatic juice to help with end Produces pancreatic juice to help with end digestion in the _________ _____________digestion in the _________ _____________

Also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar Also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar level level

AppendixAppendix

Fats

Gall bladder

Pancreas Small Intestine

No function

Appendicitis---inflamed, needs to be removed

Teeth- Mechanical Digestion – smaller pieces

Chemical DigestionStarchSugar

No Digestion

Mechanical and Chemical DigestionSolidLiquid and ProteinSimple proteins

Produces enzymes for chemical digestion

Chemical DigestionSugarGlucoseProteinAmino Acid FatsFatty Acid and Glycerol

Stores Solid Waste

Eliminates Solid Waste

Produces Bile

Stores Bile

Absorbs excess water to make solid Waste

No Function

Review - Magnetism Strength is strongest at the poles Strength is strongest at the poles

(end)(end) Opposite poles attract, move towards Opposite poles attract, move towards

each other (North and South)each other (North and South) Like poles repel, push away from Like poles repel, push away from

each other (North and North or South each other (North and North or South and South)and South)

The closer the magnets, the greater The closer the magnets, the greater the attraction or repulsionthe attraction or repulsion

The farther away the magnets, the The farther away the magnets, the weaker the attraction or repulsionweaker the attraction or repulsion