FRESH WATER FISH CULTURE IN AGRO-BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS, COMMUNITY

INITIATIVE IN INDIA

International Food Security Dialogue 2014“Enhancing Food Production, Gender Equity and Nutritional Security in a Changing World.”

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S.ABUBACKER SIDDICK*, R.DURAIRAJA, ED.I OLIVERKING

India Total Fish Production (2011-2012)

Total Fish Production ( Marine & Inland) 8.67 million tonnes

Marine Fish Production (in MT) 3.37 million

Inland Fish production (in MT) 5.30 million

Exported Fish and Fishery Products (2011-12)Quantity ( in MT)

8.62 lakhs

Exported Fish and Fishery Products (2011-12) Value in Crores

Rs.16,597.23

GDP at current prices (Fisheries Sector) in crores Rs.76,699

GDP share in overall (%) 1.07

GDP share in Agriculture (%) 4.15source: http://www.dahd.nic.in

Sources of Inland Fisheries in India

Resources No. Area (ha.) %

Fish Production (in Tonnes)

%

Reservoirs 61 52,055 13.93 1,922.30 1

Long Seasonal Irrigation Tanks

2012 92,304 24.70 69,269.56 39

Short Seasonal Tanks

6007 163486 43.75 84,894.99 48

Brackish water & Swamps

- 56,000 14.99 10,744.00 6

Others 9,851 2.63 9,394.15 6

Total3,73,696 100 1,71,305.00 100

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INLAND FISHERY SCENARIO IN THREE STATES

S.No. State/UTs

Rivers &

Canals (Kms.)

Reservoirs

(Lakh Ha)

Tanks &Ponds

(Lakh Ha)

FloodplainLakes &Der-elict Water(Lakh Ha)

Brackish Water

(Lakh Ha)

Total WaterBodies

(Lakh Ha)

1 Kerala 3092 0.3 0.3 2.43 2.4 5.43

2 Tamil Nadu 7420 5.7 0.56 0.07 0.6 6.93

3 Orissa 4500 2.56 1.14 1.8 4.3 9.8

source: http://dahd.nic.in/rtia2005/Hand%20Book%202004%20-%2011.07.05/fishstat.htm

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Constraints of Inland Fisheries in Agro-Biodiversity Hotspots

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• Non availability of perennial Rivers, long term tanks and ponds• Inadequate & erratic rain fall • Lack of awareness among the farmers on fresh water fish production• Major carp seed production season (May- Aug) not coinciding with availability of water in ponds/tanks during North East monsoon, (Oct – Dec).• Mismatch of demand & supply of fish seed. Non availability of candidate

species for stocking in short seasonal tanks.• Water bodies are owned, under utilized and poorly managed by local

administration in all the hotspot regions.• Water is prioritized for agriculture than fish culture.• Public policies on water bodies - ownership as per Indian Fishery Act and

State wise Panchayat Raj Acts. (As per Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1994 (RSO211) ownership of Inland water bodies rest with local panchayat and state authority can allot ownership to community)

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RELEVANCE OF INLAND FISHERIES IN APM SITES IN INDIA

• Under-nutrition, Aneamia Protein energy Malnutrition is prevailing across Agro-biodiversity hotspot regions in India.

• Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition (APM) project funded by CIFSRF-IDRC of MSSRF – UoA conducted a study on participatory fish culture in underutilized community ponds.

• The objective of the study is to Promote Fish as a source of animal protein in the diet

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UNDER-NUTRITION STATUS IN INDIA (%)

Nutrition Indicators

NFHSII (1998-99)

NFHS III (2005-06)

Stunting (Children <3) 51 45Wasting (Children <3) 20 23

Underweight (Children <3) 43 40Anaemia (<11.0g/dl) (Children 6-

35 months)74 79

Vitamin A deficiency (Children<5) NA 57Women with BMI < 18.5 36 33

Men with BMI <18.5 NA 28Women with anaemia 52 56

Men with anaemia NA 24

source: National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 (2005-06)http://www.rchiips.org/nfhs/nfhs3.shtml

Pond User’s group formation

Resolution submitted to Village Panchayat

Panchayat president submits to BDO

BDO forwarded to AD and Collector

Collector approve and allow farmers group

Fish stocking in community ponds

Training and Demonstration

Production and consumption

Process Adopted to promote Inland FisheryFocus Group Discussion

Pond User Group Formation

Identification of suitable water bodies

Legalization and acquiring ponds

Training and capacity building

Fish stocking in the ponds and managed

Fish harvest/ shared and consumption

V

c

Local Fish available in ponds are limited in quantity, are uneven sizes, fetch less market value, and are less preferred due to poor taste

FRESH WATER FISH CULTURE : ISSUES

Snake head fish, KH Hills

Catfish, Kolli Hills

Tilapia, Wayanad

Minor carp, Wayanad

Minor carp Kolli Hills Minor carp, Wayanad

Stinging catfish Jeypore

Snake head Fish, JY

Tilapia, Jeypore

Catfish, Kolli Hills

Minor carp, Wayanad

FARMERS PARTICIPATORY FISH SPECIES SELECTION- CRITERIA

• Less mortality rate and higher production preferred• Disease tolerant adoptable to hot and cold seasons (Max: 350C and Min: 70C)• Good taste and Culinary friendly species• Easy to market and for making curries than frying• Natural feed system based fishes preferred• Fish which live in different water columns without affecting each other•Indian major carps (IMC) for fresh water farming like Catla, Rohu, Mrigal and Grass carp were selected

Participatory selection of Carp Fish species

Catla

Silver Carp

Mrigal Grass Carp

Rohu

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Under utilized water bodies Chosen by the community f for fish farming

Kolli Hills

Jeypore wayanad

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Skill Development through Training and Demonstration

Gender participation in training and demonstrations (Eg.KH)

Kolli Hills Wayanad Jeypore

Male parti-cipants

48 18 66

Female parti-cipants

76 15 82

Total parti-cipants

124 33 148

10

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

Participants in Training and Demonstration

No

of p

arti

cipa

nts

• Men (51%) & women (49%) participated in Training, exposure visit on Fish farming, Feed management & cooking demonstrations.

Tamaraikulam Alavadikulam Nachiamman kulam

Pattiamman kulam

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

67

30 37 33

55

3144

20

Male participants Female participants

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Community based Fish culture to cater the marginal communities through Institution building and training

Training, Fish sampling and Fish nutrition demonstration

OUTREACH..• Among the 589 families using the pond, 87.2 % are marginal, 6.5 % small farmers

while 6.3% were landless. Women constitute 47% of the total pond user group. Between 2012 and 2013, fish fingerlings were stocked in 13 community ponds and reared for 7-8 months.

S.NO Particulars Kolli Hills Jaypore Wayanad

2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013

1 No of House Hold 115 144 490 512 10 11

2 No of settlements/ villages covered 21 25 17 23 8 10

3 No of participants Trained 124 136 148 172 33 42

Production and Consumption (Public Pond Users)

PARTICULARS Kolli Hills Jeypore 2012 2013 2012 2013Public ponds in Nos 4 4 9 16

stocking in Nos 11800 20500 31000 77600

Production in Kg 457 3587 1068 13580

consumption in Kg 112 896 820 3395 Mean consumption kg/per head 0.219 1.75 0.391 1.61

Sold in Kg 345 2691 248 10185local cost per Kg 150 150 100 100No of HH 107 107 474 524Total family members 511 511 2096 2228

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Production and Consumption (Private Pond Users)

PARTICULARS Kolli Hills Jeypore Wayanad

2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013Private ponds in Nos. 8 29 16 38 10 11

stocking in Nos 200 5200 20600 83600 2700 5350

Production in Kg 63 910 830 14630 114 1275

consumption in Kg 45 227 230 2194 84 318

Mean consumption per head (Kg) 1.15 1.60 2.45 10.11 2.1 6.76

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Harvesting, Processing, Consumption and Sale of fish among the community members

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Prospects

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Productivity of Water bodies can be improved by stocking right mix of fast growing fish varieties in recommended quantities

Indian Major Carps (IMC) seed Production hatcheries to be made available at sites. (A mini IMC fish production hatchery established at KolliHills with the community support – Nachiamman Club. Two farm ponds established for fish fingerlings multiplication)

Research on Fast growing fish varieties suitable for short seasonal tanks in the sites to be carried out.

All the natural feed available in water bodies can be best utilized by stocking of composition of fish seeds utilizing different levels of water column.

Successful working model of Fresh water fish ponds managed by communities help policy makers for effective utilization of ponds

Summary

• There is potential for promoting fresh water fish culture from community ponds, which entails fish as an additional protein dietary source in household consumption.

• Fresh water Fish culture in community and private ponds (long term and seasonal)help women, marginal and landless to access under utilized water bodies.

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THANK YOU

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Contact: S. Abubacker siddicksiddicka@gmail.com