Nutrition and Diet

Write answers in the white spaces below and pull the tabs for answers.

How would you define nutrition?

How would you define diet?

PullNutrition: The consumption of food and how the body uses the food for growth, energy, and healing of damaged tissues.

PullDiet: the pattern of eating, including what, how, and when a person eats.

Nutrition and Diet

Write answers in the white spaces below and pull the tabs for answers.

What are macronutrients? How much do we need?

What are micronutrients? How much do we need?

PullMacronutrients: Macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. We need these in large amounts.

PullMicronutrients: Micronutrients are trace minerals and some vitamins. Our bodies need only very small amounts.

1 Carbohydrates, major source of ENERGY4 calories per gram

Your body uses carbohydrates (carbs) to make glucose which is the fuel that gives you energy and helps keep everything going.

Your body can use glucose immediately or store it in your liver and muscles for when it is needed.

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2 Two Main Types of Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

Complex carbohydrates

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3 Simple Sugars

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monosaccharides

disaccharides

fructose , dextrose, glucose,  galactose

lactose (galactose & glucose) sucrose (glucose & fructose) maltose (glucose & glucose)

4 Simple Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates include sugars found naturally in foods such as fruits, vegetables, milk, and milk products. Simple carbohydrates also include sugars added during food processing and refining.What's the difference? In general, foods with added sugars have fewer nutrients than foods with naturally-occurring sugars.

Examples of added sugars glucose, brown sugars, fructose, honey, syrup, lactose, sucrose

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5 Complex Carbohydrates

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polysaccharides

3 or more linked sugars

ex. starch

6 Complex Carbohydrates

Starch and dietary fiber are the two types of complex carbohydrates.

Starch (consists of many simple sugars) must be broken down through digestion before your body can use it as a glucose source.

Starch is in certain vegetables (i.e., potatoes, dry beans, peas, and corn).Starch is also found in breads, cereals, and grains.Dietary fiber is in vegetables, fruits, and whole grain foods.

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Simple carbs Complex carbs

Refined Unrefined

Carbohydrates, the Fuel for Life

Pull tabs then sort the different types of carbohydrates.PullCarbohydrates are starches and sugars and our main source of energy. Your body won’t function without carbs.

PullRefined carbs have added chemicals and sugars and natural nutrients like fiber, vitamins, and minerals removed.

PullComplex carbohydrates take longer to digest, are packed with vitamins and minerals, and contain fiber, which aids in digestion.

PullAbout 40–60% of the total calories in our diet should come from carbs and should be mostly complex carbs.

PullA diet high in complex carbs and low in fat can help in weight control and preventing diabetes and cancer.

Simple carbs Complex carbs

Refined Unrefined

Correct Answer

Be a Food Sleuth

Put the food in order of the most to the least amount of sugar.

Sugar

Highest Lowest

Soda, 20 ozVanilla shake, 20 oz

Lowfat flavored yogurt, 8 oz

Chocolate bar

Cereal, 1 cup

White bread, 1 slice

Spaghetti sauce, 1 cup

Ketchup, 1 tablespoon

PullFood manufacturers add sugar and salt to food to make it taste better and to extend the product shelf life.

PullFoods high in sugar don’t result in satiety, or a feeling of fullness, so you keep eating more.

PullHigh fructose corn syrup, dextrose, maltose, galactose, sucrose and lactose are all names for sugar.

Correct Answer

Sugar

Highest Lowest

Soda, 20 oz

Vanilla shake, 20 oz

Lowfat flavored yogurt, 8 oz

Chocolate bar

Cereal, 1 cup

White bread, 1 slice

Spaghetti sauce, 1 cup

Ketchup, 1 tablespoon

17 sugar cubes

12 sugar cubes

7 sugar cubes

4.5 sugar cubes

3 ½ sugar cubes

3 sugar cubes

3 sugar cubes

1 sugar cubes

7 Diabetes

Increase levels of glucose resulting from a problem with insulin secretion or action

Insulin is a chemical produced by the pancreas that controls blood sugar

Type 1 - Cells in pancreas are damaged

Type 2 - Cells do not respond to insulin appropriately **This is on the rise due to obesity

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8 What is the problem with refined carbohydrates?

A They make you feel full too fast.

B They don't stay fresh.

C Most of the nutrients have been removed.

D Most people don't like the way they taste.

9 What is the problem with refined carbohydrates?

Testing for Simple Sugars

- add Benedict's reagent to your sample- heat sample- if sugar is present solution will change colour-different colours indicate different sugars

Testing for Complex Carbohydrates

- add Lugol's solution (iodine) to your sample- if starch is present Lugol's turns blue/black

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