nuclear research at the jrc-institute for transuranium ... · jrc-institute for transuranium...

10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 1

Nuclear Researchat the

JRC-Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe

Prof. Dr. Thomas FANGHÄNELDirector


The JRC in the European Commission

7 Research Institutes in 5 EU countries

CommissionerMáire Geoghegan-Quinn

Research, Innovation and Science

JOINT RESEARCH CENTRERobust Science for Policy MakingRobust Science for Policy Making

As a Directorate-General of the European Commission, The JRC provides customer-driven scientific and technical support to Community policy making

As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union.

http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/geoghegan-quinn/index_en.htm


JRC Nuclear Programme

Nuclear waste management and Environmental Impact: • Spent fuel characterisation• Partitioning, transmutation, conditioning • Radioactivity in the environment

Nuclear waste management and Environmental Impact:• Spent fuel characterisation• Partitioning, transmutation, conditioning • Radioactivity in the environment Key cross-cutting

activities: • Actinide sciences• Education & training• Networking • Medical Applications

Key cross-cutting activities:

• Actinide sciences• Education & training• Networking • Medical Applications

Nuclear security:• Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation• Combating illicit trafficking • Open source information

Nuclear security:• Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation• Combating illicit trafficking • Open source information

Nuclear safety:• Safety of nuclear installations• Nuclear fuel safety• Advanced nuclear energy systems

Nuclear safety:• Safety of nuclear installations• Nuclear fuel safety• Advanced nuclear energy systems

Specific programme “JRC direct actions” EURATOM programme “JRC direct actions”2007-2013 1,751 M€ 2007-2011 517 M€

FP7 indirect actions


Underpinning Science: atomistic and molecular process understanding of fundamental phenomena

Exploratory/Discovery Research

Reference Centre for policy makers, stakeholders and citizens

in the nuclear field

Safetyof the

nuclear fuel cycle

„EURATOM School“

Basic Actinide Sciences

Nuclear safeguards and security

Safetyof nuclear reactors


Nuclear and Actinides Science

Transuranium Elements

1

H

3

Li

11

Na

19

K

37

Rb

55

Cs

32

Fr

119

4

Be

12

Mg

20

Ca

38

Sr

56

Ba

88

Ra

120

21

Sc

39

Y

57

La

89

Ac

121

22

Ti

40

Zr

72

Hf

104

Rf

154

23

V

41

Nb

73

Ta

105

Db

155

24

Cr

42

Mo

74

W

106

Sg

156

25

Mn

43

Tc

75

Re

107

Bh

157

26

Fe

44

Ru

76

Os

108

Hs

158

27

Co

45

Rh

77

Ir

109

Mt

159

28

Ni

46

Pd

78

Pt

110

Ds

160

29

Cu

47

Ag

79

Au

111

Rg

161

30

Zn

48

Cd

80

Hg

162

5

B

13

Al

31

Ga

49

In

81

Tl

113

163

6

C

14

Si

32

Ge

50

Sn

82

Pb

114

164

7

N

15

P

33

As

51

Sb

83

Bi

115

165

8

O

16

S

34

Se

52

Tl

84

Po

116

166

9

F

17

Cl

35

Br

53

I

85

At

117

167

2

He

10

Ne

18

Ar

36

Kr

54

Xe

86

Rn

118

168

58

Ce 59

Pr 60

Nd 61

Pm 62

Sm 63

Eu 64

Gd 65

Tb 66

Dy 67

Ho 68

Er 69

Tm 70

Yb 71

Lu

90

Th 91

Pa 92

U 93

Np 94

Pu 95

Am 96

Cm 97

Bk 98

Cf 99

Es 100

Fm101

Md 102

No 103

Lr

122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 147 148 149 150 151 152 153

Lanthanides

Actinides

Superactinides

Transuranium Elements


The Institute for Transuranium Elements

The mission of ITU is to provide the scientific foundation for the protection of the European citizen against risks associated with the handling and storage of highly radioactive material.

ITU’s prime objectives are • to serve as a reference centre for basic actinide research,• to contribute to an effective safety and safeguards system for the nuclear fuel cycle, and • to study technological and medical applications of transuranium elements.

Founded in 1963

ISO 14001:2004 standard for environmental

management

OHSAS 18001(Occupational Health and

Safety Standard)

ISO 9001:2000 quality management standard

(since 1994)

EFQM Excellence Model as basis for an

integrated business processes implementation

ISO 17025Accredited Laboratory


65

117

3628

18 15 15

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Universitystaff (AD)

Technicalstaff (AST

high)

Support staff(AST low)

Grantholders Trainees ScientificVisitors

ContractAgents

Staff ~ 300 (+ externals)More than 24 nationalities

The Institute for Transuranium Elements in numbersINSTITUTIONAL PROGRAMME

2 14 7

94

515

50

45

356

24

117

134 3 21 6 7 A

BCZDDKEFFINGBGRHIRLILTLVLNLPLPROSLOSWEOTH

Institutional Budget about 40 M€Competitive activities

6-8 M€, about 15% of budget


• 24 hot cells with capacities up to 1 Mio Curies and some 400 glove boxes in 30 alpha-laboratories.

• Minor Actinide Lab for preparing irradiation targets containing amounts of actinides for transmutation experiments

• ARTINA category 10-100 Clean Lab for safeguards and nuclear forensic applications

• Destructive and non-destructive analyses– Advanced mass spectrometers, laboratory robots, …

• Basic materials science investigations– Materials studies down to 1 K and up to 8000 K and 60 GPa– Photo-electron spectroscopy, – Crystallographic investigations, – Solid-state studies (X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance and

optical properties) on highly radioactive samples, – Mössbauer spectroscopy at normal and elevated pressures – High-resolution electron microscopes, – Shielded microprobes, ….

Facilities and unique equipment


New facilities 2008-2010

• "EURACT-NMR – European Radioactive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance"

(workshop in Karlsruhe 27-29 January, 2010) • New Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)• Raman spectrometer

Facilities and unique equipment

• Instrumentation: Surface Science Spectroscopies (XPS)

• Large Geometry SIMS laboratory


ITU’s core competences

Basic actinides science

and applications

Safety of the nuclear fuel cycle

Safeguardsand

nuclear forensics

Education, Training and user facilities/networking


Basic Actinide Science and Applications

The actinides are among the most complex of the long- lived elements, and in the solid state, they display some of the most unusual behaviours of any series in the periodic table

Radial-Distribution of the valence electrons in trivalent Lanthanide and Actinide

Oxydation states in the Actinide series


Alpha-ImmunoTherapy

Alpha-ImmunoTherapy• production of radionuclides• radiolabelling of biomolecules• radiobiology and pre-clinical studies• production of radionuclides and set-

up of adapted reprocessing • Further diversification of

applications• Radiobiology for Th-226 and U230• In vivo studies

Principle of Alpha-Immunotherapy

Y-90

several 1000 µm

Bi-213

80 µm

β

α


Alpa-ImmunoTherapy: Clinical and pre-clinical Studies

ITUα-emitting

isotopesGastric, bladder, ovarian cancer

(Munich)

Brain tumours (Phase I)Prostate cancer (Basel)

Multiple myeloma (Nantes)

Infectious diseasesHIV Phase I (New York)

Breast Cancer(Baltimore)

Alternative alpha-emitters and chelatesIncrease pre-clinical and clinical studies diversify applications

CT image of patient #4 after injection of 17.4 mCi213Bi-DOTA-SubstanceP

Malignant melanoma (Phase I), + pre-

clinical (Sydney)




and applications


Safeguardsand

nuclear forensics



A European vision of nuclear energy development

Generation I

Generation II

1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090

Generation III

First First ReactorsReactors

Dismantling & clean-up

Current Current ReactorsReactors

Future Future SystemsSystems

Generation IV

Produces 31% of Europe’s electricity

New build in Finland and France (EPR), other countries… Start of industrial deployment in 2040-

2050

What R&D to support this vision?

Advanced Advanced ReactorsReactors


Nuclear Waste DisposalNuclear Waste Disposal• studies on unirradiated wasteforms• advanced characterisation methods• corrosion studies on irradiated fuels• conditioning matrices for minor

actinides

Alternative Fuel CyclesAlternative Fuel Cycles• advanced aqueous partitioning• pyro-reprocessing technologies• head-end conversion processes

Safety of Advanced Nuclear Fuels:•advanced sustainable fuels•EURATOM contribution to Gen IV •International Forum (GIF).

Safety of Conventional Nuclear Fuels• in-pile behaviour of nuclear fuel at extended burn-up

• Code and Modeling: Transuranus


ITU FUTURIX pellets

SNE-TP


101 102 103 104 105 106102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

with P&T

1000 y [99% Pu, 98% MA removal]

270 y

500 y [99.5% Pu, 99% MA removal]

130,000 y

results based on ICRP72

Inge

stio

n ra

diot

oxic

ity(S

vpe

r ton

spe

nt fu

el)

time (y)

Totalactinides

fission products

ref. 7.83 t U in equilibriumwith P&T

Waste Waste RadiotoxicityRadiotoxicity

MultiMulti--barrier conceptbarrier conceptRetrievabilityRetrievability, Reducing conditions, Reducing conditionsSourceSource--term term Fuel corrosionFuel corrosion

Nuclear Waste DisposalNuclear Waste Disposal

Nuclear Waste Disposal




and applications


Safeguardsand

nuclear forensics



Nuclear Security

Traditional Safeguards Isotope & Element Assay- Nuclear material accountancy (owner)- Independent verification (Euratom, IAEA,...)

Strengthened Safeguards Environmental Analysis

- Absence of undeclared activities (Add. Protocol)

LISEURATOM

NonNon--Proliferation is a policy objective of the EU, ITU provides Proliferation is a policy objective of the EU, ITU provides scientific/technical support to Member States, Euratom and IAEAscientific/technical support to Member States, Euratom and IAEA

Illicit trafficking and nuclear forensics- Detection Chemical Analysis- Source attribution Macroscopic Parameters

Microscopic ParametersReference Data

Radiological Dispersal Event (RDE)

?


OSL Sellafield (1999+)

Robotised glovebox for sample preparation and alpha spectrometry

Diluted spent fuel and product samples

LSS La Hague (2000+)

Hot cells for handling and analysing dissolved spent fuel

Undiluted spent fuel and product samples

Traditional Safeguards

SLO LSS


Illicit Trafficking (all types) incidents 1993-2007(source: IAEA)

Nuclear Security Incidents




and applications


Safeguardsand

nuclear forensics



Knowledge Management, Education & Training

• Summer Schools• Trainees, PhD students, Post-Docs• Visiting scientists• User Facility• Network of excellence• Actinide User lab

• Workshops• Conferences

• training courses• Upgrade and new nuclear databases

Information portals www.nucleonica.net


Quick view into the future…

New office building (2009-2012):

Wing M (2007-2014):


Global Actinide Management

2020 2030 2040 2050

UPu

Np

U, Pu + MA

Pu + MA

Pu

PuMA

MA Partitioning and storage

PuU

Unat

MA

LWR

2030/2040•GEN III+ LWR & GEN IV FR

–

3rd generation Pu recycling–

Full An recycling (GEN IV)

–

Recycling of stored MA–

Dedicated MA burners

if needed

MA

MA BurnersADS

Gen III+

Gen III+

Gen IV Fast reactors

2020•Implementation of MA partitioning•Waste minimization (Vitrified FP)


Response to illicit trafficking

Detection

Categorization

Source Attribution

Nuclear Forensics

Nuclear Material (U, Pu, reactor or weapons grade) or other radioactive material (60Co,137Cs, 192Ir,…)

Detection equipment, intelligence

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