NTFP: VALUE ADDITION AND IT’S IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD

Advisory committee

Dr. K. KUMARANProfessor (Forestry)Dept. of Floriculture & Medicinal Plants, HC & RI Periyakulam

MEMBERS

Dr. I. SEKARProfessor (Forestry)Dept. of Forest Products and Utilization, FC & RIMettupalayamDr. D. AMIRTHAMAssistant Professor (Biochemistry)Dept. of Forest Products and Utilization, FC & RIMettupalayam

CHAIRMAN

ADDITIONAL MEMBER

Dr. S. MURUGESANSenior Scientist, Division of Bio-prospectingIFGTB, Coimbatore

CONTENTS

‘Non-Timber Forest Products’ (NTFPs) encompasses all biological materials other than timber, which are extracted from forests for human use.

NTFP ?

(Source: De Beer and McDermott , 1989)

NTFP CLASSIFICATION

GROUP-INTFPs of Plant Origin

• Edible Plant Products• Spices and Condiments• Medicinal Plants• Aromatic Plants• Fatty Oil Yield Plants• Gum & Resin Exuding Plants• Tan Yield Plants• Dye & Colour Yield Plants• Fibre & Floss Yield Plants• Bamboo-Canes• Fodder & Forage• Fuelwood, Charcoal Making• Bidi Wrapper Leaves• Other Leaves for Plates• Beads for Ornaments• Saponin & Marking Nut Plant-Others

(Shiva and Mathur, 1996)

NTFP CLASSIFICATION

(Shiva and Mathur, 1996)

GROUP-IINTFPs of Animal Origin

• Honey• Lac• Tussar and Other Silk• Insects and Animal-Hides, Skins and Feathers• Horns, Bones and Shellac-Ivory and Musk

SOUTH EAST ASIA - NTFPs TRADE

COUNTRY NUMBER OF

ENTERPRISES

NUMBER OF

PERSONS

INVOLVED

NUMBER OF

VILLAGES

SALES

India 27 2,232 370 €1,81,596Indonesia 29 1,452 58 € 99,838Philippines 64 1,946 68 € 88,417.8Cambodia 38 1,649 81 € 38,344.2Total 163 7,400 600 €4,08,196

(Source: NTFP’s Annual Report, 2011)

SOUTH EAST ASIA - NTFPs TRADE

(Source: NTFP’s Annual Report, 2011)

NTFP Collection: An analysis

Forest Department (Divisional Forest Officer)

Highest Bidder / Tribal Society

Agent

Sub Agent (Optional)

Tribal Collector

Permit given from collectors

(Source: Key stone biodiversity programme – NTFP Project, 1998)

NTFP General – Supply chain

(Source: National status report[MOEF], 2006)

• Increase sales by creating product diversity

• Stabilize income by allowing income creation during off-seasons

• Provide opportunities for other groups or sectors to create income from the products

• Provide an outlet for other creative talents

• Make use of excess produce

Reasons for developing Value Added products

VALUE ADDITION IN NTFPs

Honey

Amla

Tendu leaves

Sal leaf plates

Lac

Cutch and Katha

TanninsTamarindus

Honey Processing

Removal of cappings

Filtering

Insert - Extractor

Labeling

Harvesting

Packing

MAJOR HONEY SOURCES IN INDIA

TOP HONEY PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(Source: FAO, 2011)

i. Comb Honey & Chunk Honeyii. Organic Honeyiii. Crystallized Honeyiv. Pasteurized Honeyv. Raw Honeyvi. Strained Honeyvii. Ultrafiltered Honeyviii.Ultrasonicated Honeyix. Whipped Honey

Types of honey

LAC PROCESSING

Lac sticks Scraping lac from twigs

Washing with alkaline

Filtration Hot melting

Final Stretching

Lac sheets(Source: Ramesh

Singh, 2006)

Lac production at National level

(Source: Indian institute of natural resins and gums[Report], Ranchi - 2011)

Share of different states in Lac production at National

level

(Source: Indian institute of natural resins and gums[Report], Ranchi - 2011)

1. Murabbai. Amla Murabbaii. Amla honey Murabbaiii. Amla Sugar Free

Murabba2. Sweetsi. Amla Burfiii. Amla Laddu3. Candyi. Amla Candy Plainii. Amla Candy Superiii. Amla Candy Chapatti

AMLA PRODUCTS (Indian Gooseberry)

4. Juice & Squash

i. Amla Juiceii. Amla Squash5. Powderi. Amla Powderii. Amla Churanam6. Picklesi. Amla Pickle7. Chatnii. Amla Chatni8. Jami. Amla Jam

AMLA SEED EXPELLER

(Source: KSNM- Agri Marketing, 2011)

AMLA PICKLE

Filter to separate juice

Add- Salt + Chilies +Oil

Add muster seeds

After 5 mins. -Amla Pickle

Boil with water 5 mins.

AMLA MURABBA

Boil – 2 mins.

Make sugar sol. Soak amla

Boil – 4 mins.

Repeat – 4 days

Soak – Amla with water 2 hr

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

Step 1: Pre-processing = De-hulling and cleaning

Fresh fruits

Drying - Pods

Cracking - Pods

Separating (Mature pods & Dusts)

Cleaning to remove seedsPulp

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

Step 2: Processing from the pulp

Tamarind Pulp

Boil in water

Filter to separate juice

Pour into bottles and seal

Heat pasteurize in bottles

Cool it rapidly by cold water

JUICE PICKLE

Grind and mix with salt +

spices

Pour into bottles while hot

Cook for 20 mins while stirring

Tamarind Pickle

Tamarind Pulp

(Source: Nihar Dash, 2008-09)

Tendu Leaves Processing (Diospyros melaoxylon. Lin)

Collection Trimming & Sizing

Rolling

Trimming & Sizing

Trimming & Sizing

Trimming & Sizing(Source: Nihar Dash, 2008-09)

Sal Leaf plates (Shorea robusta)

Harvesting leaves

Collection

Moulding Moulded plate

Sun drying

Packing

Cutch & Katha (Acacia catechu) - Processing

Removal of bark and sapwood

Cutting of wood – 5X6 cm

Water wood ratio 3:1 boiled for12 hr

Density of syrup(1.1)

Poured into mould dug

10-15 days

Tannins (Myrobalans) - Processing

1. Chipping / crushing

2. Extraction (diffuser)

3. Settling

4. Concentrating (triple effect evaporator)

5. Spray drying (spray drier)

6. Final product

(Food And Agricultural Industry, 1997)

1. Local institutions and tenure2. Ecological sustainability3. Social equity and fair trade4. Responsible business practices

ECO-CERTIFICATION OF NTFPs

• Improved species/forest management over time

• Social benefits/parity/rights of forest communities involved in collection

• Low wastage & higher quality of product

• Geographical track back & source identity

BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION

Sl. No.

Name of the product 1998 price 2008 price

1. Honey INR 10 / Kg INR 72 /KgINR 110 /Kg for semi processedINR 150 /Kg for double filtered

2. Amla INR 1.5 / Kg INR 3 /Kg for CollectorsINR 6 / Kg for VFCs

3. Eecham Grass INR 3 / Kg INR 7 /Kg for CollectorsINR 14 for VFCs

4. Soap Nut INR 1.5 /Kg INR 3 /Kg for collectorsINR 6 /Kg for VFCs

5. Aralekai INR 2 /Kg INR 4 /Kg for CollectorsINR 8 /Kg for VFCs

IMPACT OF THE INTERVENTIONS IN TERMS OF NTFP PRICES FOR

COLLECTORS

(Source: Dhananjaya and Umesh Rao, 2007)

PRICE RANGE OF OIL SEEDS, OIL AND OIL CAKE

Sl. No.

Name of Seed Seed Rs/ Kg

OilRs/ Lit.

Oil Cak

eRs/ Kg

Use ofOil Cake

1. Karanj (Pongamia Pinnata)

9-14 50-55 70-90

Bio Pesticide, Fertilizer

2. Neem (Azadirachta indica )

7-15 75-90 120-160

Bio Pesticide

3. Mahua Seed (Madhuca indica)

9-18 35-45 80-120

Fish feed, Mosquito Coil Making, Soap Industry, Fertilizer

(Source: Jharkhand Govt., 2007)

1. Cheating by local traders on weight and measurement

2. Lack of market price information

3. Quality of stored NTFP reduced for moisture absorption

4. Sustainability Issues

5. Lack of capacity to market NTFPs

ISSUES IN NTFPs VALUE ADDITION

1. At the Individual level

2. At the Population level

IMPACTS DUE TO UNSUSTAINABLE HARVEST

3. At the Ecosystem level

4. At the Genetic level

• The cost from illegal fees collected by some policemen from traders or middlemen at checkpoints are passed to the collectors by lowering the local buying prices of NTFPs.

• Lack of support from the Government on NTFP development.

LEGAL AND POLITICAL

POLICY AND ACTs

• Indian Forest Act, 1927

• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

• Forest Conservation Act, 1980

• National Forest Policy, 1988

• Inaccessibility

• Lack of research

• Limited skills

• Monopoly - NTFP marketing.

• Low market prices of NTFPs.

• Lack of financial support

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

1. Depletion of resources resulting in difficulty in NTFP collection.

2. Decline of wildlife.

3. Occupation of the forest by powerful entities that causes degradation to the forest resources.

ENVIRONMENTAL

A threat to • Mother Nature• Mankind

Biopiracy

Remedies• Awareness• National Policy and Act

• Promote sustainable harvesting

• Improve production

• Empower to community

• Ensure that the benefits from NTFP processing are spread throughout the community

Suggestions

CONCLUSION

Rural people’s doing NTFPs Value Addition, while this process those NTFPs quality will improve

simultaneously rural livelihood also improving, but they should know and rectify the negative impact

on environment.