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nrad;Kiwj;jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fSk;

Mrpupau; topfhl;b

juk; 6

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© Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ISBN

njhopDl;gf; fy;tpj; JiwnjhopDl;gf; fy;tpj; JiwnjhopDl;gf; fy;tpj; JiwnjhopDl;gf; fy;tpj; JiwnjhopDl;gf; fy;tpj; Jiw

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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

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gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;.

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1. tptrhak; - Agriculture2. czT - Food3. Muk;gj;njhopDl;gk; - Elementary Technology4. tzpf eltbf;iffs; - Business Matters5. rpj;jpupg;G - Graphics

‘jfty; njhopDl;gKk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gKk; (Information and CommunicationTechnology) gw;wp mbg;gil tpsf;fj;ij khztu; ngwj;jf;f tifapy; Nkw;gb gug;Gf;fSld;‘jfty; njhopDl;gKk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gKk;’ xd;wpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nkw;gb njhopDl;gg; gug;Gfisr; Nru;e;j gy;tifj; jpwd;fis kl;Lkd;wp> ehshe;jtho;f;iff;F Kf;fpakhditahd nghJ (Generic) nkd;jpwd;fs; (Soft skills) cl;gl ey;y tho;f;ifg;gof;fq;fisAk; kdg;ghq;FfisAk; tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;Fk; ,jD}lfr; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;.

nra;Kiwj;jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fSk; ghlj;ij 6 njhlf;fk; 9 tiuapyhd juq;fspy;eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ nraw;ghLfis Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;L> fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;KiwiaKd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; 8 Mk; 9Mk;; juq;fspy; gbg;gbahfr; rpf;fyhd nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;nraw;wpl;lq;fis (Projects) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fw;wy; epfOjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

1.2. ghlf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;1.2. ghlf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;1.2. ghlf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;1.2. ghlf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;1.2. ghlf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

• gue;j Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;Gf;fspy; guk;gpAs;s nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fspy; gupr;rak; ngWjy;.

• nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfspYk; njhopDl;gr; nraw;ghLfspYk; <LgLk;NghJ> me;je;jr;nraw;ghLfSf;Fupa cgfuzq;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk; njupT nra;J gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• Jupjkhf khw;wkilAk; njhopDl;gk; rhu;e;j jfty;fisj; jpul;b> mtw;iwg; nghUSs;stpjj;jpy; mikj;jy;.

• ehshe;j tho;f;if Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhf ey;y Ntiyg;gof;fq;fisAk; elj;ijfisAk; tpUj;jpnra;jy;.

• khztu;fs; jkJ Ra Mw;wy;fs; kPJ ek;gpf;if itj;J> Gj;jhf;fk; Gupa Kidg;GWjy;.

• ntt;NtW nraw;ghLfspD}lhfg; ngw;w jpwd;fisAk; mDgtq;fisAk; xd;wpizj;Jr;nraw;wpl;lk; xd;wpid xOq;fhd tifapy; G+u;j;jp nra;jy;.

2

2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs;2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs;2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs;2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs;2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs;

Njrpa fy;tp KiwikahdJ> jdpegu;f;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd ngUk;ghyhd

Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;Fj; jdpegu;fSf;Fk; FOtpdUf;Fk; cjtp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghyhd fy;tp mwpf;iffSk; Mtzq;fSk; jdpegu;

NjitfisAk; Njrpa NjitfisAk; epiwT nra;tjw;fhf ,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;Js;sd.

rkfhyf; fy;tp mikg;Gf;fspYk; nrad;KiwfspYk; ntspg;gilahff; fhzg;gLk;

gytPdq;fs; fhuzkhf> epiyNgWila kdpj tpUj;jpapd; vz;zf;fUj;jpl;l tuk;gpDs;

fy;tpapD}lhf milaf;$ba gpd;tUk; ,yf;Fj; njhFjpapid Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO

,dq;fz;Ls;sJ.

I . kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; vDk; vz;zf;fUf;fs; Njrpag;gpizg;G>

Njrpa KOik> Njrpa xw;Wik> ,zf;fk;> rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jy;

%yKk; ,yq;ifg; gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhu NtWghl;bid mq;fPfupj;jy; %yKk;

Njrj;ijf; fl;b vOg;GjYk; ,yq;ifau; vDk; milahsj;ij Vw;gLj;jYk;.

I I . khw;wKWk; cyfj;jpd; rthy;fSf;Fj; jf;fthW Kfq;nfhLj;jNyhL> Njrpa

ghuk;gupaj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fis mq;fPfupj;jYk; NgZjYk;.

I I I .kdpj cupikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> flikfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T>

xUtu; kPJ xUtu; nfhz;Ls;s Mo;e;j> ,ilawhj mf;fiwAzu;T vd;gtw;iw

Nkk;gLj;Jk; r%f ePjpAk; [dehaf tho;f;ifKiw epakq;fSk; cs;slq;fpa

Rw;whliy cUthf;FjYk; Mjupj;jYk;.

I V . xUtuJ cs> cly; eyidAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspg;gij mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l epiyNgWila tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jy;

V . ed;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rkepiy MSikf;Fupa Mf;fr; rpe;jid> jw;WzpG>

Ma;e;J rpe;jpj;jy;> nghWg;G> tif$wy; kw;Wk; cld;ghlhd mk;rq;fis tpUj;jp

nra;jy;.

V I . jdpeguJk; Njrj;jpdJk; tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; Ngh~pf;ff; $baJk; ,yq;ifapd;

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspf;ff; $baJkhd Mf;fg; gzpfSf;fhd

fy;tpA+l;Ltjd; %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jp.

V I I .jdpegu;fspd; khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g> ,zq;fp thoTk; khw;wj;ij Kfhik nra;aTk;

jahu;gLj;jTk; tpiuthf khwptUk; cyfpy; rpf;fyhdJk;> vjpu;ghuhjJkhd

epiyikfisr; rkhspf;Fk; jifikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

3

3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs;3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs;3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs;3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs;3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs;

fy;tpapD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j Njrpa

,yf;Ffis miltjw;F toptFf;Fk;.

I. njhlu;ghly; Nju;r;rpfs; njhlu;ghly; Nju;r;rpfs; njhlu;ghly; Nju;r;rpfs; njhlu;ghly; Nju;r;rpfs; njhlu;ghly; Nju;r;rpfs;

njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs; ehd;F Jizj; njhFjpfis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;lit. vOj;jwpT> vz;zwpT> rpj;jpu mwpT> jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik.

vOj;jwpT: ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;>

fUj;jwpa thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk; nrk;ikahfTk;

vOJjy;> gad;jUk; tifapyhd fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;

vz;zwpT: nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; vd;gtw;Wf;F vz;fisg;

gad;gLj;jy;> vz;Zjy;> fzpj;jy;> xOq;F

Kiwahf msj;jy;

rpj;jpu mwpT: NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUj;ij mwpjy;.

t pguq ;fs ; > mwpTWj ;jy ;fs ; > vz;zq ;fs ;

Mfpatw;iw NfhL> cUtk;> tu;zk; vd;gtw;why;

ntspg;gLj;jYk; gjpT nra;jYk;

jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik: fzpdp mwpT - fw;wypy;> njhopy; Rw;whlypy;> nrhe;j

tho;tpy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gq;fisg;

(ICT) gad;gLj ;jy ;

II. MSik tpUj;jp njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; MSik tpUj;jp njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; MSik tpUj;jp njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; MSik tpUj;jp njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; MSik tpUj;jp njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;

- Mf;fk;> tpupe;j rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;> gpur;rpid tpLtpj;jy;>

EZf;fkhd kw;Wk; gFg;gha;Tr; rpe;jid> mzpapduhfg; gzp nra;jy;> jdpahs;

,iltpidj; njhlu;Gfs;> fz;Lgpbj;jYk; fz;lwpjYk; Kjyhd jpwikfs;.

- Neu;ik> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik> kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; Mfpa tpOkpaq;fs;.

- kd vOr;rpfs;> Ez;zwpT.

III. #oy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; #oy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; #oy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; #oy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs; #oy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;

,j;Nju;r;rpfs; #oNyhL njhlu;GWfpd;wd - r%fk;> capupay;> ngsjpfk;

r%fr; #oy;: Njrpa ghuk;gupak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd;

mq;fj;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlu;GWk; Ez;Zzu;Tj;

jpwd;fSk;> gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk; ePjp> r%fj; njhlu;Gfs;> jdpegu;

elj;ijfs;> nghJthdJk; rl;lG+u;tkhdJkhd rk;gpujhaq;fs;>

cupikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs;> flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy;

mf;fiwAk;

4

capupay; #oy;: thOk; cyF> kf;fs;> capupay; #oy; njhFjp - kuq;fs;> fhLfs;>

fly;> ePu;> tsp> capupd jhtuk;> tpyq;F> kdpj tho;T

Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;Tk;>

Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk; fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fk;

tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk;

jpwd;fSk; ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

ngsjpfr; #oy;: ,lk;> rf;jp> vupnghUs;> rlg;nghUs;> nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; mit

kdpj tho;f;if> czT> cil> ciwAs;> Rfhjhuk;> nrsfupak;>

Rthrk;> epj;jpiu> ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> fopTfs;> capupd fopTg;

nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa

tpopg;Gzu;Tk; Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk; fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy

nra;tjw;Fk; tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk;

gad;gLj;Jk; jpwd;fSk; ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

IV. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahu; nra;jy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahu; nra;jy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahu; nra;jy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahu; nra;jy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahu; nra;jy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;.

khztu;fsJ rf;jpia cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wiyg;

Ngh~pg;gjw;Fk; Ntz;ba njhopy;rhu; jpwd;fs;.

- nghUshjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy;.

- mtu;fsJ njhopy; tpUg;Gf;fisAk; csr;rhu;GfisAk; fz;lwpjy;.

- mtu;fsJ Mw;wy;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ntiyiaj; njupT nra;jy;.

- gadspf;ff; $baJk; epiyNgWilaJkhd [PtNdhghaj;jpy; <Lgly;.

V. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;.

md;whl tho;f;ifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdtw;iwj; njupT nra;aTk; ehshe;j

tho;f;ifapy; xOf;fnewp> mwnewp> rkanewp njhlu;ghd elj;ijfisg; nghUj;jKw

Nkw;nfhs;sTk; tpOkpaq;fisj; jd;kakhf;fpf; nfhs;sYk; cs;thq;fYk;

VI. Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs;. Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs;. Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs;. Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs;. Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs;.

mofpaw; fiyfs;> ,yf;fpak;> tpisahl;L> nka;ty;Yeu; Nghl;bfs;> Xa;T Neug;

nghOJNghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; tho;tpd; Mf;fG+u;tr; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;

,d;g Efu;r;rp> kfpo;r;rp> kdntOr;rpfs; Nghd;w kdpj mDgtq;fs;

VII. “fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;” njhlHghd Nju;r ;rpfs;.njhlHghd Nju;r ;rpfs;.njhlHghd Nju;r ;rpfs;.njhlHghd Nju;r ;rpfs;.njhlHghd Nju;r ;rpfs;.

tpiuthf khWfpd;w> rpf;fyhd> xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fp epw;fpd;w cynfhd;wpy; xUtu;

RahjPdkhff; fw;gjw;fhd typikaspj;jYk; khw;wpaikf;Fk; nrad;KiwA+lhf>

khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g ,aq;fTk; mjid Kfhik nra;aTk; Ntz;ba czu;itAk;

ntw;wpiaAk; ngwr; nra;jy;.

(Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if - 2003 bnrk;gu;)

5

njhopDl;gg ;njhopDl;gg ;njhopDl;gg ;njhopDl;gg ;njhopDl;gg ;

gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl

Ntisfs;Ntisfs;Ntisfs;Ntisfs;Ntisfs;

01. tptrhak01. tptrhak01. tptrhak01. tptrhak01. tptrhak ;; ;; ; 1.0 ,Uf;Fk; tsq;

fisg; gad;gLj;jp>

gapu; epyj;ij mgp

tpUj;jp nra;thu;.

1.1 ghlrhiyj; Njhl;

lj ;jpy ; ghj;jpfs;

mikj;J ,yFthf

elj;jf;f gapu;fisr;

nra;if gz;Zthu;.

• gapu;r; nra;iff;Fj; Njitahd

Rw;Wr;#oy; (#upa xsp> ,l trjp>

kz;> ePu;)

• gad;ghl;bd;gb ntt;NtW gapu;f;

$l;lq;fs;

• gapu;r ;nra;iff;Fr; rhjfkhd

gpuhzpf;$l;lq;fs;

• tPl;Lj; Njhl;l cgfuzq;fs;>

fUtpfs;

• gapu ;r ;nra;iff;Fg; nghUj;j

khdthW epyj;ijj; jahu;g ;

gLj;Jjy;

• gapu ;r ;nra;iff;Fg; nghUj;j

khdthW kz;izj; jahu;g ;

gLj;Jjy;

• gapu; eLjy;

• eLifg; nghUs;fs;

- tpj;Jf;fs;> ehw;Wf;fs;@ jz;

Lj; Jz;lq;fs;> fpoq;Fj;

Jz;lq;fs; Nghd;w gjpag;

gFjpfs;

- Kd;gupfupg;G

- eLif ,ilntspAk; eLif

MoKk;

• guhkupg;G

• epoy; toq;Fjy;

• ePu; gha;r;Rjy;

• kz;zPu;f;fhg;G

• capu; tif %Lgil/ capupy;

tif %Lgil ,ly;

• gpuNjrj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;j

khd gapu;fisj; njupT

nra;J gapu;r;nra;ifg;

ghj;jp jahupg;ghu;.

• eLtjw;fhf eLifg;

nghUs;fisr; rupahfj;

jahu;g;gLj;Jthu;.

• gapu;fisr; rupahf el;Lg;

guhkupg;ghu;.

18

4.0 Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;GfSf;FKupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lk;> tpla cs;slf;fk;> fw;ww;NgWfs;> ghlNtisfs;4.0 Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;GfSf;FKupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lk;> tpla cs;slf;fk;> fw;ww;NgWfs;> ghlNtisfs;4.0 Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;GfSf;FKupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lk;> tpla cs;slf;fk;> fw;ww;NgWfs;> ghlNtisfs;4.0 Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;GfSf;FKupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lk;> tpla cs;slf;fk;> fw;ww;NgWfs;> ghlNtisfs;4.0 Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;GfSf;FKupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lk;> tpla cs;slf;fk;> fw;ww;NgWfs;> ghlNtisfs;

6

1.2 tFg;giwr; Rw;Wg;

Gwj ;ij mof pa

,iyj; jhtuq;fs;>

G +j ;jhtuq ;fisf;

nfhz;L moFgLj;

Jthu;.

; • Nrjdg; grisg; gpuNahfk;

• fis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

• Neha;> gPilf; fl;Lg;ghL

• #oy; Neakhd Kiwfs;

• nghUj ;jkhd myq ;fhuj ;

jhtuq;fisj; njupT nra;jy;

• G+f;fs; Njhd;Wk; jhtuq;fs;

• mofpa ,iy tifj; jhtuq;fs;

• ntt;NtW tbtj; jhtuq;fs;

(nfhbfs;> njhq;Fk; jhtuq;fs;>

$k;G tbtj; jhtuq;fs;> Fl;il

ahd jhtuq;fs;)

• ehw;Wf;fisr; rhbfspNyw;wYk;

ghj;jpfspy; mofhf eLjYk;

• mofpa ,iy tifj;

jhtuq;fs;> g+f;fs; Njhd;

Wk; jhtuq;fis mikg;

Gg; ghq;fpw;Nfw;gj; njupT

nra;thu;.

• rhbapNyw;wg;gl;l jhtuq;

fisr; rupahfg; Ngzp

tsu;g;ghu;.

• mofpa Njhw;wk; fpilf;

Fk; tifapy;> maw;

#oiy mofpa ,iyj;

jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; g+f;fs;

Njhd;Wk; jhtuq;fshy;

myq;fupg;ghu;.


gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fktpla cs;slf;fktpla cs;slf;fktpla cs;slf;fktpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl

NtisfsNtisfsNtisfsNtisfsNtisfs;

7

02. czT 02. czT 02. czT 02. czT 02. czT

2.0 capu ;r ; R +oiyg ;

g hJfhg ; g jw ;Fg ;

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

4.0. cztpd; juk; ghJ

fhf;fg;gLk; tif

apy; Efu ;Tf ;fhf

czitg; ghJfhg;

ghdjhf;Ftjw;Fg;

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

2.1 jk ; tho plj ;ij

mz;ba Rw;Wg;Gw>

ca p u ; r ; #oy py ;

tpyq;Ffspd; Njit

fis epiwNtw;Wthu;.

4.1 cztpd ; ,ay ;G

fis tptupj;J Efu;

Tf;fhf czitr;

Nrfupg;ghu;.

• Rw;Wg;Gwr; R+oypy; gutyhff;

fhzg;gLk; tpyq;Ffs;

• gwitfs;

• tz;zhj;jpg; G+r;rpfSk;

Vida G+r;rpfSk;.

• mzpy;fs;

• Vida gpuhzpfs;

• mt;tpyq;Ffs; thOk; ntt;NtW

#oy;fs;

• mtw;wpd; ,Ug;G #oYf;F Kf;fp

aj;Jtk; ngWk; tpjk;

• tpyq;Ffspd; Njitfis

epiwT nra;J kfpo;r;rpahd

#oiy cUthf;Fjy;

• czT• czTg; gpupTfs; - tifg;gLj;jy;

• cztpd; ,ay;Gfs;• Gj;jk; Gjpa czTfs;• jahupj;j czTfs;

• czT cl;nfhs;tjd; gad;fs;• jkJ tPl ;lhupd; Efu;Tf;fhf

czitg; ghJfhg;ghdjhf;Fjy;• tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy; / tPl;by;cw;gj;jp nra;j czT

• nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhfczitj; njupT nra;jy;

• czitg; ghJfhj;jy;• Rj;jpfupj;jy;• nghjpaply;

• fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;

• Rw ;Wg ; Gwr ; R +oy py ;

gutyhff; fhzg;gLk;

tpyq;Ffspd; elj;ij

fis mtjhdpj;Jg; gjpT

nra;thu;.

• tpyq ;Ffs pd ; ,Ug ; G

#oYf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngWk ; tpjk ; Fwpj ;J

mDgtk; ngWthu;.

• tpyq;Ffspd; Njitfs;

epiwT ngWkhW #o

iyf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

• cztpd; ,ay;Gfis

tpgup;g;ghu;.

• nfhs ;tdT nra ;Ak ;

NghJ Efu;Tf;F cfe;j

czTfisj ; nju pT

nra;thu;.

• tPl;by; Efu;Tf;fhf cz

itg; ghJfhg;ghu;.

18




8

• czT jahupf;Fk; ,lkhfparikayiwiaj; jpl;lkpl;Lg;Ngzp tUjy;

• jpl;lkpl Ntz;ba ,lq;fs;

• czTg ; nghUs ;fisf ;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;

• ePu; tpepNahfk;

• czT jahupj;jy;/ rikj;jy;

• rikayiw cgfuzq;fs;>

rikay ; cgfuzq ;fs ; >

rhjdq;fis ,lg;gLj;Jjy;

• rikj ;j czit Efu ;T

tiuapy; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUj;jy;

• “nrhy; epiug;gLj;jy;; ;; ;” (Word

processing) nkd;nghUisj;Jizahff; nfhz;L> tPl;by;czT fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; ghj;

jpuq;fSf;Fupa ngau;r;Rl;bfs;jahupj;jy;

• ghj;jpuq;fSf;Fg; ngau;r;Rl;b

,ly;• rikayiwiag; NgzptUjy;

• ,lj;ijr; Rj;jkhfg; Ngzy;

• fopTg; nghUs;fis mg;Gwg;

gLj;Jjy;.

• g+r;rpj; njhy;iyiaf; fl;Lg;

gLj;jy;

• tpidj;jpwd;.

4.2 jukhd czT

Efu;Tf;fhf jpl;l

kpl;L> rikayiw

iag; NgzptUthu;.

• jukhd czT jahupg;

gjw;fhfr; rikayiw

iaj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

• nrhy; epiug;gLj;Jk; nkd;

nghUspd; JizAld;

ngau;;;r;Rl;b jahupg;ghu;.

• jukhd czT Efu;Tf;

fhf rikayiwiar;

Rj;jkhfTk; tpidj;jpw

dhfTk; NgZthu;.


gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;GNju;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl


9

• Efu;Tf;fhf gUtfhy czTfisr; Nrfupj;jy;• ifahsg;gl;l gz;ilaKiwfs;

• vspikahd njhopDl;gKiwfs;

• njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fs; - vspikahd mwpKfk;

• jputpaq;fs; (Material)• mupkuk;> nky;ypa cNyhfj;jfLfs;> gpshj;jpf;F

• jputpaq;fspd; ,ay;Gfs;• jhq;Fjpwd;• cUtikj;jy;• kpd;idf;flj;jy;> ntg;gj;ijf;flj;jy;

• ,dq ;fz ;l j p ut paq ;fs ; >cgfuzq;fs;> iff;fUtpfisg;gad ; gLj ; j p > njho pDl ; gf ;fUkq;fis epfo;j;Jjy;• msj;jy;• milahskply;/ Jisj;jy;• gFjpfshf;Fjy;• cUtikj;jy;

• %l;Ljy;/ fl;Ljy;• xUq;FNru;j;jy;

• tpgj;Jf;fSk; ghJfhg;Gk;• cgfuz> iff;fUtpg; guhkupg;Gk;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jYk;

4.3 vspikahd njhopDl;g Kiwfisg;gad;gLj;jp> tPl;by;czTg; ghJfhg;Gf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

6.1 mbg;gilahd iff;fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs;> nghUs;fisg ; ghJfhg ;ghff; ifahz;LnjhopDl;gf; fUkq;fis epfo;j;Jthu;.

0 3 .M0 3 .M0 3 .M0 3 .M0 3 .Muk ; gj ;uk ; gj ;uk ; gj ;uk ; gj ;uk ; gj ;

njhopDl;gnjhopDl;gnjhopDl;gnjhopDl;gnjhopDl;g

tpay;tpay;tpay;tpay;tpay;

6.0 njhopDl;gf; fU

kq;fis epiwT

nra;J nfhs;tjw;

fhf mbg;gilahd

iff;fUtpfisAk;

cgfuzq;fisAk;

nghUs;fisAk;

ghJfhg;ghfTk;

rPuhfTk; gad;gLj;

Jthu;.

• gUtfhy czTfisr;Nrfu pf ;Fk ; gz ;ilaKiwfisf; ifahz;Lghu;g;ghu;.

• vspikahd njhopDl;gcj;jpfisf; ifahz;LgUtfhy czTfisr;Nrfupg;ghu;.

• czT tPz;tpuaj;ij,opthf;Fthu;.

• njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fSf;fhfg ; nghUj ;jkhdmbg;gilahd cgfuzq ;fs ; iff ;fUt pfisj; njupT nra; thu;.

• ntt;NtW jputpaq;fis>fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jthu;.

• mbg;gilahd iff;fUtpfisg ; ghJfhg ;ghfg ;gad;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk;guhku pj ;jy ; Fwpj ;Jf ;ftdQ; nrYj;Jthu;.

18


gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl


10

• gad;juj;jf;f vspikahd Mf;

fq;fs;

• Mf;ff; fUj;ijg; glkhf tiu

jy;

• jputpaq;fisj; njupT nra;jy;

• fljhrp

• NtW

• ntt;NtW epwq;fisg; gad;

gLj;jy;

• Njitf;Nfw;g> milahskply;>

ntl;Ljy;> cUtikj;jy;> xl;L

jy;> G+r;Rg;G+Rjy;

• maw;#oypy; jhk; vjpu;nfhs;Sk;

gpur;rpidfs;

• vspikahd njhopDl;gj; jPu;T

fs; toq;fj;jf;f gpur;rpidfs;

• gpur;rpidfSf;fhd

fhuzq;fs;

• jPu;Tg; gpNuuizfs;

• jPu;Tfshf vspikahd

Mf;fq;fs;

6.2 ,yFthfg; ngwj;

jf ; f j p ut paq ;

fisg; gad;gLj;jp>

gad;juj;jf;f vsp

ikahd Mf;fq;fs;

Gupthu;.

7.1 tPl;by; kw;Wk; ghl

rhiyapy; fhzg;

gLk; ,dq;fhzg;

gl;l vspikahd

gpur;rpidfSf;Fj;

njhopDl;gj; jPu;T

fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• Mf;ff; fUj;ij glk;

%yk; fhl;Lthu;.

• fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;j

khd vspikahd iff;

fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs;

kw;Wk; jputpaq;fisj;

njupT nra;thu;.

• tpisjpwdhd mbg;gil

ahd KbTg;nghUs;fs;

jahupg;ghu;.

• maw;#oypy; fhZk; gpur;

rpidfSs; njhopDl;gj;

jPu;T toq;fj;jf;f gpur;

rpidfis Rl;bf; fhl;L

- thu;.

• gpur ;r pidfSf;F VJ

thFk; gy;NtW fhuzq;

fis EZfp Nehf;Fthu;.

• gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;T

fshf> vspikahd njhop

Dl;g Mf;fq;fis Kd;

itg;ghu;.




7.0 ehshe;jk; vjpu;

Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpid

fSf;fhf> jpl;lkpl;L

njhopDl;gj; jPu;T

fis toq;Fk;

jpwid ntspf;fhl;L

thu;.

11

8.1 ehshe;j tho;f;if

apy; NjitfSf;Fk;

tpUg;gq;fSk; ,il

apyhd NtWghl;il

,dq;fz;L>mtw;iw

epiwT nra;fpd;w

g p uNjr toq ;F

du ;fis EZfp

aha;thu;.

9.1 Nrkpg;G> <l;ly;

Mfpatw;Wf;fhf

gzj;ij ,Lthu;.

• mbg;gilj; NjitfSk; gy;NtW

tpUg;gq;fSk;

• gz;lq;fSk; NritfSk;

• gpuNjr toq;Fdu;fs;

• jdpahl;fs;

• epWtdq;fs;

• mikg;Gf;fs;

• ehshe;jr; Nrkpg;G

• jhk;

• jkJ FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fs;

• <l;lYf;fhd gzj;ij ,Lk;

topfs;

• jhk;

• jkJ FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fs;

• <l;lYf;fhfg; gzj;ij ,ly;

8.0 gz;lq;fs;> Nrit

fisg; ngWk;NghJ

nghUj;jkhdthW

jPu;khdnkLg;ghu;.

9.0 rpwpa tzpf Kaw;rp

fisj; jpl;lkpl;Lg;

NgzptUthu;.

• NjitfisAk; tpUg;gq;

fisAk; xg;gpLthu;.

• NjitfisAk; tpUg;gq;

fisAk; epiwNtw;wpf;

nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njit

ahd gz;lq;fs;> Nrit

fisj; njupT nra;thu;.

• gz;lq;fs;> Nritfis

toq;Fk; toq;Feu; gw;wpg;

gapy;thu;.

• ehshe;jk; Nrkpf;f Kid

thu;.

• <l;lYf;fhfg; gzj;ij

,lj ;jf ; f to ptif

fisj; NjLthu;.

• <l;lYf;fhfg; gzj;ij

,Lthu;.

04 .tzp04.tzp04.tzp04.tzp04.tzpfffff elelelelel

tbf;iffstbf;iffstbf;iffstbf;iffstbf;iffs;18




12

• epiwT nra;j gz;lj;jpdJ

nghUs;fs.

;• nghUs;fSf;Fupa n r y T g ;

gl;bay;

• nghUs;fSf;fhd nrytpd;gb>

cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpj;jy;

• cw;gj;jpr; nryit mwpf;ifg;

gLj;jy;

• cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;

fhfTk; mwpf;ifg;gLj;Jtjw;fh

fTk; fzpdpapd; JizAld;

"""""tpupjhs;";";";";" (Spread sheet) nkd;

nghUisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

• NfhLfs;

• Neu;

• tis

• jsTUtq;fs;

• xOq;fhd

- tl;lq;fSk; tl ;lj ;j pd ; ;

gFjpfSk;

- gy;Nfhzpfs; (3>4>6 Neu;

NfhLfs;)

- Kf;Nfhzpfs;

- nrt;tfq;fs;

- mWNfhzpfs;

9.2gz;lnkhd;Wf;Fupa

nghUs ; nryTf

isg; gl;baw;gLj;jp>

cw;gj;jpr; nryitf;

fzpg;ghu;.

10.1 ntt;NtW tbt

vspikahd cU

tq;fis (cgfu

zq;fspd;wp)

ifahy ; tiu

thu;.

10. Mf;fj;jpd;

nghypit Nkk;gLj;

Jtjw;fhf vspik

ahd Nfhyq;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

• KbTg; nghUspy; mlq;fp

As;s jputpaq;fisAk;

mtw;wpd; msTfisAk;

EZfp Nehf;Fthu;.

• jputpaq;fspd; nryit

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L>

cw ;gj ;j pr ; nryitf;

fzpj;J mwpf;ifg;gLj;J

thu;.

• cw;gj ;j pr ; nryitf;

fzpj;J mwpf;ifg;gLj;J

tjw;fhf tpupjhs;; nkd;

nghUisg; gad;gLj;J

thu;.

• cw;gj;jpr; nryit ,op

tsthf;Fk; Kiwfisg;

gpNuupg;ghu;.

• NfhLfisg; gad;gLj;jp

jsTUtq;fs; mikg;ghu;.

• Kiwikahd> Kiwik

apy;yhj js cUtq;

fisf ; (cgfuzq ;

fspd;wp)

ifahy; tiuthu;.

• Kiwikahd> Kiwik

apy;yhj cUtq;fspd;

Nru;khdk; %yk;> vspik

ahd cUtq; fisf;

fl;b naOg;Gthu;.

05.r pj ;j pu pg ;G05.r pj ;j pu pg ;G05.r pj ;j pu pg ;G05.r pj ;j pu pg ;G05.r pj ;j pu pg ;G


gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl


18

13

• xOq;fw;w

- jhtu ,iyfs;

- kyu; ,jo;fs;

• Kiwikahd> Kiwikaw;w js

cUtr; Nru;khdk;

• nghUj ; jkhd nkd ;nghUnghUj ; jkhd nkd ;nghUnghUj ; jkhd nkd ;nghUnghUj ; jkhd nkd ;nghUnghUj ; jkhd nkd ;nghU

nshd ;iwg ; gad ; gLj ; j p >nshd ;iwg ; gad ; gLj ; j p >nshd ;iwg ; gad ; gLj ; j p >nshd ;iwg ; gad ; gLj ; j p >nshd ;iwg ; gad ; gLj ; j p >

vs pikahd cUtq ;fisvs pikahd cUtq ;fisvs pikahd cUtq ;fisvs pikahd cUtq ;fisvs pikahd cUtq ;fis

tiujy;tiujy;tiujy;tiujy;tiujy;

• vspikahd tbtikg;G Mf;fq; fs;

• jsTUtq;fs;;

• fljhrp Mf;fq;fs;

- ntt;NtW cUf;fs;

- nrJf;F Ntiyfs;

• vspikahd cil Mf;fq;fs;

• tbtikg;Gj; ijay; Kiwfs;

• tu;ze; jPl;Ljy;

• nghUj;jkhd nkd;nghU

nshd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp

vspikahd cUf;fs;

tiuthu;.

• ntt;NtW jsTUtq;

fisr; Nru;j;J vspik

ahd tbtikg;Gf;fs;

Mf;Fthu;.

• Njitf;Fg ; nghUj;j

khdthW vspikahd

Mil Mf;f tbtikg;

Gf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• vspikahd Mil Mf;f

tbtikg;GfSf;F cUf;

fs; kw;Wk; tu;zq;fs;

,Ltjw;fhf ntt;NtW

Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;J

thu;.

10.2 tbtikg;Gf;fis

Mf ;Ftjw ; f hf

js cUtq;fis

Ak; epwq;fisAk;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.


gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;GNju;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl


14

11.1 vspikahd nghU

nshd;wpd; mbg;

gilahd tbtk;

ntspg;gLk; tif

apy;> gUkl;lhd

glk ; tiue ;J

mjidf; nfhz;L

Kg;gupkhz cU

tk; mikg;ghu;.

11.0cUtj; Njhw;wq;

fis tiuAk ;

NghJk; khjpupAUf;

fs ; mikf ;Fk ;

NghJk; mtw;Wf;F

,ilapyhd njhlu;

igg; gad;gLj;J

thu;.

• vspikahd nghUs;fspd;

gUkl ;lhd glq;fis

tiuthu;.

• ntt;NtW tbt> vspik

ahd nghUs;fspd; ,U

gupkhzj; Njhw;wj;ij

tiuthu;.

• vspikahd nghUs;fspd;

Kg;gupkhzj; Njhw;wj;ij

tiutjw;fhf> Gs;spj;

j haf ; fljhr piag ;

g a d ; g L j ; J t h u ; .

• nghUs ;fs pd ; gUkl ; l hd

cUtj; Njhw;wk;

• ntt;NtW ghfq;fspypUe;J

ghu;f;Fk; NghJ Njhd;Wk;

tpjk;

- ,Ugupkhzj; Njhw;wk;

- Kg;gupkhzj; Njhw;wk;

• Kg;gupkhzg; nghUs;fs;

• nghjpapL ngl;bfs;

• kid moFgLj;jYf;Fupa

ghj;jpuq;fs;

• gpd;dzp (Nkil) fSf;fhd js

cUf;fs;


gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;G gug;GNju;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r pNju ;r ;r p Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk;tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; fw;ww; NgWfs; ghlghlghlghlghl


15

5.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;5.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;5.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;5.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;5.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;

(i) ,g;ghlj;Jf;fhfg;; ghlrhiy Neu#rpapy; xU juj;Jf;F thuj;Jf;F 3 ghlNtisfs;

tPjk; 6 - 9 Me; juq;fSf;F Neuk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nraw;ghLfis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L nra;ag;gLk; xU ghlkhifahy;> nraw;ghLfisr; nrt;tNd elj;jj;jf;fthwhf

%d;W ghlNtisfisANkh my;yJ Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,uz;L ghlNtisfisNah

mLj;jLj;jjhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfg; ghlrhiy mjpgu;fs; my;yJ

gpupTj;jiytupd; cjtpiag; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;.

(ii) xt;nthU khztUk; ,g;ghlj;ij 6 Me; juj;jpypUe;J 9 Me; juk; tiuapy; njhlu;r;rpahff;

fw;gu;. ghlk; njhlu;ghf Kjd;ikj;JtNkw;Wr; nraw;glj;jf;f> ,g;ghlj;ijf; fw;gpg;gjpy;

tpUg;Gila Mrpupau;fis ,dq;fz;L> ,g;ghlj;ijf; fw;gpg;gjw;Fupa gzpia mtu;fsplk;

xg;gilg;gNj Kjd;Kjyhfr; nra;a Ntz;bajhFk;. ghlrhiy Mrpupau; Fohj;jpy;

njhopDl;gg; ghlg;gug;Gf;fisr; (tptrhak;> kidg;nghUspay;> njhopDl;gk;> tzpfk;)

Nru;e;j Mrpupau;fis ,g;ghlj;Jf;fhff; fl;lhakhf ,izj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

njhopDl;gg; ghlj;Jf;Fupa Mrpupau;fs; ,y;yhj ghlrhiyfspy; ,g;ghlj;ijf;

fw;gpg;gjw;fhfr; nraw;wpwDila gpwpnjhU Mrpupaiuj; njupT nra;J <LgLj;jyhk;.

(iii) ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; ,ltrjpfs; Fwpj;Jf; ftdkhf mtjhdpj;Jr; nraw;ghLfisj;

jpl;lkpLtjw;Fk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; trjpahf mikAk; tifapy;>

khztu;fSf;Fg;; nghUj;jkhd fw;ww; #oiy (nraw;ghl;liw)fl;bnaOg;g Mtdnra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhfg; ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; ngsjpf tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

NkYk; jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfisg; gad;gLj;jp ed;F jpl;lkpl;Lr; nraw;gLtjd; %yNk>

,t;thwhd fw;ww; #oiy mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. nraw;ghl;liw mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s

ghlrhiyfspy; mt;trjpfisr; nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj; jpwd;fSk;

ghlj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. khwhf NtW

nray;fSf;fhf mjidg; gad;gLj;jyhfhJ.

(iv) ghlj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ> jw;NghJ ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; cgfuzq;fs;>

fUtpfis ,g;ghlj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. Nkyjpfkhf cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfs;

Njitahf ,Ug;gpd;> jutpUj;jp cs;sPl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfisf;

nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; jpl;lnkhd;wpid eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhdJ.

(v) 6 Me; juj;jpy; vy;yhj; njhopDl;gg; gug;GfisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy;>

xU jtizAs; khztu;fs; <LglNtz;ba nraw;ghLfspd; vz;zpf;if 5 MFk;.

vdNt> Xu; Mz;by; G+u;j;jp nra;a Ntz;ba nraw;ghLfspd; vz;zpf;if 15 MFk;.

fzpdp trjp cs;s ghlrhiyfspy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gk; njhlu;ghd

mbg;gilahd jpwd;fis Ie;J njhopDl;gg; gug;GfspD}lhfTk; khztu; ngwyhk;.

,q;F fzpdp xU fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL Ie;J gug;Gf;fSk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLk;

tifapy; Fwpj;j nraw;ghLfspy; mtw;iw xd;wpizj;Jf; nfhs;sj;jf;fthW

jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,g;ghlj;ijf; fw;gpg;gjpy; <Lgl;Ls;s Mrpupau;fs;>

jug;gl;Ls;s khjpupr; nraw;ghLfspy; khj;jpuk; jq;fpapUg;gJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy.

khwhf> jpwikkpf;f / Mf;fj;jpwd;kpf;f Mrpupau;fSf;F Nkw;gb Nju;r;rpfis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jhNk jahupj;j nraw;ghLfis ,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;

G+uz Rje;jpuk; cs;sJ. jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gk; vd;gJ nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fSk;

njhopDl;gj; jpwd;fSk; ghlj;jpd; fPo; ,lk;ngWk; kw;WnkhU njhopDl;gg;gug;G my;y

vd;gijAk; nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj; jpwd;fSk; ghlj;Jf;fhf

xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghlNtisfis (Neuj;ij) jfty; - njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gk;

fw;gpj;jYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jyhfhJ vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.

16

(vi) 6 Me;juj;jpy; Mz;Lf;fhfj; njupTnra;J nfhs;sNtz;ba nraw;ghLfis ,dq;fz;L>

mJ njhlu;ghd xU jpl;lj;ij Mz;Lj;njhlf;fj;jpy; jahupj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; nghWg;G

ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupau;fisr; rhUk;. xt;Nthu; MrpupaUk; Ie;J gug;Gf;fSk; cs;slq;FkhW

fw;gpg;gJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. NkYk; njupTnra;Jnfhz;l nraw;ghLfSf;F

mikthfg; nghUl;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;jpg; ghlrhiyapd; Fwpj;j gpupTfSf;Fk;

mjpgUf;Fk; mwpT+l;lk; nra;J> jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;

nghUl;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J> mtw;iw Neufhyj;Jld; Maj;jg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;. gps;isfspd; Njitfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> ghlj;ij nefpo;r;rpahff;

ifahs;tjw;fhf Mrpupau;fspd; Mf;fG+u;tkhd gq;fspg;G mtrpakhf miktNjhL>

ed;F jpl;lkpl;L xOq;fikj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf Mrpupau;fs; Xu; FOthfj;jpuz;L

nraw;gLtJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jw;fhfr; ‘nrad;Kiwj;jpwd;fSk;

njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fSk;’ ghl nghWg;ghrpupau;fs; xU FOit mikj;Jf;nfhs;tNjhL>

nghUj;jkhd xUtu; mjd; jiyikj;Jtj;ij tfpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Mz;bd;

nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkpl;L Kd;ndLf;Fk; nghWg;G mf;FOitr; rhUk;. ghlf;FOtpd;

rfy Mrpupau;fSk; $l;lhfj; jtizf;Fupa Ntiyfslq;fpa jpl;lj;ijf; fye;Jiuahb

,zf;fg;ghL fhZjy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

(vii) nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj; jpwd;fSk; ghlj;Jld; njhlu;Gila tifapy;

Neu#rpf;F mg;ghw;gl;l tifapy; nraw;glj;jf;f gy;NtW ghlg;gug;Gf;fisg;

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp> nray;uPjpahd khztu; fofq;fs;> tpNrl nraw;wpl;lq;fs;

Nghd;wtw;iwg; ghlrhiy Ntiyj;jpl;lg; gug;Gf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpr;

nray;uPjpahd ghlrhiy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fshf xOq;F nra;ayhk;. khztuJ cs;shu;e;j

Mw;wy;fs;> mtu;fsJ gy;NtW Mu;tq;fspd;gb Gj;jhf;fk; gilg;Nghupd; rpWtu;

fofq;fisg; ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; mikj;Jg; nghJkf;fspd; / r%fj;jpd; cjtp

xj;jhirfisg; ngwj;jf;f topfisf; fz;lwpe;J> ghlrhiyf;Fr; rpwg;ghd xU

gpujpikia (Image) cUthf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.

(viii) ngsjpf> kdpj> njhopDl;g mwpTrhu;e;j tsg; gw;whf;Fiw fhzg;gLk; ghlrhiyfspy;

gzpahw;Wk; Mrpupau;fSk; gad;ngwj;jf;fthwhfg; gpuNjr r%fj;jpdupd; cjtp

xj;jhiriag; ngwj;jf;f topfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ kpf Kf;fpakhdJ.

gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; njhopDl;g epiyaq;fs;> tzpf epiyaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg;

ghu;itapl tifnra;jy;> me;epWtdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; njhopDl;g mwpitg;

ghlrhiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fupa Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mjpgupd; JizAld;

jpl;lkpLjy; Nghd;witAk; nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj; jpwd;fSk; ghlf;

FOtpd; Kf;fpakhd xU gzpahFk;.

17

2.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;2.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;2.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;2.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;2.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

2.1. mwpKfk;2.1. mwpKfk;2.1. mwpKfk;2.1. mwpKfk;2.1. mwpKfk;

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; KiwapayhdJ Nju;r;rpfis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;L

xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fw;gtu; ngWk; fw;ww; NgWfis Kjd;ikahff;nfhz;Nl Nju;r;rp

ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;. vdNt Nju;r;rpnahd;wpd; %yk; fw;wy; epfOk;NghJ vg;NghJk; mJ

mse;jwpaj;jf;f rpwpa gFjpfs; kw;Wk; cggFjpfs; vDk; epiyia mile;jpUj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. ahNjDnkhU nraiyr; rupahfTk; tpidj;jpwDilajhfTk; epiwNtw;w KbAkh

vd mse;jwpjNy ,jd; xl;Lnkhj;jkhFk; vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwapy; gpujhdkhff; fhzj;jf;f rpy mk;rq;fs; cs;sd.

mit tUkhW.

1. Kd;dhaj;jk;

2. mZFKiw

3. eilKiwg;gLj;jy;

4. Kd;itj;jy;

5. fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;

1. nraw;ghl;Lf;Fupa Kd;dhaj;jk;1. nraw;ghl;Lf;Fupa Kd;dhaj;jk;1. nraw;ghl;Lf;Fupa Kd;dhaj;jk;1. nraw;ghl;Lf;Fupa Kd;dhaj;jk;1. nraw;ghl;Lf;Fupa Kd;dhaj;jk;

,k;Kd;dhaj;jk; ,uz;L mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. mtw;Ws; KjyhtJk;

Kf;fpakhdJkhd mk;rk; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpj;j Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;>

tpla cs;slf;fk;> fw;ww; NgWfs; Mfpatw;iw Mrpupau; kpf ed;whf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjhFk;.

,jw;fhf mjidf; ftdkhff; fw;wha;tJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;Fupa

mwpTWj;jy;fSld; njhlu;Gila khjpupia (Model) ,dq;fhz;gJ njhlf;fk; mJ rhu;e;j

xt;nthU nraiyAk; xt;Nthu; mk;rj;ijAk; gw;wpf; ftdQ; nrYj;JtJk;> mtw;Wf;fhf

Maj;jk; nra;Jnfhs;sYk; Kf;fpakhditahFk; vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

,uz;lhtJ mk;rk;> nraiy ed;F fw;wha;e;j gpd;du;> mjd; xl;Lnkhj;jr; nrad;Kiw

gw;wpa kdg;glnkhd;wpid kdj;jpy; cUtfpj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;. nraw;ghl;il

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs;> nghUs;fs;> #oy;> ,lk;

Nghd;wtw;iw Neufhyj;Jld; Maj;jQ;nra;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. jkf;Fk; khztUf;Fk;

NjlYf ;Fu pa trj pfis toq ;Ftjw ;Fj ; Njitahd jfty ;fs ; > kw ;Wk ;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;batw;iwr; rupahf ,dq;fz;L> mtw;iw Maj;jQ; nra;Jnfhs;tjw;Fj;

Njitahd njhopDl;gj;jfty;fs; kw;Wk; mwpT gw;wpf; ftdQ; nrYj;jp mtw;iwAk;

Nrfupj;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. eilKiwg;gLj;j Kd;du; rfy eltbf;iffisAk; jpl;lkpl;L

xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;tJk;> Mrpupau; Nghjpa Maj;jj;JlDk; ek;gpf;ifAlDk; ,Ug;gJk;

MrpupauJ nghWg;gpd; Kf;fpakhd xU gz;ghff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. mZFKiw 2. mZFKiw 2. mZFKiw 2. mZFKiw 2. mZFKiw / gpuNtrk; gpuNtrk; gpuNtrk; gpuNtrk; gpuNtrk;

khztuJ nraY}f;fKs;s gq;Fgw;Wiff;F ntw;wpfukhd kw;Wk; rpwe;j gpuNtrk;

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. cj;Njr nraYf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW> ahNjDk; gFjpia my;yJ

cUg;gbiaj;jpl;lkpl;L> Kd;itg;gjd;%yk; khztu;fis kyu;r;rpAld; <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;s

KbtNjhL mtu;fis Cf;fTk; topgpwf;Fk;. mjD}lhf mtu;fsJ Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;b

nraypd;ghy; Kidg;ghd ftdj;ij <u;g;gJ ,yFthFk;. ntt;NtW mZFKiwfs; rhu;e;j

cj;Njr Kiwfs; - cj;jpfis ed;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJk; NjitfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW

NtW nghUj;jkhd gFjpfisAk; GJf;fUj;Jf;fshy; nrOikA+l;lg;gl;l gpNuuizfisAk;

mjDld; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. ,J njhlu;ghf cj;Njr topfhl;ly;fspd;ghy; ftdQ;

nrYj;JtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

18

3. eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;3. eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;3. eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;3. eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;3. eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;

nghUj;jkhd Xu; mZFKiw (gpuNtrk;) %yk; (ghlj;ijj; njhlq;Ftjd; %yk;

khztupd; Mu;tj;ijAk; kyu;r;rpiaAk; rpwg;ghd kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJk; ,yFthdjhFk;.

mjd;tpisthfr; nraw;ghl;il eilKiwg;gLjJtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd #oy;

fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;. cj;Njr nraw;ghl;bd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g mjidr; rpy gbKiwfshfg;

gpupj;Jf;nfhs;tJ nghUj;jkhdJ. mg;gbKiwfis xd;Wlndhd;W xg;gpLk;NghJ xUgb

KiwahtJ kw;nwhU gbKiwf;Fr; rkkhdjy;y. (cjhuzkhf> vspikapypUe;J rpf;fyhdJ

tiuapy; NtWgLj;jy;> gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fs;. kw;Wk; nghUs;fs; NtWgl;litahf

,Uj;jy;). tFg;G khztiur; rpW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jr; nraw;ghl;il mtu;fsplk;

xg;gilg;gJk;> mJ njhlu;ghd rfy topfhl;ly;fs;> Njitahd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fis toq;FtJk; Mrpupaupd; nghWg;Gf;fSs; mlq;Fk;. NkYk; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

Mrpupau; jiyapl;Lr; nraw;gLjYk;> nra;Jfhl;ly;fis elj;JtJk; Kf;fpa fUkq;fshFk;.

jkJ nraiyf; FOepiyapy; nra;Ak;NghJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; xOq;FKiwf;F

mg;ghw;gl;l gpNuuizfSf;fhd Nfhupf;iffSk; Kd;itf;fg;gl ,lKz;L. mt;thwhd

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; khztuJ gpNuuizfisAk; Gjpa Mf;fq;fisAk; ntspf;nfhzu;tjw;fhfg;

nghUj;jkhdthW re;ju;g;gkspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;ghfr; nraw;gLk;NghJ Mrpupau;

eLepiyahfTk; mikjpahfTk; ,k;khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;Jf; ftdQ; nrYj;jp mtjhdpj;jYk;

Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Fwpj;j nray;fisf; fzpg;gPL nra;a Maj;jkhf ,Uj;jYk;

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

nraw;ghl;ilj; njhlq;fpa re;ju;g;gj;jpypUe;J KbtilAk; tiuapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; fsg;gjpNtl;by; Fwpg;gpl;nlOJkhW khztu;fSf;F Mu;t%l;lTk; mJ

njhlu;ghf mtu;fis Cf;Ftpf;fTk; Mrpupau; Kd;tUjy; Ntz;Lk;. khztuJ Kd;itg;gpy;

cs;slq;fNtz;ba tplaq;fSk; fhuzpfSk; vitnadTk; me;je;jf; FO rhu;ghf Mrpupau;

topfhl;bapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s tplaq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlu;ghfTk; mtw;wpd;ghy;

khztu;fs; ftdQ; nrYj;Jtjd; mtrpak; gw;wpAk; mwpT+l;lk; nra;tJ kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

4. Kd;itj;jy;.4. Kd;itj;jy;.4. Kd;itj;jy;.4. Kd;itj;jy;.4. Kd;itj;jy;.

nraw;ghL Kbtile;j gpd;du; jhk; my;yJ jkJ FO Mw;wpa fUkk;> mJ

njhlu;ghd mwpKfk;> ntt;NtW gbKiwfis Ntwhf;fpa tpjk;> gad;gLj;jpa

cgfuzq;fSk; nghUs;fSk;> vjpu;Nehf;fpa rthy;fs;> mtw;iw ntw;wp nfhz;l tpjk;

Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpa Xu; mwpf;ifia Kd;itf;f Ntz;Lk;. khztu;fsJ Kd;itg;gpy;

,lk;ngw Ntz;ba tplaq;fs;> fhuzpfs; vitnad me;je;jf; FOTf;F mikthf Mrpupau;

topfhl;bapy; jug;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs; Fwpj;J khztu;fsJ ftdj;ij <u;j;jYk; ,jd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J mk;khztUf;F mwpT+l;lk; nra;tJk; mtrpankd;gijf; ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

5. fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;5. fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;5. fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;5. fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;5. fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;

eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; Ntisapy; khztupilNa rQ;rupj;J> mtu;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fj;

Njitahd gpd;D}l;lYk; Kd;KfT+l;lYk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

19

2.2 jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;

2.2.1 Efu;Tg; nghUl;fs; (me;je;jr; nraw;ghl;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

2.2.2 cgfuzq;fSk; fUtpfSk;

tptrhak;tptrhak;tptrhak;tptrhak;tptrhak;

cUg;gbfs; cUg;gbfs; cUg;gbfs; cUg;gbfs; cUg;gbfs; msTmsTmsTmsTmsT

01 mythq;F 1 kPw;wu; (Crow bar - 1 Metre) 01

02 tPl;Lj;Njhl;l ePu; tprpWk; Foha; - ,wg;gu; Foha; 2cm 25m

(Garden hose - Rubber Tubing 2cm)

03 tPl;Lj;Njhl;lf; Nfhyp (Garden Shovel) / jfl;L thup 02

04 Fg;ig thup (Garden rake) 02

05 if Ks;S (Hand fork) 04

06 iff;fhyp (Hand Shovel) iff;fuz;b / ifr;rts; 04

07 fj;jp (fpis nfha;Ak; / ePz;l ifg;gpbAs;s) (Knife with long handle) 02

08 nrfbau; (jz;L nfha;Ak;) (Secureteur) 01

09 jhr;rp (Shallow metal bowl) 02

10 xw;iwr; rpy;Y tz;b (,wg;gu; rf;fuKilaJ) Wheel barrow (With rubber wheels) 01

11 kz;ntl;b (20cm x 20cm) 03

12 Ks; kz;ntl;b Mammoty Fork) 02

13 msT; ehlh (30 kPw;wu;) (Measuring tape) (30m) 01

14 thsp (fy;tidRg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ 8-10 yPw;wu;) 01

15 gpshj;jpf;F thsp (30-40 yPw;wu;) (Bucket plastic - 30-40 Litre) 02

16 ifr; rptpwp (gpshj;jpf;F 1-11/2 yPw;wu;) (Hand sprayer - plastic -1-11/2Litre) 01

17 gpshj;jpf;F rhb 06

18 tpw;fj;jp 8cm - 10cm (Pen knife 8cm - 10cm) 03

19 Kl;fk;gpr; RUs; (25kg) - (Barbed wire roll - 25 kg each) 04

20 fhtw; ghjzp (Pair of gum boots) 01

21 ifAiw (,wg;gu;) Nrhb - (Pair of rubber gloves) 02

22 kiwg;G tiy (gpshj;jpf;F) 50-60% #upa xsp jUk; (Shade Net) 25m

czT czT czT czT czT

23 cuha; fUtp - gy;NtW tif myFfisf; nfhz;l (Grater-with slides) 03

24 gpshj;jpf;F thsp - yPw;wu; fyd; (Bucket - plastic 10- 12) 02

25 ghz; ntl;Lk; fj;jp (Bread knife) 02

26 ntg;gkhdp - 00F - 3000F (Thermometer - 00F - 3000F) 03

27 rkayiwf; fj;jp 20cm (Kitchen knife - 20cm) 03

28 Nkirf; fuz;b (Table spoon) 06

29 Kl;fuz;b (Fork) 03

30 Njf;fuz;b (Tea spoon) 04

31 Kl;il mbfUtp (Egg Beater) 02

32 gpshj;jpf; fpz;zk; - 15cm (Plastic bowl - 15cm, 20cm) 04

20

33 NjePu;f; Nfhg;igAk; jl;Lk; - tidnghUs; (Cups and saucers - Ceramic) 06

34 czTj; jl;L ngupaJ - tidnghUs; (Full plate - Ceramic) 06

35 ntz;nza;f; fj;jp (Butter Knife) 02

36 rkayiwj; juhR -5kg (Kitchen weighing scale - 5kg) 01

37 NrhRg;ghd; (%bAld;) 18-25cm (Set of sauce pans) 03

38 nghupf;Fk; NrhRg;ghd; 15cm (sauce pans) 15 piece 01

39 JUtyF (ifapdhy; Row;Wk;) (Coconut scraper) 01

40 cuYk; cyf;ifAk; 01

41 fdyLg;G (Baking Oven) 01

42 miug;ghDld; $ba fyj;jy; ,ae;jpuk; (Blender & Grinder) 01

43 mfg;ig 03

44 gpshj;jpf;fpyhd tb (12-15cm) (Plastic Strainers) 03

45 NjePu; tb (gpshj;jpf;F) (Tea Strainers) 02

46 msTr; rhb (gpshj;jpf;F) 02

47 FspNuw;wp (xw;iwf;fjT/ eLj;ju) Refrigerator 01

njhlf;fj; njhopDl;gtpay; njhlf;fj; njhopDl;gtpay; njhlf;fj; njhopDl;gtpay; njhlf;fj; njhopDl;gtpay; njhlf;fj; njhopDl;gtpay;

48 Nkir ,Lf;fp -10cm (RiuAk; jpUfhzpAKs;s) 03

(Bench vice - 10cm with nuts & bolts)

39 G - ,Lf;fp -10cm (G - clamp - 10cm) 03

50 ifths;; 45cm (Hand saw - 45cm) 04

51 ftu;r; Rj;jpay; 500g (Claw Hammer - 500g) 04

52 ifr;rptpwp - 1 yPw;wu; (Hand sprayer - 1 Litre) 01

53 rhizg; nghwp / ifahy; Row;Wk; Nkir tif - 01

(Grinder Bench type hand operated)

54 vz;nza;f;fy; (fhnghuz;lk;> nkd;/ful;L gf;fq;fSs;s)(Sharpening stone) 01

55 ifj;jku; ($u; Crp) 10cm (Bradawl - 10cm) 01

56 cUf;F msT ehlh 3m (Steel Tape) 03

57 jpUfhzp KLf;fp (15cm (Screw driver - 15cm) 03

58 jpUfhzp KLf;fp (30cm (Screw driver - 30cm) 03

59 fj;jupf;Nfhy; - 20cm (Scissors - 20cm) 03

60 fj;jupf;Nfhy; $u;Kid cila (7cm) 02

61 jpUfhzp KLf;fp g+tbtj;jiy 15cm (Philip head Screw driver 15cm) 03

62 nghb ntl;b - 20cm (Tinmans snips - 20cm) (jfLntl;Lk;fj;jup) 03

63 ePu; kl;lk; - 36cm (Sprit level - 36cm) 02

64 ifj; Jwg;gzk; - myFfSld; - eLj;ju msT (Hand drill - with bits - medium) 02

65 ifj; Jis fUtp 02

66 Fz;Lj; jiyr; Rj;jpay; 250g (Ball pane hammer - 250g) 02

67 nrJf;F ths; (ifahy; ,af;Fk;) (Fret saw - Hand Operated) 03

68 tpy; ths;; (,uz;L rl;lq;fisf; nfhz;l) (Hack saw frame with 2 blades) 03

69 Fz;L E}y; / J}f;Ff;Fz;L - khztu;fspd; gad;ghl;bw;F

- eLj ;ju gUkDilaJ (Plumb - medium size for students) 03

21

70 rhe;jfg;ig / Nkrd;fuz;b (eLj;ju mstpyhdJ) (Mason trowel - medium) 03

71 nghJf ;FwL (Combination pliers - Universal) 03

72 ntl ;Ls p - 2cm (Cold chisels - 2cm) 03

73 FwL ($u ;Kid - 15cm) (Pliers - Pointed end - 15cm) 03

74 kpd ; gw ;whRf ; Nfhy; (40 W) (Soldering Iron - 40 W) 03

75 %iy kl ;lk ; (Bevel Edge metal) 15cm 03

76 muk ; (jl ;il 25-30cm) (File flat 25-30cm ) 02

77 muk ; (Kf ;Nfhz)10cm- 15cm (file- triangular-10-15cm) 02

78 Ks;suk; (Rasp)-25cm 02

79 cUf;F msTNfhy; ; -30cm (Steel Ruler-30cm) 03

80 rPTsp (ifapdhy; ,af;Fk;) kuj;jpdhyhd eLj;ju 45cm 03

(Plane-Hand operated wooden - medium 45cm )

81 Gupahzpr;rhtpj; njhFjp -,Ugf;f (6mm-25mm) (Set of wrenches-double)02

82 rPuhf;Fk; jpUfhzpr;rhtp - 37mm (Adjustable wrench - 37mm) 03

8 3 gy;khdp (khztu;fSf;fhf) (Multi Meter) 03

84 fk ;g pntl ;b (Wire cutter) 02

85 nghg; jiw fUtp (ifapdhy; ,af;Fk; 20cm - 25cm) 01

(Pop rivet machine - hand opertated -20cm-25cm

86 jfuj; njhopyhsu; Rj;jpay; (Hammer Tinker) 02

87 tiua+rp -15cm (Seriber -15cm) 02

88 fOe;J ntl;Lk; ths; (nghJ); (Tenon saw(General) 03

89 ijay; ,ae;;jpuk; (kpjpf;Fk; tif-nghJ)(Sewing Machine) 01

90 fpz;z Gupahzpr;rhtpj; njhFjp (Ring Spanner) 02

91 cNyhfkupAk; ths; (Hack Saw) 03

92 Bread Board (Electronic Project Board) 03

tzpf eltbf;iffs;tzpf eltbf;iffs;tzpf eltbf;iffs;tzpf eltbf;iffs;tzpf eltbf;iffs;

93 fzpg ;ghd ; (,yj ;j pudpay ; ) (Electronic Calculator) 03

94 fljhrp JisapLk; fUtp (Paper puncher) 01

95 fljhrp gpiz fUtp (Stapling Machine) 01

96 tisaf; Nfhitfs; (g pshj ;j pf ;F) (Ring - file Plastic) 03

97 fljhrp ntl;Lk; fj;jp 12cm - 15cm (Paper cutter blade - 12cm - 15cm) 02

98 cUf;F mYkhup 2m x 1m x 4m (Steel cuppoard 2m x 1m x 1/2m) 01

rpj ;jpu pg ;Grpj ;jpu pg ;Grpj ;jpu pg ;Grpj ;jpu pg ;Grpj ;jpu pg ;G

99 Nfj;jpu fzpj cgfuzj; njhFjp (Drawing instruments set) 03

*100 gy;Y}lf trjpfs; nfhz;l fzpdp (Computer with multimedia) 01

*101 UPS nghwp (UPS) 01

*102 fzpdp mr;Rg; nghwp (Computer Printer) 01

*103 fj;jupf;Nfhy; 03

* ,it ,d;wpaikah cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfshff; fUjg;gltpy;iy. ,tw;Wf;Fj; Njitahd

epjp trjp> cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; Nghd;wit NghjpasT fpilj;Js;sjhapd; mtw;iwg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ gaDilajhFk;.

22

njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tptrhak;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tptrhak;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tptrhak;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tptrhak;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tptrhak;

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 1'0 ( ,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg;g;g;g;g; gapu; epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu; epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu; epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu; epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu; epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 1'1 ( ghlrhiyj; Njhl;lj;jpy; ghj;jpfs; mikj;J ,yFthf elj;jf;f

gapu;fisr; nra;if gz;Zthu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis ( 04

fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • gpuNjrj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd gapu;fisf;nfhz;L gapu;r;nra;ifg;

ghj;jpnahd;W mikg;ghu;.

• eLtjw;fhfg; eLifg; nghUs;fis rupahfj; jahu;g;gLj;Jthu;.

• gapu;fisr; rupahf ehl;bg; guhkupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj;jpl;lkpLtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; :ghlj;ijj;jpl;lkpLtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; :ghlj;ijj;jpl;lkpLtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; :ghlj;ijj;jpl;lkpLtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; :ghlj;ijj;jpl;lkpLtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'rl;lj;Jldhd cau; ghj;jp mikg;Nghk;. gapu; ehl;b tsu;g;Nghk;."

gapnuhd;wpid> tpidjpwDila tifapYk; rupahfTk; guhkupf;Fk; nrsfupaj;ij Kjd;ikahff;

nfhz;L rpwpaNjhu; ,lj;jpy; epykl;lj;jpypUe;J cau;j;jp mikf;fg;gl;l rl;lfnkhd;wpidf;

nfhz;l ghj;jpfspy; gapu;nra;Ak; El;g Kiw ,q;F mwpKfQ; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. xU gapiu

my;yJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gapu;fis xNu ghj;jpapy; jpl;lkpl;Lg; gapupl;Lg; guhkupj;jy; ,e;El;g

Kiwapy; kw;WnkhU rpwg;gpay;ghFk;. ,t;thwhfr; Nrjdg; gjhu;j;jq;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l #oy; Neakhd cs;sPLfisg; gad;gLj;jpj; jahupj;j tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy;

nra;ifgz;zg;gl;l gapu; cw;gj;jpfis Efu;jyhdJ MNuhf;fpa tho;f;if tho;tjw;Fk;

csj;jpUg;jp ngWtjw;Fk; ngupJk; Jizahfj;jf;f mu;j;jG~;bahd xU nrayhFk;. ,jD}lhf

ntt;NtW tplaq;fisf; ifahz;L ghu;j;jy;> GJg;GJ mk;rq;fisr; Nru;j;jy;> Gj;jhf;fk;

Gupjy; Nghd;wtw;wpd;ghy; khztupd; Kidg;ig mjpfupf;fTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

• tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy; cs;s ,ltrjpNahL> Neuk;> mwpT > njhopDl;gk; cl;gl tsq;fis

tpidj;jpwDilathW gad;gLj;jpg; gapu; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s tpjj;ij ,yFthf

tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sr; nra;tjw;fhf tPl;Lj;Njhl;lnkhd;wpidNah> fl;Gy nrtpg;Gy Clf

Kd;itg;nghd;iwNah gad;gLj;jpg; nghUj;jkhdthW ghlj;ij mZFq;fs;.

• jpl;lkpl;Lj; jahupj;j rpy ,yf;F tpdhf;fis tpdtp khztupd; ftdj;ij

mtw;wpd;ghy; <u;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• gapu;fis eLif nra;Ak;NghJ ftdQ;nrYj;j Ntz;ba #ow;fhuzpfs; ahit?

• ntt;NtW tifahd ghj;jpfisg; ghu;j;Js;sPu;fsh?

• xNu ghj;jpapy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gapu;fis tsu;f;f KbAkh?

• tFg;G khztiur; rpy FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisj; Njbawpa

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• gad;ghl;Lf;F mikag; gapu;tiffisf; $l;lkhf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• 'Neag; gapu;fs;" vdf; fUjg;gLk; gapu;fs;> gapu;fSf;F ed;ikgaf;Fk; gpuhzpfis

,dq;fhz cjTq;fs;. mg;gpuhzpfisg; gapu;fspd;ghy; <u;j;Jitj;jpUg;gJ njhlu;ghd

ghuk;gupakhd fUkq;fs;.

11111 • ghlrhiy tstpy; gapu;;r;nra;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJk; ed;F #upa xsp fpilf;ff;$ba

kw;Wk; ePu; trjp ngwj;jf;f Nghjpa ,ltrjp cs;s Xu; ,lj;ijj; njupT nra;J

gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspd;ghy; ftdQ;nrYj;jpg; ghj;jpiaj; jpl;lkpLkhW khztu;

FOf;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

23

Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nray;uPjpapy; cjtp GuptNjhL nra;Jfhl;ly;fisAk;

Kd;itAq;fs;.

• tiuaiwg;gl;l ,ltrjp cs;sNghJ$lg; gapu;fisr; nra;if gz;zy;

• xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gapu;fis xNu ghj;jpapy; gapuplj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;.

• epykl;lj;jpw;F Nkyhf cau;thf mikf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpapy; gapu;nra;tjd; gad;fs;.

• ghlrhiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;Lj;Njhl;l cgfuzq;fSk; mtw;iwg; nghUj;jkhd

fUkq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jYk;.

• Nrjdg;gris %yk; kz;iz tsg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sy;.

22222 • gpuNjrj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd gapu;fisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfj; Njly;

elj;Jjy;.

• gpd;tUk; fUkq;fspy; khztiu <LgLj;jp epykl;lj;Jf;F Nky; cau;j;jpj;

jahupf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpapy; gapu;r;nra;ifiaj; njhlq;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ghj;jpia mikg;gjw;fhfg; ghj;jpapd; ePs - mfyq;fisj; jPu;khdpj;J epyj;jpy;

milahskpl;Lf; nfhs;sYk; mg;gFjpapy; kz;izg; nfhj;jpg;Gul;bj; J}u;itahf;fYk;.

• ,izg;G 1.1.1 ,d;gb> jpl;lj;Jf;F mikthfg; ghj;jpiar; Rw;wptur; rl;lfk; mikj;jy;.

• ,t;thwhf tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy; ,ltrjp cs;s rpy ,lq;fspy; rpy ghj;jpfs;

mikf;FkhW khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;.

• ghj;jpr;rl;lfj;jpDs; Nrjdg; nghUs;fSk; Nky;kz;Zk; ,l;L epug;Gjy;.

• eLtjw;fhfj; jkJ gpuNjrj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jukhd eLifg;nghUs;fisAk;

njupTnra;jy;. mjw;fhf>

• ghj;jpapy; Neubahf tpj;Jf;fis elj;jf;f gapu;fs;

• ehw;WNkilapy; tpj;Jf;fis Kisf;fr; nra;J ehw;Wf;fs; ngw;W elj;jf;f gapu;fs;

• eLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; jz;Lj;Jz;lq;fs;> fpoq;Fj;Jz;Lfs; Nghd;w

gjpag;gFjpfisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;sy;.

Nghd;w tplaq;fspd;ghy; ftdQ; nrYj;j topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Kw;gupfupg;Gr; nra;J nghUj;jkhd ,ilntspapYk;

nghUj;jkhd Moj;jpYk; eLkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• khztuJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; gpNuuizfisAk; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L nraw;ghl;by; <Lglr;

re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

33333 • gapu;fis ehl;ba gpd;du;> mg;gapu;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk; guhkupg;gjw;Fkhfg;

gpd;tUk; nray;fisr; nra;AkhW khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;.

• epoy; toq;Fjy;

• ePu; gha;r;Rjy;

• kz;zPiuf; fhg;gjw;fhd toptiffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;

• capu;tif kw;Wk; capupy;tif %Lgil ,ly;

• Nrjdg; gris gad;gLj;jy;

• fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cj;jpfisf; ifahsy;.

• Neha;fs; kw;Wk; gPilfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfr; #oy; Nea Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• khztu;FOf;fs; jhk; nra;j nray;fis> mit njhlu;ghd njhopDl;g tplaq;fs;>

jfty;fis Kd;itf;fr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; (

• nghUs;fs; :

• tpj;Jf;fs;> ehw;Wf;fs;> jz;Lj;Jz;lq;fs;> fpoq;Fj; Jz;lq;fs; Nghd;w

gjpag;gFjpfs;

• cf;fpa ,iyg;gris> $l;nlU

• Mzpfs;> Kisfs;> jhq;fp> fapW>

• gyif / fopTg; gyif / gioa XL (ghj;jpapd; rl;lfj;ij mikg;gjw;F)

• fhl;Nghl;> nra;jpj;jhs;> fopj;njhJf;fpa fhw;Wilg;gk;> (fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf)

24

• tPl;Lj;Njhl;l cgfuzq;fs; :

kz;ntl;b> mythq;F> Ks;S kz;ntl;b> Fg;igthup> ifKs;S> G+thsp>

rpy;Ytz;b> msf;Fk; ehlh> if kz; ms;sp

fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk; (

• gapur;nra;ifapd;NghJ ftdQ;nrYj;j Ntz;ba #ow;fhuzpfs;

• gapu;r;nra;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW ghj;jpapd; Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oiyj; jahu;gLj;jy;.

• xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gapu;fis xd;whfg; gapuplj;jf;fthwhf rl;lfnkhd;iwf;nfhz;l

cau;ghj;jpia mikj;jy;.

• nghJthd guhkupg;G eltbf;iffSf;F Nkyjpfkhfr; rpy gapu;fs; njhlu;ghd rpwg;ghd

nray;fisAk; topKiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

• gapu;r;nra;if njhlu;ghd nra;Kiwapd;NghJ Njhd;wpa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhzy;.

Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :

• rl;lfk;nfhz;lcau;ghj;jp • R+oy;Neacs;sPLfs;

• eLifg;nghUl;fs; • tPl;Lj;Njhl;l cgfuzq;fs;

• Kd;gupfupg;G • Nrjdg;gris

• capUs;s> capuw;w %Lgilfs;

rl;lj;Jldhd cau; ghj;jprl;lj;Jldhd cau; ghj;jprl;lj;Jldhd cau; ghj;jprl;lj;Jldhd cau; ghj;jprl;lj;Jldhd cau; ghj;jp

,q;F

25

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 1'0 ( ,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp,Uf;Fk; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg;g;g;g;g; gapu;epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu;epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu;epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu;epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;. gapu;epyj;ij tpUj;jpnra;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 1'2 ( tFg;giwr; Rw;Wg;Gwj;ij myq;fhu ,iyj; jhtuq;fshYk;

G+f;fs;ngWtjw;fhf tsu;f;fg;gLk; jhtuq;fshYk; moFgLj;Jthu;


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • myq;fhu ,iyj; jhtuq;fisAk;> G+f;fisg;ngWtjw;fhf

tsu;f;Fk; jhtuq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; Njhw;wg;ghq;Ffspd;gb

njupTnra;thu;.

• rhbapy; tsu;f;fg;gl;l jhtuq;fisr; rupahf guhkupj;J tUthu;;.

• mofpa Njhw;wk; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; Rw;Wg;Gwj;ij jhtuq;fisf;

nfhz;L moFgLj;Jthu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : myq;fhuj; jhtuq;fisf; nfhz;L #oiy moFgLj;JNthk;.

ehk; thOk; #oypy; mofpa gy;NtW jhtuq;fisf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. mtw;wpdJ ,iyfspd;

epwk;> tbtk;> G+f;fspd; jd;ik> tsu;r;rpg;ghq;F Nghd;wit xd;Wf;nfhd;W ngupJk;

NtWgl;litahFk;. ,g;gy;tifik vkf;Ff; fspg;G+l;lty;yJ. mjd;%yk; ehk; ,urid

ngWfpd;Nwhk;. mt;thwhf mofpa jhtuq;fisf;nfhz;l #oypy; rQ;rupg;gij vtUk; tpUk;Gtu;.

mt;thwhd ntt;NtW tbtj;jhtuq;fisf; nfhz;l xU #oiy cUthf;FtJ Fwpj;J

rpWguhak; KjNy ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ xU ey;y gof;fkhFk;. ,jd; %yk; khztu;f;F

,urid kl;Lkd;wp> jkJ Mf;fj;jpwd;fis tpUj;jpnra;J nfhs;tjw;Fupa re;ju;g;gKk; fpilf;Fk;.

• mofpa ,iyj; jhtuq;fshYk; G+f;fisg; ngWtjw;fhf tsu;f;Fk; jhtuq;fshYk;

#og;gl;l xU fl;llk; mike;Js;s ,lj;jpd; moifAk; ftu;r;rpiaAk;

vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Xu; cj;jpiaf; ifahz;L ghlj;ij Muk;gpAq;fs;.

• mjd; topNa gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdtpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• ,lj;jpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> jhtuq;fs; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba ,ay;Gfs;

ahit?

• ntt;NtW jhtuq;fs; jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kw;Wk; ,lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s tpjj;jpw;F

mika mtw;iw tiffshf my;yJ $l;lq;fshfg; gpupf;f KbAkh?

• ntt;NtWgl;l rhb Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; rhbapNyw;wg;gl;l ntt;NtW tifj;

jhtuq;fisg; ghu;j;Js;sPu;fsh?

• mofpa #onyhd;iw mikf;Fk;NghJ> ,lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW jhtuq;fisj;

njupTnra;J eLtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpa cq;fsJ fUj;J ahJ?

• nraw;ghl;ilj; njhlq;Fk; jpdj;jpw;F Vwj;jho ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W khjq;fSf;F

Kd;du; njhl;L> rhbapNyw;wg;gl;l> myq;fhu ,iyj; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk;

G+f;fisg;ngWtjw;fhf tsu;f;Fk; jhtuq;fis ,ad;w msTf;Fr; Nrfupj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtw;wpd; mikg;Gg; ghq;Ff;F mika (nfhbfs;> njhq;fp tsUk;

jhtuq;fs;> $k;G tbtj;jhtuq;fs;> cauk; Fiwthd jhtuq;fs; vd;wthwhf)

njupTnra;J Nrfupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

1. • ePq;fs; Nrfupj;J Maj;jkhf itj;Js;s jhtuq;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf

khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpd;tUkhW Njbaha;tpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• ,jw ;Fj ; Njitahd glq ;fs ; > t psf ; fq ; fis cs ;slf ;f p

tptrhaj;jpizf;fsj;jpdhYk;> NtW epWtdq;fspdhYk; jahupj;J ntspaplg;gl;Ls;s

E}y;fs;> gpuRuq;fis crhTtjw;F trjpnra;J nfhLj;J myq;fhu

,iyj;jhtuq;fisAk; G+g;G+f;Fe; jhtuq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; clyikg;Gg;

ghq;Ff;fikaj; njupT nra;J tifg;gLj;JkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

khztu; ,dq;fz;l me;je;jj; jhtuj;jpd;

• nghJg; ngau;

• mikg;Gg; ghq;F

26

• ntt;NtW tbtq;fs; my;yJ epwq;fs;

• #upa xspia tpUk;Gk; jhtuq;fs; / epoiy tpUk;Gk; jhtuq;fs;

• jhtuq;fis ,lg;gLj;Jtjw;F / eLtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tpjk; Mfpatw;iw

Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;L tptuq;fis cs;slf;fpa ml;ltiznahd;W jahupf;FkhW

khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

2. • jhtuq;fspd; mikg;Gg; ghq;fpw;F Vw;w tifapy; rhbfisj; njupTnra;a

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• nghJthd rhb Clfnkhd;wpy; jhtunkhd;wpidr; rhbapNyw;Wk; nrad;Kiwiaj;

Njbawpar; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

• khztiuf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> jhtuq;fis rhbapNyw;Wk; nrad;Kiwapy;

<LgLj;jp> mtu;fis mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; cjtp GupAq;fs;.

• me;J}upak;> Xf;fpl;L Nghd;w G+g;G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fs; rhbfspNyw;wg;gl;Ls;s tpjj;ijAk;>

rhb Clfq;fSf;F ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; rpwg;gpay;GfisAk; EZfpaha khztu;f;Fr;

re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

• tsu;r;rpg;ghq;fpy; NtWghl;ilf; fhl;Lk; jhtunkhd;wpd; rhbapypUe;J ntspNa

vLj;J mjid NtnwhU rhbf;F khwWjypy; Mu;tk; fhl;Lfpd;wduh vd;gJ Fwpj;J

ftdQ; nrYj;Jq;fs;.

3. • tFg;giwr; Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; ghj;jp mikg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd rpy ,lq;fis

Neufhyj;Jld; ,dq;fz;L nghUj;jkhdthW njupTnra;J nfhs;SkhW

Cf;fkspAq;fs;. mt;thW njupT nra;j ,lq;fis myq;fhu ,iyj;jhtuq;fshYk;

G+f;fisg;ngw tsu;f;Fk; jhtuq;fshYk; moFgLj;Jk; nra;Kiwapy; khztiuf;

FOf;fshf <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fp> FOr;nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• ehl;ba jhtuq;fisg; guhkupf;Fk; nghWg;igAk; FOf;fsplNk xg;gilAq;fs;.

• khztu; FOf;fs; <LgLk; me;je;jr; nray;fis> gbKiw xOq;fpd;gb> mit

njhlu;ghd mtu;fsJ mtjhdpg;Gf;fisAk; Fwpg;Gf;fisAk; Fwpj;Jitg;gjw;fhf>

nray; milTg;gj;jpuj;jpd;ghy; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• tFg;giwiaAk; Rw;Wg;Gwj;ijAk; moFgLj;Jtjw;fhf mikg;Gg; ghq;fpw;F mika

khztu; njupT nra;j myq;fhu ,iyj;jhtuq;fisAk; G+f;fisg; ngw tsu;f;Fk;

jhtuq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpl;L mt;thW njupTnra;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fis tpsf;fp>

khztu; FOf;fs; nra;j nray;fs; njhlu;ghd tptuq;fis Kd;itg;gjw;F

khztu;f;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.


• nghUs;fs; : mikg;Gg; ghq;fpw;F mika gy;NtW myq;fhu ,iyj;jhtuq;fs;>

G+f;fisg;ngw tsu;f;Fk; jhtuq;fs; mlq;fpa jhtuj;jpul;L : ntt;NtW rhbtiffs;>

Nky; kz;> $l;nlU> eLifg;nghUs;fs;> fapW

• cgfuzq;fs; / fUtpfs; : kz;ntl;b> if Ks;S> if ms;sp> fj;jupf;Nfhy;>

nrf;fl;bau;> Ks;Skz;ntl;b> rpy;Ytz;b> mythq;F> jhr;rp> G+thsp


• mikg;Gg; ghq;fpd;gb> ,dq;fz;l myq;fhu ,iyj;jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; G+f;fisg;

ngw tsu;f;Fk; jhtuq;fspd; ngau;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jjy;.

• jhtuq;fspd; gy;tifikiaf; fhl;Lk; mikg;Gk; ghq;FfisAk; Vida

rpwg;gpay;GfisAk; Nfhitg;gLj;jy;.

• jhtuq;fspd; mikg;Gg;ghq;Ff;Fg; nghUj;jkhd rhbtiffisj; njupT nra;jy;.

• jhtuq;fisr; rhbapNyw;Wk; nra;Kiwapy; <LgLj;jy;.

• jhtuq;fspd; mikg;Gg;ghq;iff; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L tFg;giwiaAk; Rw;Wg;Gwj;ijAk;

moFgLj;jy;.

27

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 2'0 ( capu;r;#oiyg; ghJfhf;fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;capu;r;#oiyg; ghJfhf;fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;capu;r;#oiyg; ghJfhf;fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;capu;r;#oiyg; ghJfhf;fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;capu;r;#oiyg; ghJfhf;fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 2'1 ( jhk; thOk; fpl;ba capu;r;#oypy; gpuhzpfspd; Njitfis

epiwT nra;thu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fspy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; gpuhzpfspd;

elj;ijfis mtjhdpj;Jg; gjpTnra;thu;.

• #oypd; ghy; gpuhzpfspd; ,Ug;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

mDgtpg;ghu;.

• gpuhzpfspd; Njitfs; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; tifapyhd #oiyf;

fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.


]nghopg;Gnghopg;Gnghopg;Gnghopg;Gnghopg;G : : : : : '#oypd; moiff; fhz;gNghk;> fspg;Nghk;> fhg;Nghk;"

#oypy; thOk; capupdq;fspd; ,Ug;G ghJfhf;fg;gLk; tifapNyNa vkJ ehshe;jf;

fUkq;fisr; nra;Jtu Ntz;Lk;. jhtu ,dq;fNsh tpyq;F ,dq;fNsh mtw;wpd;

thoplq;fNsh mopTwhjthW ghJfhg;gjd; %yk; #oy; Neaj;jd;ikia NkYk;

Nghrpj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. kdpjr; nraw;ghLfshf tptrhaf; fUkq;fis elj;jpr;

nry;Yk;NghJ> mjd; tpisthfg; gapu;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhd jhtu ,dq;fSk; tpyq;F

,dq;fSk; ngUk;ghYk; ehk; mwpahj epiyapy; mopTf;F cs;shtJz;L. gpuhzpfspd;

Njitfs; epiwNtWk; tifapyhd R+oiy tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;sj;jf;f toptiffisAk;

cj;jpfisAk; nraw;gLj;JtNj ,j;Nju;r;rp kl;lj;jpd; Clhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

• Rw;Wg;Gwr;#oypy;> RahjPdkhfr; rQ;rupf;Fk; gpuhzpfs; kw;Wk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk;

jhtu tiffs; gw;wpa khztuJ Qhgfj;ij Nfl;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Xu;

mZFKiwiaj; njupTnra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis khztuplk;

tpdTq;fs;.

• ,dq;fz;l gpuhzpfisg; ngaupLq;fs;.

• mtw;wpd; Fuy;fs; / xypfSf;F ,ilapyhd NtWghLfs; ahit?

• thoplq;fis mikg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jpAs;s nghUs;fs; vit?

• G+r;rpfs;> gpuhzpfspd; jhf;fj;Jf;F Mshfhj jhtuq;fis ghu;j;Js;sPu;fsh?

mj;jhtuq;fs; vit?

• cf;Ftjw;Fj; JizahFk; nghUs;fisf; fhzKbfpwjh?

• kz;zpDs; fhzg;gLk; capupdq;fs; ahit?

• Vida Clfq;fspy; thOk; gpuhzpfs; vit? jhtuq;fs; vit?

• ehk; thOk; #oyhdJ capupdq;fspd; thoplkhf khwpAs;s tpjj;ijj; NjbawpAkhW


• jhtuq;fs;> gw;iwfs; cauw;w (cyu;e;j> rpwe;j) jhtug; gFjpfs;> fw;fSk;

fw;Fd;WfSk;> Fsq;fSk; rJg;G epyq;fSk;> fy;Ntypfs; cf;Fk; jhtug;gFjpfs;

($l;nlU) Nghd;w ntt;NtW #oy;fspy; rQ;rupf;Fk; gpuhzpfsfhzg;gLk; jhtuq;fisg;

ngaupl;Lg; gjpTnra;tjw;fhf ml;ltiznahd;W / khjpupg;gbtnkd;W jahupj;J

toq;Fq;fs;.

• gwitfs;> tz;zhj;jpg;G+r;rpfSk; G+r;rpfSk;> mzpy;fs;> NtW gpuhzpfsJk;

elj;ijfis mtjhdpj;Jg; gjpTnra;jy;.

• jhtuq;fSf;Fk; gpuhzpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; njhlu;GfisAk; mit xd;wpd;kPJ

xd;W jq;fpthOk;tpjk;. mz;ikr;R+oypy; nraw;gLk; czTr; rq;fpypfisAk;

,dq;fhzy;.

• R+oNyhL gpuhzpfspd; ,Ug;G Kf;fpkhFk;tpjk;.

• maw;#oypy; ,Jtiuapy; mtjhdpj;j jhtuq;fs;> kw;Wk; gpuhzpfspd; ,Ug;igg;

ghJfhj;jthW mtw;iwj; jkJ maw;#oypd;ghy; <u;g;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f

toptiffs;> gad;gLj;jj;jf;f cj;jpfisf; ifahSkhW khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;.

28

• gpd;tUk; fUkq;fis FOf;fsplk; xg;gilj;J mtu;fs; mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;

tpjj;ij mtjhdpAq;fs;. Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nra;Jfhl;ly;fis Kd;itj;J

topfhl;Lq;fs;.

• czT ,lj;jf;f mupkug; gyifg; ghj;jpuq;fs;.

• kuf;Fw;wpnahd;wpy; nghe;J mikj;jy; / Jis mikj;jy;

• Mok; Fiwthd ePu;g;ghj;jpuq;fs; itj;jy;.

• jhtuj;jpul;L jhgpj;jy;

• khztuJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; gpNuuizfisAk; eilKiwg;gLj;jr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

• Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oiy mtjhdpg;gjd; %yk; khztu; ngWk; mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk;

jfty;fspd; gb>

,dq;fz;l jhtuq;fspd; ,Ug;ghdJ #oYf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; tpjKk;

gpuhzpfspd; Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;J ftu;r;rpahd #oiy cUthf;fpa tpjKk;

Mfpatw;iw Kd;itf;fr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.


• capupdq;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fisAk; mit rQ;rupf;Fk; ,lq;fisAk; mtjhdpj;Jg;

gjpTnra;jy;.

• gpuhzpfspd;elj;ijfismtjhdpj;Jg; gjpT nra;tjw;fhf ntspf;fsg;gjpNtL /

ehl;Fwpg;NgL gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• Rw;Wg;Gwr;#oypd;ghy; gpuhzpfisf; ftu;tjw;fhf tsu;f;fNtz;ba jhtuq;fs;.

• capupdq;fSf;F (jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;) ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; njhlu;Gfs;

• gpuhzpfis ftuj;jf;f tifapy; mtw;wpd; Njitfis epiwNtw;wj;jf;f ftu;r;rpahd

#oiy cUthf;Fjy;.


• fopj;njhJf;fpa gyifj;Jz;Lfs;> kuf;Fw;wpfs;> gpshj;jpf;Fg; Nghj;jy;fs;> %q;fpw;

Fohaj;Jz;Lfs;> gy;NtW ghj;jpuq;fs; / rhbfs;

• PVC Foha;> Mzpfs;> fk;gp> ifths;> fj;jp> ftu;r;Rj;jpay;> jpUfhzp KLf;fp>

Jis $u;

• fj;jupf;Nfhy;> nghJf;FwL> ,Uk;gupAk; ths;


• capu;r;R+oy;; capupfspd;thoplk;

• ntspf;fsg; gjpNtL / ehl;Fwpg;NgL

• jhtuj; jpul;L

29

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 4'0 ( cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhfcztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhfcztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhfcztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhfcztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhfczitg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.czitg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.czitg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.czitg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.czitg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 4'1 ( cztpd; ,ay;Gfis tptupj;jthW Efu;Tf;fhf czTNrfupg;ghu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • cztpd; ,ay;Gfis tptupg;ghu;.• nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;NghJ Efu;Tf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd czitj;

njupTnra;thu;.• jkJ tPl;by; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg; ghJfhj;J itg;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'jukhd czT njupTnra;Nthk;> Efu;T tiuapy; ghJfhg;ghf itg;Nghk;"

MNuhf;fpa tho;Tf;F czT ,d;wpaikahjJ. mt;Tztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy;

Efu;tjw;fhf czitg; ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. czitg; Gj;jk;Gjpa epiyapy; ngwyhk;.

gz;izapy; mWtilapd; NghJk; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; NghJk;> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jypd;NghJk; Efu;T

tiuapyhd rfy re;ju;g;gq;fspd;NghJk; cztpd; juk; FiwtilAk;. tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J

ngWk; czit Gj;jk;Gjpa epiyapYk; Rj;jkhd epiyapYk; Efuyhk;. re;ijapypUe;J

czitg;ngWk; NghJ mjd; juk; njhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;jpNa mtw;iwj; njupTnra;J

nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. tPl;Lf;Ff; nfhz;L te;j czit EfUk; tiu mjd; juk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;

tifapy; nghUj;jkhd epge;jidfspd; fPo; fsQ;rpag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

• MNuhf;fpa tho;Tf;F czT ,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gijAk; ehk; cl;nfhs;Sk;

czTnjhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ mtrpak; vd;gijAk; ntspf;nfhzuj;jf;f

mZFKiwnahd;wpidg; gad;gLj;jp> gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

• czT vd;gJ ahJ?

• ehk; cl;nfhs;Sk; czTfs; ahit?

• czT cl;nfhs;tjd; gad;fs; ahit?

11111 • tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J ngw;wrpy czTfisNah re;ijapypUe;J ngw;w rpy czTfisNah

Nrfupj;J mtw;iwf; $l;lq;fshfg; gpupg;gjw;fhfj; Njbaha;tpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

I . jhdpaq;fs;> gUg;G tif> fwpr;ruf;F

I I . fha;fwptif> gotif> fPiu tif

III. Cd; czTfs;

• FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J mt;TzTf; $l;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tFg;giwapy; rpW filfs;

rpytw;iw mikf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• mikj;j filfspy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd;ghy; ftdQ; nrYj;jp czTfisf;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• Jupjkhfg; gOjilaj;jf;f czTfis> mt;thW gOjilathW itj;jpUg;gjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhdthW fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;.

• czthff; nfhs;tjw;F nghUj;jkw;w nghUs;fis / gFjpfis ePf;Ftjd; %yk;

Rj;jpfupj;jy;.

• czitr; Rj;jkhf itj;jpUj;jy;

• gpuhzpfshy; Vw;glj;jf;f ,og;Gf;fisj; jtpu;f;f eltbf;if vLj;jy;.

• tspA+l;lk; ngwy;> nghUj;jkhd ntg;gepiyf; fl;Lg;ghL

• #upa xsp fhuzkhf Vw;glj;jf;f ,og;Gf;fisj; jtpu;j;jy;.

22222 • nfhs;tdT nra;a Kd;du;> Efu;Tf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd czitj; njupTnra;Ak;NghJ>

re;ijapy; mit fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjj;ij gw;wp Nkw;gb

tplaq;fspd;gb ftdQ;nrYj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• khztu;; mikj;j filfspy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jpAs;s czTfspypUe;J Efu;Tf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd jukhd czitj; njupTnra;Jnfhs;s topfhl;Ltjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

tplaq;fisj; Jizahff; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

30

• Gw ,ay;Gfs; (epwk;> kzk;> Gwj;Njhw;wk;)

• Nghrhf;Fj; juk; (epwKs;s> kyu;r;rpahd ,iyfisf; nfhz;l fPiufspy; tpw;wkpd;fSk;

fdpAg;Gf;fSk; mlq;fpAs;sik> kQ;rs; epwkhf khwpr;nry;Yk; fPiufspy; tpw;wkpd;fs;

Fiwtile;J nry;fpd;wik)

re;ijapy; cs;s czTfspd; gy;tifikia ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf>

• Gj;jk;Gjpa czTfs;

• gjg;gLj;jpa czTfis Mfpatw;wpd; ,ay;Gfs; Fwpj;Jf; ftdQ; nrYj;JkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• gjg;gLj;jpa czTg; nghjpAiwfs; rpytw;iwf; FOf;fSf;F toq;fp> gjg;gLj;jpa

czTg; nghjpAiwfspy; mlq;fpAs;s tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;JkhW


• mlq;fpAs;s nghUs;fs;• Nghrhf;Fj; jhtuq;fs;

• nghjpapl;l / cw;gj;jp nra;j jpfjp • fhyhtjpahFk; jpfjp

• ntt;NtW juTWjpr; rhd;Wfs; • mlq;fpAs;s epiw

• cw;gj;jp nra;j epWtdk; • tpiy

• gjg;gLj;jpa czTfs; Ngzpitg;gjw;Fk;> tpdpNahfpg;gjw;Fk; ,yFthd tifapy;

jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gijf; ifahz;Lghu;f;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

33333 • tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ngw;w my;yJ nfhs;tdT nra;j czTfisr; rupahdthW

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jhtpbd;> mtw;wpd; juk; FiwtilAkhjyhy;> jkJ tPl;by; EfUk; tiuapy;

czitg; ghJfhg;ghf itg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;. mjw;fhf>

• Rj;jpfupj;jy; • nghjpaply; • fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;

Mfpa tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;j topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• czit> EfUk; tiuapy; mtw;wpd; juk; nflhjthW Kiwikahff; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;

Ntz;Lk; vd;gij cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• jhdpaq;fisAk; gUg;GtiffisAk;> miw ntg;gepiyapy;> %lj;jf;f gpshj;jpf;F

my;yJ cNyhfg; ghj;jpuq;fspy; ,l;L> G+r;rpj;njhw;W Vw;glhjthW fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jjy;.

• fha;fwpfs;> gotiffs;> fPiutiffis ed;F Rj;jpfupj;J fhw;Nwhl;lKs;s Fspuhd

#oy; epge;jidfspd; fPo; itj;jy;> my;yJ FspNuw;wpapy; itj;jy;.

• Cd; czTfis ed;F nghjpapl;l gpd;du; fLq;FspNuw;wpapy; itj;jy;. (Deep freezer)

• Efu;Nthu; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW filapy; / re;ijapy; czTfisf;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; tpjk;> nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; NghJ> Efu;Tf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jukhd czitj;

njupTnra;tJ Fwpj;Jf; ftdQ; nrYjjpa tpjk;> tPl;Lf;Ff; nfhz;L te;j czit Efu;Tf;fhf

vLf;Fk; tiu ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba tpjk; Mfpatw;iw> Kd;itf;FkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


• tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;Jk; ghlrhiyj; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;Jk; re;ijapypUe;Jk; ngw;w

Gj;jk;Gjpa czTfSk; gjg;gLj;jpa czTfSk;

• czT fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd gy;NtW nghUs;fs;


• jukhd czTfspd; ,ay;Gfisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jjy;.

• Jupjkhfg; gOjilAk; czTfis ,dq;fhzy;.

• czT nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;NghJ> Efu;Tf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s

tpjk; Fwpj;Jf; ftdQ; nrYj;Jjy;.

• re;ijapypUe;J jukhd czitj; njupTnra;jy;.

• tPl;Lf;Ff; nfhz;LtUk; czTfis Efu;Ttiu ghJfhg;ghf itj;jy;.


• jukhd czT • Gj;jk;Gjpa czT

• gjg;gLj;jpa czT • czTg;ghJfhg;G

web sites : (1) www.agridept.gov.lk (2) www.harti.lk

(3) www.dwc.gov.lk (4) www.meteo.gov.lk

31

njhopDl;gg;gug;G - czTnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - czTnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - czTnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - czTnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - czT

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 4'0 ( cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;

ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 4'2 ( jukhd czT Efu;Tf;fhf jpl;lkpl;L rikayiwiag; NgzptUthu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • jukhd czT jahupg;gjw;fhf rikaiyiaj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

• jukhd czT Efu;Tf;fhfr; rikayiwiar; Rj;jkhfTk;

tpidj;jpwDilajhfTk; NgzptUthu;.

• nrhy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; (Word Processing) nkd;nghUisg;

gad;gLj;jp ngau;r;Rl;b (label) jahupg;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'rikayiwia xOq;FgLj;JNthk;; cztpd; juj;ijf; fhg;Nghk;"

MNuhf;fpa tho;f;iff;F> tPl;bd; rikayiw Kf;fpakhd Xu; mq;fkhFk;. rikayiwapy;

Ntiy myFfis xOq;fikf;Fk;NghJ czT fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jjy;> czT rikf;f

Kd;du; jahu;gLj;Jjy;> czT rikj;jy; Mfpa fUkq;fis ntw;wpfukhfr; nra;J nfhs;tij

,yFgLj;Jk; tifapy; rikayiw Kiwikahf xOq;Fnra;ag;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

rpwpa rikayiwfspy; kl;Lkd;wp ngUe;njhifahNdhUf;F czT toq;Fk;

cz;br;rhiyfspd; ngupa rikayiwfspYk;> Fwpj;j rfy nray;fisAk; nra;Ak;NghJ

Njitaw;w tifapy; fisg;gilahjthW tpidj;jpwDilathW nra;Jnfhs;sj;jf;fjhf

mJ xOq;fikg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. Neuj;ij kPjg;gLj;jp jkJ czitj; jahupj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;

rikayiwapd; Rj;jKk; Neu;j;jpAk; Kf;fpakhdJ. jukhdthW czT jahupj;Jf;nfhs;sj;

jf;fthW rikayiwiar; nra;J nfhs;tJ njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhf>

rpWguhak; njhlf;fk; JizGuptNj ,jd;%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

• jukhd czT jahupg;gjw;fhf> xOq;fhd> Rj;jkhd rikayiw mtrpak; vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rikayiwg; glq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp nghUj;jkhfg; ghlj;ij

mZfp> gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

• czT fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; Neha;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf rikayiwiar; Rj;jkhf

itj;jpUg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?

• xOq;fhfg; Ngzptug;gLk; rikayiwnahd;wpd; Ntiynra;tjhy; fpilf;Fk; gad;fs; ahit?

• Efu;Tf;fhf czT jahupj;jNy rikayiwapy; nra;ag;gLk; Kf;fpakhd fUkkhFk;

vd;gij typAWj;jp> rikayiwapy; nra;ag;gLk; fUkq;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

Njbaha;tpy; khztiu <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• MNuhf;fpakhd tho;f;iff;fhf> jukhd czT jahupg;gjw;F> gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;

Kf;fpakhdit vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.

• jdpahspd; Rj;jk;

• ,lj;jpd; Rj;jk;

• rkayiw cgfuzq;fs;> rkay;cgfuzq;fs;> rhjdq;fspd; Rj;jk;

,jw;fika G+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Vida gpuhzpfs; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; ,og;Gf;fisAk;>

jtpu;f;fj;jf;fthW rikayiwia tpidj;jpwDilajhfg; Ngzptuyhk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• rikayiwapy; gpd;tUk; Ntiy myFfisAk; ,lq;fisAk; ,dq;fhZkhW

khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;

• czT fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; myF

• rikf;f Kd;du; jahu;g;gLj;Jk; myF

• czT rikf;Fk; myF

• khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> xOq;fikj;j rikayiwapy;>

gFjpfspd; tbtj;Jf;Nfw;g> Ntiy myFfs; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;s glq;fspd;

(,izg;G 4.2.1 ,d;) gb rikayiw khjpupnahd;wpid mikf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

32

• rikayiwapy; ,lk;ngWk; gy;NtW fUkq;fisj; Njbawpe;J gl;baw;gLj;j

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1. gpd;tUk; ,lq;fSf;F cupa fUkq;fisf; Nfhitg;gLj;JkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;

czT fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; czT rikf;fKd;du; czT rikj;jy; myF

myF rhu;e;j fUkq;fs; jahu;gLj;Jjy; myF rhu;e;j fUkq;fs;

rhu;e;j fUkq;fs;

2. gpd;tUk; myFfSf;fhf Fwpj;j fUkq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd rkayiw cgfuzq;fisAk;

rikf;Fk; cgfuzq;fisAk; fUtpfisAk; Nfhitg;gLj;Jq;fs;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; czT rikf;f Kd;du; czT rikf;Fk;

myFf;Fupa jahu;g;gLj;Jk; myFf;Fupa myFf;Fupa

ghj;jpuq;fs; rkayiw cgfuzq;fs; cgfuzq;fs;

• czTg; nghUs;fisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; ghj;jpuq;fSf;F ngau;r;Rl;b (label) ,Ltjhy;>

Njitahd nghUs;fisr; rupahf> ,yFthf ,dq;fhz KbAkhifahy; rikayiwapd;

njhopw;ghL ,yFthjy;

• czT jahupf;f Kd;du;> jahu;g;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa fUkq;fSf;nfd xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s

,lj;jpy; gUFtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ePu; tpepNahfj;ijg; ngWtjd; %yk; rikf;f

Kd;du; czitAk; gad;gLj;Jk; gz;lq;fs;> ghj;jpuq;fisAk; ed;whff; fOtpf;nfhs;sy;.

• czT rikg;gjw;Fupa fUkq;fspy; <LgLtjw;nfdpd;> mLg;G kw;Wk; czT

rikg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; rkayiw cgfuzq;fisAk; rikf;Fk;cgfuzq;fisAk;

Rj;jpfupj;J cupa ,lq;fspy; ,lg;gLj;jpitg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlu;ghfr;

nraw;gLj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• rikayiwapy; ,lk;ngWk; ,f;fUkq;fspy; <Lgl;L MNuhf;fpakhd tifapy; czT

rikj;j gpd;du;> mt;thW rikj;j czit> EfUk; tiuapy; Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;ghf

itj;jpUg;gjd; mtrpaj;ij khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• FOf;fs; jkJ Mf;fG+u;tkhf fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ njupTnra;j

rikaw;fl;bd;> miw tbtj;Jf;fikaj; jahupj;j khjpupiaAk; rikayiwf;

fUkq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd rikayiw cgfuzq;fs;> rikf;Fk; cgfuzq;fs;

njhlu;ghd jfty;fisAk; Kd;itg;gjw;F trjpfisr; nra;J nfhLq;fs;.

fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;mjpgUf;F mwptpj;J> fzpdpf;$l nghWg;ghrpupaupd; cjtpAld; fzpdpf;$lj;jpy; Neuj;ij

xJf;fpg; ngw;W gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf khztiuj; Njbaha;tpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;

• 'Gj;jk;Gjpa czT"> 'gjg;gLj;jpa czT"> 'er;Rj;jd;ik mw;w czT" vd;wthwhf mr;rplg;lg;gl;l

rpy fljhrpj;Jz;LfisAk;> 'Fsp&l;ba czTfs;> ghdq;fs; cz;L" vd;wthwhd jfty;fis

ifahy; vOjpa rpy fljhrpj; Jz;LfisAk; khztUf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

• ifahy; vOjpa jfty;fs;> mr;rplg;gl;l jfty;fs; Mfpatw;Ws; njspthd> rpe;ij

ftuj;jf;f jfty; tif vJ? jw;fhyj;jpy; gutyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ ,tw;Ws;

vJ? vd;wthwhf tpdhf;fis tpdtp> nghUj;jkhfg; ghlj;ij mZFq;fs;.

• khztiuf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J fzpdpfspd;ghy; topg;gLj;jp> fzpdp ,af;fj;ijj;

njhlq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fis toq;Fq;fs;.

• fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; czTg; nghUs; nghjpfspd; kPJ xl;Ltjw;fhf mtw;wpd; ngau;

Fwpf;fg;gl;l ngau;r;Rl;bfisj; jahupf;FkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ngau;r;Rl;bapliyj; njhlq;Ftjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jy;

nkd;nghUnshd;iwj; jpwe;Jnfhs;SkhW khztiu topg;gLj;jp Njitahd

topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.

• Start à All Programs à Libre Office W riter fpspf; nra;tjd;%yk;

33

• fzpdpj;jpiu kPJ cs;s Libre office.org writer glTU (icon) kPJ ,uz;L jlit

fpspf; nra;tjhy; ^Double Click&

• Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l jpwe;j nrhy;Kiw topg;gLj;jy; nkd;nghUisg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;gb

ngau;r;Rl;bfisj; jahupg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd tpsf;fj;ij khztu;f;F toq;Ftjw;fhf>

gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfspy; mtu;fis <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• nkd;nghUspd; fUtpg;gl;il (Tool bar) kPJ fhzg;gLk; $Wfs; kPJ Rl;bia

itj;jpUf;Fk;NghJ Njhd;Wk; fl;lj;jpd; (Tool tip) %yk; mf;$wpd; ngaiuf; fz;lwpe;J

nfhs;sr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

• ngaupd; mu;j;jj;Jf;F mika> mjd;%yk; nra;ag;gLk; fUkj;ij Cfpj;J mtw;iwg;

gad;gLj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;jp ngau;r;Rl;b jahupg;gjw;Fj; JizGupAq;fs;.

• vOj;JUf;fspd; gUkid (Font size) khw;Wtjw;F

• vOj;JUf;fSf;F epw%l;Ltjw;F (Font color)

• jbg;ghf;fYf;F (bold)

• fPo;f ;NfhbLtjw;F (Underline)

• vOj;JUf;fis Neu;g;gLj;jYf;F (Font alignment)

• vOj;JUf;fs; / nrhw;fs; / ge;jpfisf; fljhrp ,lg;gLj;Jjy;

• rha;ntOj;J ,ly; (Italic) Nghd;wtw;iwr; nra;tjw;fhd tool bar,y; Nkw;gb fUtpfisf;

fpspf;nra;tjd; %yk; epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sy;.

• tiujy; fUtpg;gl;ilapypUe;J ghlg;ngl;b (Text box) xd;iwj; njupTnra;J> mjid

gf;fj;jpd; kPJ vOJjy;.

• ngau;r;Rl;bapy; fhl;lNtz;ba nrhw;fis %d;W nkhopfspYk; ghlg;ngl;bapy; (Text

box) xw;iwf;FwpKiw vOj;JUf;fspy; (Unicode font) nghwpj;jy;.

• ghlg;ngl;bapDs; ngau;r;Rl;bf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd glnkhd;wpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;SkhW

khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;.

• nkd;nghUisf; nfhz;L fljhrpapd; gUkid khw;WkhW khztiu topg;gLj;jp

cjtpGupAq;fs;.

• ntw;wpfukhfj; jahupj;j ngau;r;Rl;bia mr;rpLtjw;fhf khztiu topg;gLj;jpj;

Njitahd cjtpia toq;Fq;fs;.

• jkJ Mf;fj;ij Kd;itg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis toq;Fq;fs;.


• rikayiwapd; ntt;NtW fUkq;fSf;fhff; fhzg;gLk; myFfisf; fhl;Lk; glq;fs;>

gy;NtW jfty;fs;

• ,izg;G 4.2.1

• khjpupia Mf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd; nghUs;fs; (nghjpapL ngl;bfs;> fhl;Nghl;>

gir> epwf;fljhrp)

• ngau;r;Rl;b ,Ltjw;Fj; Njitahd nghUs;fs;


• xOq;fikj;j rikayiw myFfs; mlq;fpAs;s khjpupia Mf;fG+u;tkhff;

fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.

• me;je;j myFfshy; nra;ag;gLk; gy;NtW fUkq;fisAk; Njithad cgfuzq;fs;

fUtpfisAk; gl;baw;gLj;Jjy;.

• rikayiwnahd;wpy;> xOq;fhfTk; KiwikahfTk; Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;ghd KiwapYk;

nraw;gLtjw;fhf vLf;fj;jf;f eltbf;iffs;

• jukhd czit EfUk; tiuapy; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUg;gjw;fhfg; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba

gbKiwfis tupirg;gLj;Jjy;

• Njitf;Nfw;gg; ngau;r;Rl;baplYk;> rikayiwia xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jYk;.


• rikayiw Ntiy myFfs; • rikayiw cgfuzq;fs;

• rikf;Fk; cgfuzq;fSk; rhjdq;fSk;.

34

,izg;G 4.2.1,izg;G 4.2.1,izg;G 4.2.1,izg;G 4.2.1,izg;G 4.2.1

rikayiwapd; tbtj;Jf;Nfw;g> Ntiy myFfis xOq;F nra;jy;.

Kiw 1: U tbtk; FwpaPLfs;FwpaPLfs;FwpaPLfs;FwpaPLfs;FwpaPLfs;

Rtu;

ad;dy;; / rhsuk;

fjT

Kiw 2: L tbtk;

Kiw 3: I tbtk; 1. czT fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; myF

2. czT rikf;f Kd;du;

jahu;gLj;Jk; myF

3. czT rikf;Fk; myF

35

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 4'0 ( cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; Efu;Tf;fhf czitg;

ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 4'3 ( vspikahd njhopDl;g Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp tPl;by; czTg;

ghJfhg;Gj;jd;ik kPJ gq;fspg;Gr;nra;thu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • Nghf fhy czT Nrfupg;Gf;fis gz;ila Kiwfisf;

ifahz;L ghu;g;ghu;.

• vspikahd njhopDl;g cj;jpfisf; ifahz;L Nghffhy

czTfisr; Nrfupg;ghu;.

• czT tPz;tpuakhtij ,ad;w msTf;Ff; Fiwg;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'vspikahd njhopDl;g Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp czT Nrfupg;Nghk;"

goq;fs;> fha;fwpfs;> ghy;> ,iwr;rp> kPd; Nghd;w czTfs; mtw;wpy; mjpf mstpy; mlq;fpAs;s

ePu; fhuzkhfTk;> mtw;wpy; epfOk; capupurhad njhopw;ghL fhuzkhfTk;> Ez;zq;fpfspd; tsu;r;rpf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd Clfkhf ,Uj;jy; fhuzkhfTk;> tpisnghUisg;ngw;w gpd;du;> rpy ehl;fSs;

mit Efu;Tf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;w epiyia milAk;. ,jd; tpisthf ngUksT czT tPz;tpuakhFk;.

Nghf fhy czTfisr; Nrfupg;gjw;fhf gz;ilNahu; gy;NtW Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. 'tpQ;Qhd cj;jpfis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l> vspikahd njhopDl;g

Kiwfisf; ifahz;L> cw;gj;jpahsuplj;NjAk;> Efu;Nthuplj;NjAk; czTg; ghJfhg;ig

cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;fhd Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;" vd;gij typAWj;JtNj

,jd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

• Fspu;g;gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; ciw gdpiag; gad;gLj;jp> ,iwr;rpia

Fspu;g;gLj;jpr; Nrfupj;J itg;gu; vd;gijAk;> ntg;g tya fhyepiy fhzg;gLk;

gpuNjrq;fspy; nta;apypy; #upa xspapapy; czTg; nghUs;fis cyu;j;jp czitr;

Nrkpj;J itj;Jg; gad;gLj;Jtu; vd;gijAk; ntspf;nfhzuj;jf;fthW nghUj;jkhd

mZFKiwnahd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdtpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• czitg; ghJfhj;jy; mjhtJ czitr; Nrfupj;J itj;jy; vd;gJ ahJ?

• czitr; Nrfupj;J itj;Jg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; fpilf;Fk; gpuNahrdq;fs; ahit?

• Nghf fhy czTfisr; Nrfupf;Fk; gz;ila Kiwfs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fisr; Nrfupg;gjd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;fp> jkJ gpuNjrj;Jf;Fupa gz;ila Kiwfs; gw;wpAk;> jw;NghJ

gad;ghl;bYs;s Kiwfs; njhlu;ghfTk; Njbaha;T elj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• Njbaha;Tj; jfty;fspd; gb> tFg;giwapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jj;jf;f czT

Nrfupg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd rpy Kiwfisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• njupTnra;ag;gl;l czT Nrfupj;J itj;jy; Kiwfs; njhlu;ghf mwpe;J

nfhs;tjw;fhf ifahz;L ghu;j;jy;.

• czT gOjilaf; fhuzkhFk; fhuzpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtNj 'czT Nrfupj;Jitj;jy;"

vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. mf;fhuzpfSs; xd;iwNah xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;ltw;iwNah ePf;Ftjd;

%yk; czitr; Nrfupj;J itf;fyhk; vd;gijj; NjbawpAkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jjy;.

• czitr; Nrfupj;J itg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwapd; gb>

• cztpd; juk; khw;wkilAk; vd;gijAk;

• cztpd; GyDzu;T rhu;e;j ,ay;Gfs; khw;wkilAkh? vd;gijAk; fz;lwptjw;fhff;

ifahz;L ghu;j;jy;fisr; nra;a topg;gLj;Jjy;.

• tUlj;jpy; czTfs; jhuhskhff; fpilf;Fk; fhyq;fspy; mt;TzTfspd; Nghrhf;Fj;

jd;ikiag; ghJfhj;jthW czitr; Nrfupj;J itf;f KbAkhifahy; tUlk;

KOtJk; czit Efuyhk; vd;gijAk; my;yJ gpd;du;> mjpf tpiyf;F tpw;gid

nra;ayhk; vd;gijAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd mDgtq;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf khztUf;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis toq;Fjy;.

36

• ,jw;fhf nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Xu; ,lj;ijj; jahu;gLj;Jq;fs;.

rikayiw cgfuzq;fs;> rhjdq;fs;> %yg;nghUs;fs; Njitahd trjpfs;

Mfpatw;iwj; Njbg;ngWq;fs;.

• MAl;fhyk; (Shelf life) njhlu;ghf khztu;f;F mwpT+l;lk; nra;Aq;fs;.

• nghjpaplg;gl;l cznthd;W> cw;gj;jp nra;j jpdj;jpypUe;J mt;Tztpd; ,urhad

kw;Wk; GyDzu;r;rpf;F cs;shFk; ,ay;Gfs; (epwk;> Rit> kzk;> tbtk;> ehtpdhy;

czug;gLk; jd;ik Nghd;w) khw;wkilahJ itj;jpUf;fj;jf;f cr;r msthd fhyNk

mt;Tztpd; MAl;fhykhFk;.

• mjw;fhf> jdpahspd; Rj;jk;> ,lj;jpd; Rj;jk;> cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfs;> ghj;jpuq;fs;>

nghUs;fs;> nghjpapLnghUs;fspd; Rj;jk; kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLkhWk; czTfis Nghj;jypy; milf;FkhWk;

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• cyu;j;Jjy;

• nrwpe;j fiury;fspy; (rPdp> cg;G> tpdhfpup) ,Ljy;.

• FspNuw;wYk; czitj; jpz;kkhf khw;WjYk;

• czT Nrfupj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; nra;Kiwia gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glkhf tiue;J

itj;jpUf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ghlrhiyapy; ,t;thwhf> <LgLk; nra;KiwahtJ> czTf; ifj;njhopypd;NghJ>

fl;Lg;ghl;L epiyikfspd; fPo; ghupa mstpy; nra;ag;gLk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• czT Nrfupj;J itg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; njhlf;fr; nraw;ghLfis %yg;nghUl;fisj;

njupTnra;jy;> mtw;iwj; jug;gLj;Jjy;> Rj;jpfupj;jy; Nghd;w nray;fisr; rupahfr;

nra;tjd;%yk; ngWk; cw;gj;jpfspd; juk; Nkk;gLk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• czTfisr; Nrfupj;J itj;jpUj;jy; njhlu;ghfr; nraw;gLk;NghJ kpf Kf;fpakhf

mikAk; tplak;> 'Ez;zq;fpfspd; jhf;fj;Jf;F Mshfhj tifapy; Rfhjhug;

ghJfhg;ghdjhf mt;Tzitj; jahupg;gJk; nghjpaplYkhFk;" vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• czitr; Nrfupj;Jitj;jpUj;jYf;fhfj; jahu;gLj;Jk; NghJ> Ez;zq;fspd;

jhf;fj;Jf;F Mshfhj tifapy;> Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;ghdjhfj; jahu;gLj;Jtjd;

%yk; cztpd; MAl;fhyj;ij (Shelf life) ePbj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• khztu;fs; ifahz;L ghu;j;j gz;ila etPd czT Nrfupg;G Kiwfs; njhlu;ghfg;

ngw;w mDgtq;fisAk;> cw;gj;jpahsiuAk; $lNt Efu;NthiuAk; czT Nrfupj;J

itj;jpUf;FkhW Cf;fg;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpjk; njhlu;ghd mDgtq;fisAk; tFg;gpy;

Kd;itg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis toq;Fq;fs;.


• Nrfupj;J itg;gjw;fhfj; njupTnra;J> jkJ gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J ngw;w fha;fwpfs;>

goq;fs;> ghy; Nghd;wit

• Njitahd cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfs;

• mr;R Clfk;> ,yj;jpudpay; Clfj; jfty;fs;.


• czitr; Nrfupj;J itj;jpUg;gjd; ed;ikfisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jjy;.

• Nghf fhy czitr; Nrfupj;J itf;Fk; gz;ila Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• czT jahupf;Fk;NghJ gpd;gw;wNtz;ba topKiwfis mDrupj;jy;.

• tpQ;QhdG+u;t cj;jpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vspikahd njhopDl;g cj;jpfisg;

gad;gLj;jp czT Nrfupj;J itj;Jg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhfg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jy;.

• ntt;NtW RitAila czT cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.


• czT Nrfupj;jy; • cztpd; MAl;fhyk; • gz;ila El;gKiwfs;

• czT Nrfupf;Fk; gz;ila Kiwfs; • czTg;ghJfhg;G

web sites : (1) www.agridept.gov.lk (2) www.iti.lk

(3) www.nsf.ac.lk (4) www.motr.gov.lk

37

njhopDl;gg;gug;G - Muk;gj;njhopDl;gk;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - Muk;gj;njhopDl;gk;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - Muk;gj;njhopDl;gk;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - Muk;gj;njhopDl;gk;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - Muk;gj;njhopDl;gk;

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 6'0 ( njhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfmbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;jputpaq;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.jputpaq;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.jputpaq;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.jputpaq;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.jputpaq;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 6'1 ( mbg;gil iff;fUtpfisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; jputpaq;fisAk;ghJfhg;ghff; ifahz;L njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fis epfo;j;Jthu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fSf;fhf nghUj;jkhd mbg;gilahdiff;fUtpfisAk; jputpaq;fisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; njupT nra;Jnfhs;thu;.

• fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW ntt;NtW jputpaq;fisg;gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;Jf; ftdQ; nrYj;Jthu;.

• vspikahd iff;fUtpfs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghfg;gad;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; guhkupj;jy; njhlu;ghff; ftdQ;nrYj;Jthu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fspd;NghJ rupahd El;g Kiwfisg; gpuNahfpg;Nghk;"vspikahd njhopDl;g fUkq;fisr; nra;J KbTg; nghUl;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJvjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ,ay;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjputpaq;fisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdJ. mj;NjhL ghJfhg;G cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;tifapy; fUtpfs; cgfuzq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghdf ifahSk; jpwidAk; ngw;wpUj;jy;Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf mbg;gilahd mj;jpthuj;ij mikg;gNj ,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

• mupkuk;> cNyhfk;> gpshj;jpf;F Nghd;w jputpaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fg;gl;Ls;s gad;kpf;fcgfuzq;fs;> ghtidg;nghUs;fs; rpytw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J mtw;iw Mf;Ftjw;fhfg;gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mupkuk;> cNyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; gpshj;jpf;F njhlu;ghff; ftdj;ij <u;g;gjw;Fg;nghUj;jkhd gpuNtrnkhd;wpidg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.• mj;jputpaq;fspd; NtW gpuNahfq;fs; ahit?• cgfuz> gz;l cw;gj;jpf;fhf

• nghUs;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhf jputpaq;fisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;Sk;NghJ mg;nghUs;fspd;>rfpf;Fk; jd;ik> kpd;idAk; ntg;gj;ijAk; flj;Jk; / flj;jhj jd;ik> cUg;gLj;jj;jf;fjd;ik Nghd;w jputpa ,ay;Gfs; njhlu;ghd mDgtq;ifs toq;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.mjw;fika jputpaq;fspd; ,ay;Gfis me;je;jf; fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthWgad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s tpjj;ijj; Njbawpa trjpnra;J nfhLq;fs;.

• mjw;fhfj; njupTnra;ag;gl;l rpy ghtidg;nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;j tifnra;Aq;fs;. cjhuzk;• cNyhf mfg;igapd; jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk; jd;ikia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf mfg;igapd; myFg;gFjp

cl;Fopthf mikf;fg;gl;L tYT+l;lg;gl;bUj;jy;> mfg;igf; ifg;gpbapy; cNyhfk;tl;ltbtcUis Nghd;W mikAkhW tisf;fg;gl;L tYT+l;lg;gl;bUj;jy;; mfg;igiag; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJifg;gpb ntg;gNkwp mt;ntg;gk; ifia miltijj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf ntg;gf; fhtypg; nghUshdmupkuj;jpdhy; ifg;gpb mikf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;.

• nrg;G cNyhff fPyj;jpd; Clhf kpd;ghaj;jf;fjhf ,Ug;gjhy; kpd;#spy; (Torch) kpd;Fkpo; kpd;fyq;fSld; ,izf;fg;gLk; ,lj;jpy; nrg;G cNyhff; fPynkhd;W gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sikf;Ff;fhuzk;>

• tFg;igg; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J Njitahd jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfis toq;Fq;fs;.• iff;fUtpfisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghff;

ftdQ; nrYj;jp El;gKiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; tifapy; FOf;fSf;F cjtpGupAq;fs;. (,izg;G 6.1.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s glj;ijj; Jizahff; nfhs;Sq;fs;)

• msj;jYk; milahskpLjYk;msj;jYk; milahskpLjYk;msj;jYk; milahskpLjYk;msj;jYk; milahskpLjYk;msj;jYk; milahskpLjYk;• njupTnra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fshfpa (mupkuk;> gpshj;jpf;F> nky;ypa cNyhfj;jfL)

38

nghUj;jkhd xU ePsj;ijj; njupTnra;J> cUf;F msTNfhiyg; gad;gLj;jpthrpg;Gf;F Neuhff; fz;iz itj;Jg; ghu;j;J Fwpj;j ePsj;ij mse;J ngd;rpiyg;gad;gLj;jp milahskpLjy;.

• jputpaq;fisg; gFjpfshfg; gpupg;gjw;F mbg;gilahditahd ntl;Lf;NfhLfisj;njspthf milahskply;.

• %iykl;lj;jpd; ifg;gpbia tpspk;Gld; mizj;jpUf;FkhW itj;J> ntl;Lk;Nfhl;il tiujy;.

• jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;• mupkuj;Jf;fhff; if thisAk;> P.V.C ,w;fhf cNyhfkupAk; thisAk;> nky;ypa

cNyhfj; jfl;Lf;fhf nghbntl;biaAk; gad;gLj;Jjy;.• ntl;Lk; Nfhl;bd; topNa ntl;Lj; jsj;ij itj;jpUf;FkhWk;> ntl;Lj;jsj;ij

%f;Ff;F Neuhf itj;jpUj;jy;.• Jisaply; Jisaply; Jisaply; Jisaply; Jisaply; / Jisj;jy; Jisj;jy; Jisj;jy; Jisj;jy; Jisj;jy;

• JisapL Gs;spiaj; njspthf milahskpLjy;> nghUj;jkhd JisA+rpiag;gad;gLj;jp> ifj;Jwg;gzj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> JisapL Nkw;gug;Gf;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhfJisA+rpia itj;jpUj;jy; Mfpatw;Wf;F cjtp GupAq;fs;.

• cUg;gLj;jy;.cUg;gLj;jy;.cUg;gLj;jy;.cUg;gLj;jy;.cUg;gLj;jy;.• cNyhfj;jfL cUg;gLj;JjYf;fhfj; jl;Lg;nghy;iyAk; nghJf;Fwl;ilAk;

gad;gLj;Jjy;. re;ju;g;gq;fspy; khztUf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.• xg;gkhf;fy;.xg;gkhf;fy;.xg;gkhf;fy;.xg;gkhf;fy;.xg;gkhf;fy;.• xg;gkhf;Ftjw;fhf muj;jhisg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ tpspk;GfSf;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhf cNuhQ;Rjy;.• Nkw;gb gbKiwfspd;NghJ ifahz;l El;gKiwfisg; gad;gLj;jpr; nra;j njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp vspikahd Mf;fnkhd;wpidr; nra;AkhW khztu; FOf;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.• khztu;fs; Mf;fj;jpy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; FOf;fspd; ,ilNa rQ;rupj;Jj;

Njitahd topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.• rPuhd njhopw;ghl;Lf;fhf iff;fUtpfs; cgfuzq;fisAk; mt;tg;NghJ guhkupg;gJ mtrpakhFk;

vd;gij vspikahd xU nraw;ghl;bd;%yk; cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.• fUkj;jpd; ,Wjpapy;> ,lj;ijr; Rj;jpfupj;J> iff;fUtpfs; cgfuzq;fisr; rupahf

fsQ;rpag;gLj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.• ntt;NtW njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jputpaq;fisAk; fUtpfs; cgfuzq;fisAk;

njupTnra;J nfhz;l tpjk;> mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpr; nra;J Kbf;fg;gl;l gad;kpf;f Mf;fk;njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; Mfpatw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


• xU FOTf;Fj; Njitahdit:• 15cm x 2.5cm x 1cm mu pk uj ;Jz ;Lfs ; • ntt;NtW gpshj;jpf;F tiffs;• 10cm 20cm nky;ypa cNyhfj;jfl;Lj;Jz;L -1 •

8 25mm

GupahzpAk; RiuAk; -8• cUf;F msT Nfhy; • %iykl;lk;• ifths; • epiyapUf;fp• mRngRj;NjhR tisnesp jfL / $iuNahL • ifj;Jwg;gzKk; JisA+rpfSk;• jpUfhzpKLf;fpfs; • ngd;rpy;• Rj;jpay; • nghJf;FwL


• jputpaq;fspd; ,ay;Gfis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjputpaq;fisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;sy;.

• rupahd El;gKiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp iff;fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fisf; ifahsy;.• njhopDl;gf; fUkq;fisr; nra;Ak;NghJ rupahd Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wjy;.• ghJfhg;G cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; tifapy; nraw;gLjy;.• Ntiynra;Ak; ,lj;ijr; Rj;jkhf itj;jpUj;jy;.

Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :Kjd;ikr; nrhw;fs; :• mbg;gilahd iff;fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs;> jputpaq;fs;• njhopDl;gf; fUtpfs;>• gjg;gLj;jpa czT • czTg;ghJfhg;G

;

39

,izg;G 6.1.1,izg;G 6.1.1,izg;G 6.1.1,izg;G 6.1.1,izg;G 6.1.1

• msj;jYk; milahskplYk;msj;jYk; milahskplYk;msj;jYk; milahskplYk;msj;jYk; milahskplYk;msj;jYk; milahskplYk;

• jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;.jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;.jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;.jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;.jputpaj;ij ntl;bg; gFjpfshf;Fjy;.

if thspd; myF ntl;Lf; Nfhl;ilj;

njhl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;FkhW ntspg;

Gwkhf ntl;Ljy;.

nghb ntl;bapd; xU jhiliag; gpbr;rpuhtpapy; ,Wf;fp> ntl;Lf; Nfhl;Lf;F

Neuhf fj;jupapd; myF mikAkhW itj;J jfl;il ntl;Ljy;. kW ifahy;

jfl;ilg; gpbj;J ntl;Lj;jpiriaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

ths; myF tisahjthW Neubahfg; gpbj;J>

,l;l milahsj;jpd; topNa cNyhfkupAk;

thspdhy; nrt;tdhf ntl;Lq;fs;

msTNfhypd; zz0ZZ ,ypUe;J Muk;gpj;jy;.

%iykl;lj;jpd; ifg;gpb

tpspk;Gld; mizAkhW itj;jy;

mstPl;Lf;F Neuhfg; ghu;itiar; nrYj;jp

tpspk;Gf;Fr; nrt;tdhf tiujy; 450 rha;thf tiujy;

40

• Jisaply;Jisaply;Jisaply;Jisaply;Jisaply;

ifj;Jis fUtpapdhy; nrt;tdhfj; Jisj;jy;

• tisj;jy;tisj;jy;tisj;jy;tisj;jy;tisj;jy;

• cUg;gLj;jy;cUg;gLj;jy;cUg;gLj;jy;cUg;gLj;jy;cUg;gLj;jy; • xUq;FNru;j;jy;xUq;FNru;j;jy;xUq;FNru;j;jy;xUq;FNru;j;jy;xUq;FNru;j;jy;

tisg;G tpspk;Gf; Nfhl;il

Neu;tpspk;nghd;wpy; itj;J

tisj;jy;

tisg;G tpspk;Gf;F mUNf

Rj;jpaypdhy; miwjy;

rpW kuf;fl;il kPJ muj;jhisr;

Rw;wp xg;gkhf;Ftjw;Fupa Nkw;gug;G

kPJ itj;J Nkw;gug;Gf;Fr;

nrt;tdhf cNuhQ;Rjy;

jpUfhzp KLf;fpapd; myif

Mzpj;jiyj; jthspg;gpDs; Neuhf

itj;Jg;gpbj;J> Riuf; Fwl;bdhy;

Riuia ,Wf;fpg; gpbj;J> jpUfhzp

KLf;fpiar; Row;wp xUq;F

Nru;j;jy;

41

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 6'0 ( njhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfnjhopDl;g fUknkhd;iw epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;mbg ;gilahd iff ;fUtpfisAk ; cgfuzq ;fisAk ;

nghUs;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nghUs;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nghUs;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nghUs;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nghUs;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ed;whfTk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 6'2 ( ,yFthfg; ngwj;jf;f jputpaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp gaDs;s

vspikahd KbTg;nghUnshd;iw Mf;Fthu;;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • Mf;ff;fUj;ij tpsf;fg;glq;fs; %yk; fhl;Lthu;.

• fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mbg;gilf; iff;fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs;>

jputpaq;fisj; (nghUs;fisj;) njupTnra;J nfhs;thu;.

• gaDs;s vspikahd Mf;fq;fs; mikg;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'vspikahd tpidj;jpwdhd KbTg;nghUs;fs; nra;Nthk;"

jkJ kdjpy; Njhd;wpa Mf;ff;fUj;ij tpsf;fg;glkhff; fhl;Lk; jpwd;> gilg;ghf;f;fj;jpw;F

mj;jpatrpakhd xU jpwdhFk;. mjw;fhfg; glq;fs; tiuAk; jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;Jnfhs;tjw;F rpW gUtk; Kjw;nfhz;L Kaw;rp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jug;gl;Ls;s

gUkl;lhd glq;fis thrpg;gjD}lhf Mf;fj;Jiwapy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F cjTk;

,r;nrad;KiwahdJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; nghwpKiw tiujy;fis (Mechanical Drawing)

tiutjw;F topNfhYk;> mjw;fika jug;gl;Ls;s gUkl;lhd glq;fis thrpj;J

Njitf;Nfw;g> milahskpLjy;> ntl;Ljy;> cUtikj;jy;> xl;Ljy;> G+r;Rg; G+Rjy;

Nghd;wtw;iwr; nra;ayhk;. mjw;Nfw;g> nghUj;jkhd vspikahd iff;fUtpfs; kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp> ,yFthfg; ngwj;jf;f jputpaq;fisf;; (nghUs;fisf;)

nfhz;L vspikahd KbTg;nghUs;fis Mf;fp Kd;itj;jNy ,j;Nju;r;rpkl;lj;jpd; %yk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

• nrt;tf tbt gf;fq;fs; nfhz;l nghjpapL ngl;bfs; rpytw;iw tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jpg; gpd;tUk;

tpdhf;fis tpdtpf; fye;JiuahLtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Xu; mZFKiwiag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• NtW Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fslq;fpa nghjpapL ngl;bfisf; fz;Ls;sPu;fsh?

• fopj;njhJf;Fk; nghjpapL ngl;bfisg; gad;kpf;f KbTg;nghUs;fshf khw;w

KbAkh? mjw;fhfr; nra;aj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; vit?

• khjpupfis Mf;Fk;NghJ> jhk; Mf;f vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; khjpupapd; Mf;ff;fUj;ij glkhf

tiue;J nfhs;tjd;%yk;> Njitahd jputpaq;fs;> gUkd;> tbtk; Mfpad njhlu;ghd

gUkl;lhd tpsf;fj;ijg; jhk; ngwyhk; vd khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• ,yFthfg; ngwj;jf;f (fopj;njhJf;Fk; fhl;Nghl; ngl;bfs; Nghd;w) nghUs;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp> gad;kpf;f KbTg; nghUs;fSf;Fupa khjpupAUf;fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jy;

vDk; miw$tiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;s khztiuj; Njlypy; <LgLj;jy;.

• khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> fjpiu> Nkir njhlu;ghf kdjpy;

Njhd;wpa Mf;ff; fUj;ijg; glnkhd;wpd;%yk; fhl;Ltjw;fhf khztUf;F cjtpGupjy;.

• jhk; tiue;j glj;jpd; gb khjpupAUf;fis mikf;Fk;NghJ> mLj;j gbKiwahd mjw;Fupa

gUkl;lhd glq;fs; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mjid Muha;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ,izg;G 6.2.1 (A) kw;Wk; 6.2.1(B) ,y; rpy gbKiwfspy; 1. Nkir> 2. fjpiu

Mfpatw;Wf;fhfj; jug;gl;Ls;s> gUkl;lhd glq;fis thrpf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• mg;gUkl;lhd glq;fis thrpj;J> Mf;f vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; khjpupia Mf;Ftjw;F gpd;tUk;

tplaq;fspd; gb topfhl;Lq;fs;.

• glq;fspy; KwpNfhl;bdhy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s gFjpfis ntl;b mfw;Wjy;.

• J}u msTfSf;Fj; Njitahd mstPLfisg; ngw;Wj; jdp KwpNfhLshy; ngl;bapd;

Njitahd ,lq;fis milahskpl;l gpd;dNu ntl;b mfw;wNtz;ba gFjpfisj;

jPu;khdpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

42

• Njitaw;w vy;yhg; gFjpfisAk; ntl;bafw;wpa gpd;du; NkiriaAk; fjpiuiaAk;

Mf;f topfhl;Lq;fs;.

• NkirapdJk; fjpiuapdJk; khjpupAUf;fis mikj;j gpd;du; (jk;kplKs;s) Nkyjpf

fhl;Nghl; kw;Wk; Vida nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nkirf;F xsp ngWtjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhdthW kpd;Fkpnohd;wpid (LED) xspur; nra;AkhW khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ,jw;fhf Mf;ff; fUj;ij ntspf;nfhzu;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

t psf ;fg ; glq ; fis tiutjw ;Fk ; ng hUj ;jkhdthW gFj pfis

xUq;FNru;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; topfhl;Lq;fs;.

• jk;kplKs;s cyu;fyq;fisAk;> kpd;FkpioAk; (LED) Rw;wpy; nghUj;jkhdthW

,izf;f cjtpGupAq;fs;.

• kpd;rhuk; ngWtjw;fhf cyu; fyj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f Xu; cj;jp

njhlu;ghf khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

• mjw;fhf LED> fk;gpj;Jz;Lfs;> nrg;Gj;jfl;Lj;Jz;Lfs;> ehfj;jfl;Lj;Jz;Lfs;>

Mfpatw;NwhL ehd;F vYkpr;rk; goq;fisAk; toq;Fq;fs;. ,izg;G 6.2.1.D ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;W mikg;gpd;gb nraw;gLkhW khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;.

• fk;gpj;Jz;Lfspd; ,U me;jq;fspYk; fhtypg; gFjpfis ePf;fp> nrg;G> ehfj;

jfLfspy; kpf cWjpahf mf;fk;gpj;Jz;Lfis ,izAq;fs;.

• Rw;iwg; G+u;j;jp nra;j gpd;du;> Mspia %b(ON)> LED xspUfpd;wjh vdg;

guprPypf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• vYkpr;rk; goq;fisg; nghUj;jkhd xU nghjpapDs; ,l;L itf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vYkpr;rk; goq;fSf;fg; gjpyhf ehuj;ij> Gspj;Njhil Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp

LED xspu;fpd;wjh vdg; guprPypj;Jg;ghu;f;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• jhk; glkhf tiue;j Mf;ff; fUj;J> Mrpupau; toq;fpa gUkl;lhd glj;jpd;gb ngw;w

Mf;f KbTg;nghUs;> cyu; fyq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp xspA+l;bajd; %yk; ngw;w

mDgtq;fs;> cyu;fyq;fspd;wp xspA+l;bajd; %yk; ngw;w mDgtq;fs; Mfpatw;iw

nrayilTg;gj;jpuj;Jld; tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;fr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.


• ,izg;G 6'2'1^A& " 6'2'1^B& , 6'2'1^C), 6.2.1(D)

• nrt;tf tbt gf;fq;fs; nfhz;l nghjpapL ngl;bfs;. (NghJkhd msTf;F)

• msf;Fk; ehlh> cUf;F msT Nfhy;> msT Nfhy;> fj;jupf;Nfhy;> gir> nrNyhNug;

(gir ehlh)

• fhl;Nghl; Jz;Lfs;

• cyu; fyq;fs; ^1.5 V& (FOTf;F 2 tPjk;)

• LED $ kpd;Fkpo;fs; ^2.5 V& (xU FOTf;F xd;W tPjk;)

• fhtypf; fk;gpj;Jz;Lfs; (xU FOTf;F 5 tPjk;)

• vYkpr;rk; goq;fs; (xU FOTf;F 4 tPjk;)

• kpf nky;ypa nrg;Gj;jfl;Lj;Jz;LfSk; (xU FOTf;F 4 tPjk;) kpf nky;ypa

ehfj;jfl;Lj;Jz;LfSk; (xU FOTf;F 4 tPjk;)


• Mf;ff; fUj;ij glk; / glq;fs; %yk; fhl;Ljy;.

• gUkl;lhd glj;ij thrpj;J tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;.

• fUkj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jputpaq;fs; (nghUs;fs;) fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fisj;

njupTnra;jy;.

• gUkl;lhd glj;jpd;gb fUkj;jpy; <LgLtjd; %yk; tsr;rpf;fdk;.

• vspikahd tpisjpwdhd Mf;fq;fspd; KO epiwT


Mf;ff;fUj;J> Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fs;> gUkl;lhd glk;> gaDs;s vspikahd

Mf;fq;fs;> tsr;rpf;fdk;>

43

,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G 6'2'1'(A)

,izg ;G ,izg ;G ,izg ;G ,izg ;G ,izg ;G 6.2.1.(B)

A - nrg ;G ^Copper&

B - ehfk;^Zinc&

,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G 6'2'1'(D),izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G 6'2'1'(C)a

b c

a - kpd;Fkpo;b - cyu;fyk;c - Msp

44

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 7'0 ( ehshe;jk; vjpu;g;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;fhf> jpl;lkpl;l tifapy;ehshe;jk; vjpu;g;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;fhf> jpl;lkpl;l tifapy;ehshe;jk; vjpu;g;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;fhf> jpl;lkpl;l tifapy;ehshe;jk; vjpu;g;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;fhf> jpl;lkpl;l tifapy;ehshe;jk; vjpu;g;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;fhf> jpl;lkpl;l tifapy;

njhopDl;gj; jPu;T toq;Fk; Mw;wiy ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.njhopDl;gj; jPu;T toq;Fk; Mw;wiy ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.njhopDl;gj; jPu;T toq;Fk; Mw;wiy ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.njhopDl;gj; jPu;T toq;Fk; Mw;wiy ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.njhopDl;gj; jPu;T toq;Fk; Mw;wiy ntspf;fhl;Lthu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 7'1 ( tPl;by; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; ,dq;fz;l vspikahd

gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; njhopDl;gj; jPu;Tfs; Kd;itg;ghu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • Rw;Wg;Gwj;Nj vjpu;g;gLk; gpur;rpidfSs; njhopDl;gj; jPu;T

toq;fj;jf;f gpur;rpidfis NtWgpupj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

• gpur;rpidfSf;F VJthFk; gy;NtW VJf;fs;> fhuzq;fis

tprhuiz nra;thu;.

• gpur;rpidfSf;Fupa jPu;Tfshf vspikahd njhopDl;g

Mf;fq;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'jPu;T rpwe;jJ. gpur;rpid jPu;e;jJ"

khw;wkile;J nry;Yk; cyfpd; miw$ty;fis kdpjd; vjpu;Nehf;fNtz;bAs;sJ.

tPl;bYk; ghlrhiyapYk; fhzg;gLk; mt;thwhd miw$ty;fis khztu;fs;

,dq;fz;Lnfhs;tjw;Fk; mt;tiw$ty;fis Mf;fG+u ;tkhf vjpu ;nfhz;L>

njhopDl;gj;jPu;Tfis Kd;itg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd jpwd;ifs tsu;g;gNj ,jd; %yk;


• khztu;fs; tPl;bYk; ghlrhiyapYk; tFg;giwapYk; gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Fthu;.

mt;thwhd gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpf; fye;Jiuahlbg; ghlj;ijj; njhlq;Fq;fs;. mjd;

topNa 'gpur;rpid" vd;gij vspikahf tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jq;fs;.• ghlrhiyiaAk; tFg;giwiaAk; mtjhdpj;J mq;F fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidfis

,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk; jPu;f;fkhfr; rpe;jpg;gjw;Fk; (Critical Thinking) topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> jhk; ,dq;fz;l gpur;rpidfisg;

gl;baw;gLj;JkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

cjhuzk; : Rz;zg;gyifia mopf;Fk;NghJ Rz;zg;nghb rpjWjy;.

• gpur;rpid Vw;gl;likf;fhf fhuzq;fs; vit? mjhtJ mt;thW epfOtNjd;? vd;gijj;

NjbawpAkhW khztiuj; J}z;Lq;fs;.

cjhuzk; : Jilg;gj;jpy; xd;WNrUk; Rz;zg;nghb mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;glhj epiyapy;

mj;Jilg;gj;jpNyNa Njq;fpf; fhzg;gLjy;.

• jPu;T toq;fj;jf;f fhuznkhd;iw cs;slf;fpa gpur;rpidnahd;wpid Ntwhf;fpf;

nfhs;s cjtp GupAq;fs;.

• cq;fSf;F mwpT+l;Ltjw;nfd mwpKfQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Nkw;gb cjhuzj;Jld;

njhlu;Gila gpur;rpidf;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s jPu;Tf;fhf ,izg;G 7.1.1 ghu;f;f.

• FO cWg;gpdu ; xt;nthUtUk; jdpj;jdpahf nghWg;Gf;fis Vw;gJ

mtrpakhifahy;>

- ehd; Vw;fdNt> mwpe;J itj;Js;s tplaq;fs; vit?

- mJ njhlu;ghf ehd; NkYk; Njbawpaj;jf;fit ahit?

vd;gd gw;wp ciuahb> jhk; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; gFjpia Ntwhf;fpf;nfhs;SkhW J}z;Lq;fs;.

• jhk; nghWg;Ngw;w gFjpf;Nfw;gr; Nrfupj;j jfty;fis cs;slf;fpa

fsg;gjpNtLfis mtjhdpj;J jaTnra;J cq;fsJ ifnahg;gj;ij ,Lq;fs;.

• khztu; Nrfupj;j jfty;fspd;gb> jhk; ,dq;fz;l gpur;rpidf;fhf kpfr;rpwe;j jPu;thfj;

njupTnra;j njhopDl;g Mf;fj;ijr; nra;aj;jf;f tifapy; jpl;lkpLjy; Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijf; fye;Jiuahly; Clhf typAWj;Jq;fs;. mjw;fhf>

• njupT nra;j Mf;fj;Jf;fhd gUkl;lhd tiujnyhd;wpid / tupg;glnkhd;wpid

Kd;itj;jy;.

45

• Mf;fj;Jf;fhf kpfg;nghUj;jkhd %yg;nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;J nfhs;sy;.

• njupT nra;j nghUl;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfisj;

njupTnra;jy;.

• Mf;fk; GupAk;NghJ ntt;NtW gbKiwfis gha;r;rw;Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; fhl;bathW

mjidr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vDk; fUj;ij ntspf;nfhzu;jy;.

• Mf;fj;jpd; nraw;ghl;Lj;jd;ikiag; guprPypAq;fs;.

• Mf;fj;jpd; njhopw;ghL> eilKiwapy; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f jd;ik Mfpatw;iw

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpd; gbKiwfis tptupj;J Mf;fj;ij

tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


• njupTnra;Jnfhs;Sk; jPu;Tf;F cupa Mf;fj;jpw;F mikthf> nghUj;jkhd

%yg;nghUs;fs;> cgfuzq;fs;> iff;fUtpfs;

• MrpupaUf;fhd xU topfhl;lyhf ,izg;G 7.1.1 ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


• jPu;T toq;fj; Njitahd njhopDl;g gpur;rpidfisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jjy;.

• njupTnra;j gpur;rpidkPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; gy;NtW fhuzpfisj; Njbawpjy;.

• jPu;T njhlu;ghd vspikahd gUkl;lhd jpl;lj;ij Kd;itj;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd jputpaq;fs;> fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fisj; njupTnra;J mtw;iwr; rupahff;

ifahs;jy;.

• Mf;fj;jpd; nraw;gLjd;ikAk; KOepiwTk;.

,izg;G: ,izg;G: ,izg;G: ,izg;G: ,izg;G: 7'1'17'1'17'1'17'1'17'1'1

tFg;giwapy; gad;gLj;Jk; Rz;zg;gyifj;Jilg;gj;jpypUe;J Rz;zg;nghb tFg;giwapy;

rpjWjy; xU gpur;rpidahFk;. mjw;fhd xU jPu;tf fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW Rz;zg;gyifj;

Jilg;ghdpy; xd;WNrUk; Rz;zg;nghbia Xu; ,lj;jpy; Nrfupj;Jf;nfhs;sj;jf;f Xu;

cj;jpiaf; ifahsyhk;.

fopj;njhJf;fpa Nghj;jnyhd;iw vLj;J mjd;

kPJ fulhd Jzpj;Jz;nlhd;wpidr; Rw;wp

Mf;fpa Rz;zg;gyifj; Jilg;ghd;

mj;Jilg;gj;ijg; GFj;jj;jf;f msTila

Nghj;jnyhd;wpidg; ngw;W> mjd; cl;Gwr;

Rtupy; mize;jgb ,Uf;Fk;gb nty;FNuh

(Velcro) e py t p u p g ; Gj ; ( Carpet)

Jz;nlhd;wpid tpupj;jy;.

Rz;zg;nghb xd;W Nru;e;j Jilg;gj;ij Nghj;jypDl; GFj;jpr;

Row;WjYk; mg;Nghj;jypd; %biaf; fow;wpr; Rz;zg;nghbia

mg;Gwg;gLj;jYk;

1. 2.

3.

46

njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tpahghu eltbf;iffs;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tpahghu eltbf;iffs;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tpahghu eltbf;iffs;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tpahghu eltbf;iffs;njhopDl;gg;gug;G - tpahghu eltbf;iffs;

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 8'0 ( gz ;lq ;fs ; > Nritfisg ; ngWk ; NghJ nghUj ;jkhdgz ;lq ;fs ; > Nritfisg ; ngWk ; NghJ nghUj ;jkhdgz ;lq ;fs ; > Nritfisg ; ngWk ; NghJ nghUj ;jkhdgz ;lq ;fs ; > Nritfisg ; ngWk ; NghJ nghUj ;jkhdgz ;lq ;fs ; > Nritfisg ; ngWk ; NghJ nghUj ;jkhd

jPu;khdq;fis vLg;ghu;.jPu;khdq;fis vLg;ghu;.jPu;khdq;fis vLg;ghu;.jPu;khdq;fis vLg;ghu;.jPu;khdq;fis vLg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 8'1 ( ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy;> NjitfSf;Fk; tpUg;gq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

NtWghl;il ,dq;fz;L mtw;iw epiwNtw;Wk; gpuNjr

toq;Feu;fisj; Njbaha;thu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • NjitfisAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk; xg;gpLthu;.

• NjitfisAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk; epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;Fj;

Njitahd gz;lq;fisAk; NritfisAk; NjLthu;.

• gz;lq;fs;> Nritfs; toq;Fk; toq;Fdu;fisg; gw;wpf; fw;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'gz;lq;fs;> Nritfs; toq;Fk; toq;Fdu;fis ,dq;fhz;Nghk;"

kdpjdpd; Njitfs; kw;Wk; tpUg;gq;fs;> mtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhfg;

gad;gLj;Jk; gz;lq;fSk; NritfSk;> mg;gz;lq;fisAk; NritfisAk; toq;FNthu;

Mfpatw;iw ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gilahd tpsf;fj;ij toq;FtNj

,jd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nra;Kiwfw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nra;Kiwfw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nra;Kiwfw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nra;Kiwfw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nra;Kiw (

• kdpjDf;F tho;f;ifapd;NghJ ehshe;jk; Njitg;gLgit> kw;Wk; kdpjd;

gad;gLj;Jgit njhlu;ghf khztuJ mwpit tprhupj;jwptjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Xu;

mZFKiwiaf; ifahz;L gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fisf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• jj;jkJ tPLfspYk;

• ghlrhiyapYk;

ahNjDk; tpUg;gq;fis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jgit ahit?

• khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpu pj ;J> FO cWg;gpdupd;

tpUg;Gf;Fupatw;iwg; gl;baw;gLj;jNjlypy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• mt;thW jahu;g;gLj;jpa gl;baypd; cUg;gbfis FO cWg;gpdu;fspd; $l;lhd

fUj;jpd;gb gpd;tUkhW ,uz;L gFjpfshfg; gpupf;Fkhw topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• tho;tjw;F ,d;wpaikahjit

• ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; guthapy;iy> vdpDk; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; NkYk; ey;yJ vDk;

tiffisr; Nru;e;jit.

• ,t;thwhf ,uz;L gFjpfhsfg; gpupj;jpy; njhlu;ghfj; jPu;khdpg;gjw;F khztiuj;

J}z;ba fhuzq;fis tpdtp gpd;tUkhW tpsf;fkspAq;fs;.

• kdpjDf;F tho;tjw;F ,d;wpaikahjit NjitfshFk;. mit xl;Lnkhj;j

kdpj tu;f;fj;Jf;Fk; nghJthditAk; tiuaiwg;gl;litAkhFk;.

• Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; gy;NtWgl;l KiwfNs 'tpUg;gq;fs;" MFk;.

,it MSf;fhs; NtWgLk;> vy;iyaw;wJ. ,e;j vy;iyaw;w tpUg;gq;fs; fhuzkhf

GJg;GJ Mf;fq;fisg; gilf;Fk; gilg;ghspfs; Njhd;Wtu;. mjd; %yk; tzpf

cyF tpuptilAk;.

• Njbg;ngw;Ws;s ehshe;jk; gad;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; EfUk; nghUl;fisAk; gy;NtW

NritfisAk; fhl;Lk; glq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• kdpjj; Njitfs; kw;Wk; tpUg;gq;fSf;fhf kdpjd; Mf;fpAs;s nghUs;fis gz;lq;fs;

vdTk; kdpjd; kw;nwhUtUf;Fr; nra;Ak; nray;fis Nritfs; vdTk; NtWgLj;jpf;

fhl;LkhW khztiuj; Njlypy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• Njitfs; kw;Wk; tpUg;gq; ;fSf;fhd gz;lq;fs;> Nritfis toq;FNthu;

toq;Feu;fshtu; vd tpsf;fp jkJ FLk;gj;jpd; Njitfis epiwNtw;Wk; toq;Feu;

gl;banyhd;iwj; jahupf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

47

• mg;gl;baiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gz;lq;fs;> Nritfis toq;Fk; jkJ

gpuNjr toq;Feu;fis NtWgLj;jpf;fhl;Ljy;. mtu;fs; 'gpuNjr toq;Feu;fshtu;"

vdf; Fwpg;gpLq;fs;.

• gpuNjr toq;Feu;fis> jdpahl;fs;> epWtdq;fs;> mikg;Gf;fs; vd

tifg;gLj;jpf;fhl;Ljy;.

• mj;jdpahl;fisAk; epWtdq;fisAk; mikg;Gf;fisAk; ,yhgk; ngWgit vdTk;

,yhgk; ngwhjit vdTk; NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhzy;.

• gpuNjr toq;Feupd; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhuzkhf cq;fsJ gpuNjrj;Jf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;

mD$yq;fis khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• tpUg;gq;fistpl NjitfSf;F Kjyplk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; toq;fis kPjg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;syhk; vd;gijAk; gpuNjr toq;Feu;fs;> gz;lq;fs; Nritfs; toq;FNthu;

gw;wpa jfty;fis nrayilTg; gj;jpuj;Jld; Kd;itg;gjw;F khztu;f;Fr;

re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :• fljhrp

• ehshe;jk; gad;gLj;Jk; my;yJ EfUk; gz;lq;fshf> ghlrhiyg;ig> jz;zPu;g;Nghj;jy;>

czT> cil Nghd;w nghUl;fs;

• Nritfshf> fw;gpj;jypy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; Mrpupia / Mrpupau;> KjYjtp toq;Fk;

jhjp> rhujp Nghd;Nwhiuf; fhl;Lk; glq;fs; / xspg;glq;fs;

• gpuNjr toq;Feu;fspd; glq;fs; / xspg;glq;fs;


• tpUg;gq;fistpl NjitfSf;F Kjd;ikaplkspj;Jr; nraw;gLtjhy; tstPz;tpuaj;ij

,ad;w msTf;Ff; Fiwj;jy;

• gy;NtW Gj;jfq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhf kdpj tpUg;Gf;fisr; rupahf ,dq;fhzy;.

• gz;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; toq;Feu;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jjy;

• gpuNjrj;jpd; toq;Feu;fis tifg;gLj;Jjy;

• gpuNjr toq;Feu;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ gpuNjr thrpfs; kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;

tpjj;ij tptupj;jy;


• Njitfs;> tpUg;Gf;fs;> gz;lq;fs;> Nritfs;> gpuNjr toq;Feu;fs;.

48

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 9'0 ( rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 9'1 ( Nrkpg;gjw;Fk; <l;lj;Jf;Fk; gzj;ij ,Lthu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • ehshe;jk; Nrkpg;gjpy; Kidg;Gf; fhl;Lthu;.

• <l;lj;Jf;fhf gzj;ij ,lj;jf;f topfisj; NjLthu;.

• <l;lj;Jf;fhfg; gzj;ij ,Lthu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : 'gzk; <l;l ey;y rk;ghj;jpa topfs; NjLNthk;"

ehshe;j tho;f;ifapd;NghJ> vkf;Fj; Njitahd gzk; cl;gl rfy tsq;fisAk;

rpf;fdkhfTk; ey;y fl;Lg;ghl;LlDk; EfUtjd; Clhf Nrkpg;G fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;.

xt;nthU Nrkpg;Gk; ,Wjpapy; gzr; Nrkpg;Gf;F topNfhYk;. kPjg;gLj;jpa my;yJ ngw;w

gzj;ij tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf NtW <l;l topfspy; ,lyhk;. NtW <l;ly; topfspy;

gzj;ij ,Lk;NghJ> mghaj;ij vjpu;Nehf;f NeupLk;. mghaj;ij ntw;wpfukhf

vjpu;nfhs;tjw;nfdpd;> me;je;j Kaw;rpapd; ,yhgj;ijAk; mghaj;ijAk; xg;gpl;Lg;ghu;j;J

rupahfj; jPu;;khdnkLj;jy; Ntz;Lk; Mfpa mbg;gil mk;rq;fis khztu;f;F mwpKfk;

nra;tJk;> mjw;fika nraw;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd Kidg;ig Vw;gLj;JtJNk

,jd;%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

• jkJk; jkJ FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fsJk; Nrkpg;Gfs; njhlu;ghf> gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;

ntspf;nfhzug;gLk; tifapy; nghUj;jkhdthW ghlj;ij mZFq;fs;.

• jhKk; jkJ FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fSk; ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; tsq;fis

EfUk; tpjk;. cjhuzk;: czT> Milazpfs;> kpd;rhuk; Nghd;w

• ehshe;jk; nryT nra;Ak; tpjk;

• gz;lq;fs; Nritfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;tpjk;

• ehshe;jk; / thuhe;jk; / khjhe;jk; Nrkpg;gpy; fupridf; fhl;Lk; tpjk;

• Nrkpj;j> ngw;w gzj;ij NtW <l;ly; topfspy; ,l;Ls;s tpjk;

• khztuJ Jyq;fy;fis kjpAq;fs;. mj;Jyq;fy;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

Nrkpg;igf; fl;bnaOg;gj;jf;f gpd;tUk; Kiwfis tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• ehshe;j tho;f;ifapd; NghJ ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; rfy tsq;fisAk; rpf;fdkhf

EfUjy;.

• vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;> tpUg;gq;fis tpl NjitfSf;F Kjd;ik toq;fpr;

nraw;gly;.

• Njitaw;w Efu;itj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf thq;fNtz;ba nghUl;fs; mlq;fpa

nghUl;gl;bay; (Shopping List) xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp gz;lq;fisf; nfhs;tdT

nra;jy;.

• jhk; ciof;Fk; gzj;jpd; xU gFjpia Ntwhf;fp itf;fg;goFjy;.

(tq;fpf;fzf;nfhd;iw Muk;gpj;Jg; NgzptUjy; %yk;)

• xt;nthU gz kPjg;gLj;jYk; ,Wjpapy; jk;kplKs;s gzr;Nrkpg;Gf;F topNfhyy;;.

• Nrkpj;j kw;Wk; ngw;w gzj;ij tPl;bNyNa itj;jpUg;gijj; jtpu;j;J NtW

<l;ly; topfspy; ,Ltjhy; jkJ gzj;ij tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Kbfpd;wik.

• Nrkpj;j kw;Wk; ngw;w gzj;ij NtW <l;ly; topfspy; ,Lk;tpjj;ij tfpghfNkw;W

ebj;jy; %yk; Kd;itf;FkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s

fUg;nghUl;fspd; fPo; tfpghfNkw;W ebj;jy;fis Kd;itf;FkhW khztu;f;F

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

fUg;nghUs; ,y 1:fUg;nghUs; ,y 1:fUg;nghUs; ,y 1:fUg;nghUs; ,y 1:fUg;nghUs; ,y 1:

jkJk; jkJ FLk;gj;jpduJk; : • cz;bay;fspy; Nrkpj;jy; - ,yhgk; fpilahJ

Nrkpg;G • tq;fpfspy; nghJthd kw;Wk; epiyahd

49

fzf;Ffspy; itg;Gr; nra;jy;.

gzk; rpwpa msTfspy; tsu;r;rpailAk;.

epiyahd itg;Gf;fzf;Ffspy; tl;b rhu;gstpy;

rw;W cau;thdJ. gzk; tsu;r;rpailtJ

rhu;gstpy; rw;W mjpkhf tsu;r;rpailAk;.

fUg;nghUs; ,y 2:fUg;nghUs; ,y 2:fUg;nghUs; ,y 2:fUg;nghUs; ,y 2:fUg;nghUs; ,y 2:

jkJ jkJ FLk;g : • ntt;NtW Kiwfspy; gzj;ij ,LjYk;

cWg;gpdu;fsJ gzj;ij mtw;wpd; tUkhdj;ijAk; / mghaj;ijAk; /

<l;lYf;fhf ,Ljy; ,yhgj;ijAk; xg;gpl;Lg;ghu;j;jy;.

• <l;lYf;fhf gzj;ij ,lj;jf;f topfs; - tq;fpfs;

1. RahjPdkhf ,Uf;Fk; Ntisfspy; ngw;Nwhupd;

tptrha / tzpf eltbf;iffspy; clYiog;G

%yk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jy;.

2. flikg;gzp Neuk; jtpu;e;j Vida Neuq;fspy;

NtW gzpfspy; <LgLjy;

cjhuzk; : fzf;F mwpf;iffs; jahupj;jy;

thfd toq;fj;Jtq;fy; (Servicing)

Nrit toq;Fjy;.

3. Nrkpj;j gzj;ijg; gad;gLj;j jhk; jpwik fhl;Lk;

Jiw rhu;e;j tzpfnkhd;wpid Muk;gpj;J elj;jpr;

nry;yy;.

cjhuzk;: Foe;ijfspd; Milfs; ijj;jy;>

myq;fhug; nghUl;fs; Mf;Fjy;>

mzpfyd;fs; Mf;Fjy;> rpwpa

tpisahl;Lg;nghUl;fs; (nghk;ikfs;)

Mf;Fjy;.

• ehw;WNkilfs; NgzptUjy;

Nkw;gb ebj;Jf; fhl;ly;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fUg;nghUs;fisj; njupTnra;jy;>

nghUj;jkhd ghj;jpuq;fisj; njupTnra;jy;> nrhy;yhly;fisj; jahu;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sy;>

Neuj;ij Kfhiknra;J nfhs;sy;> ebg;Gj;jpwd;fis ntspf;fhl;ly; Mfpatw;Wf;Fj;

Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;Fq;fs;.

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :• tfpghfNkw;W ebj;jYf;fhd Maj;jkhf> tq;fpfspy; gzk; Nrkpf;Fk; fzf;Ffs;

njhlu;ghd Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs;> NtW <l;ly; topfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; kw;Wk;

khztUf;Fj; Njitahditnadf; fUJk; trjpfis toq;Fjy;.


• gzk; cl;gl rfy tsq;fisAk; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg; goFjy;

• Nrkpf;Fk; gof;fk; %yk; vjpu;fhyg; ghJfhg;Gk; ey;y elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fSk;

fl;bnaOg;gg;gLjy;

• gzkPl;lj;jf;f rpwe;j topfisj; Njbawpjy;

• gzj;ij kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; <l;ly; eltbf;iffspy; <LgLj;Jtjd;%yk; ,yhgk;

ngwKbjy;.

• gzj;ij ntt;NtW tzpf eltbf;iffspy; <LgLj;Jtjhy; jkf;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fk;

$lNt KO ehl;Lf;Fk; gad; fpilj;jy;.


• Nrkpj;jy;> <l;Ljy;> <l;Ltjw;fhfg; gzj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;jw;fhd topfs;>

tsq;fisr; rpf;fdkhfg;' gad;gLj;jy;.

50

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 9'0 ( rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.rpwpa tzpfq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L elj;jpr; nry;thu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 9'2 ( gz;lnkhd;wpd; nghUl;fSf;fhd nryitg; gl;baw;gLj;jp cw;gj;jpr;

nryitf; fzpg;ghu;.


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • Mf;fpKbj;j gz;lnkhd;wpy; mlq;fpAs;s nghUl;fisAk;

mtw;wpd; msTfisAk; tprhupj;jwpthu;.

• nghUl;fSf;fhd nryit mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L cw;gj;jpr;

nryitf; fzpg;ghu;.

• cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;Fk; mwpf;ifg;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd

tpupjhs; nkd;nghUisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

• cw;gj;jpr; nryit ,opthf;Fk; Kiwfisg; gpNuupg;ghu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : gz;lq;fs; nghUs;fSf;Fupa nryitf; fhz;Nghk;.: gz;lq;fs; nghUs;fSf;Fupa nryitf; fhz;Nghk;.: gz;lq;fs; nghUs;fSf;Fupa nryitf; fhz;Nghk;.: gz;lq;fs; nghUs;fSf;Fupa nryitf; fhz;Nghk;.: gz;lq;fs; nghUs;fSf;Fupa nryitf; fhz;Nghk;.

ve;jnthU gz;lj;jpdJk; cw;gj;jpr; nrytpd; ngUk;gFjp jputpaq;fSf;fhf

nrythfpd;wikahy;> jputpaq;fis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L cw;gj;jpr; nryitf;

fzpg;gjw;fhf khztu;f;F tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;

jkJ Mf;fk; njhlu;ghf csj;jpUg;gjpailar; nra;jyk; kw;Wk;> jputpaq;fSf;fhfr;

nrythfpa gzk; njhlu;ghd Rkhuhd tpsf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JjYk; ,q;F gpujhdkhf


nrythFk; nghUs;fSf;Fupa nryT (Material cost) njhlu;ghf khj;jpuk; ,q;F ftdQ;

nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wikahy;> clYiog;G kw;Wk; Vida nryTfSf;fhd nryT ,q;F

fzpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Xa;T Neuj;ij tpidjpwDila xU nraYf;fhf topg;gLj;Jtd; %yk; ahNjDk;

nghUshjhu ed;ikiag; ngw Kbfpd;wik khztu; ngWk; kw;WNkhu; Nkyjpf

mDgtkhFk;.

• jputpaq;fis ,yFthf NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhzj;jf;f vspikahd rpy gz;lq;fis

khztUf;Ff; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mtw;wpy; mlq;fpAs;s jputpaq;fs; gw;wpAk; mtw;wpd;

msTfs; gw;wpAk; tprhupj;jwpe;J> gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis ntspf;nfhzUk; tifapy;

khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• gz;lnkhd;wpid cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; jputpaq;fspd; (Material)

mtrpak;.

• gz;lj;jpd; tif> msT Mfpatw;wpd;gb gad;gLj;Jk; jputpaq;fSk;

NtWgLfpd;wik.

• gz;lnkhd;wpd; cw;gj;jpr; nrytpd; mjpf rjtPjk; jputpaq;fSf;fhfr; nrythjy;.

• gz;lnkhd;wpdJ cw;gj;jpr; nryTfs; ngUk;gFjp vjw;fhfr; nrythfpd;wJ vdf;

fz;lwpa khztiuj; Njlypy; <LgLj;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd rpy gz;lq;fisj; njupTnra;J FOTf;F xd;whf mg;gz;lq;fis

toq;fp> mtjhdpf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• mg;gz;lj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpAs;s ntt;NtW nghUs;fs;> mtw;wpd;

msTfis ntt;Ntwhf xU jhspy; Fwpf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• mj;jputpaq;fSf;fhd nryTfs; njhlu;ghd gUkl;lhd kjpg;gPnlhd;iw /

ml;ltiznahd;iwj; jahupf;FkhW FOf;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• gpd;tUk; khjpupiaAk; (ml;ltiz ,y: 1) #j;jpuj;ijAk; gad;Lj;jp gz;lj;jpy;

mlq;fpAs;s jputpaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpf;f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (me;je;jj; jputpaj;jpd; ngWkjpia NkypUe;J fPohff; $l;b>

jputpaq;fis mbg;giahff; nfhz;l nkhj;jr; nryitf; fzpf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;)

51

njhlu; ,y: cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpa msT gzj;njhif

jputpaq;fs; &gh.

01 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' xx xxx

02 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' xx xxx

03 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' xx xxx

04 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' xx xxx

05 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' xx xxx

jputpaq;fis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l

nkhj;j cw;gj;jpr; nryT xxxx

#j;jpuk;: jputpaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nkhj;j cw;gj;jpr; nryT

cw;gj;jp nra;j myFfspd; njhif

Xu; myFf;Fupa cw;gj;jpr; nryT = &gha; :.................................

• gz;lj;jpd; cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;sj;jf;f jputpar; Nru;khdk; njhlu;ghfj;

NjbawpAkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• gz;l cw;gj;jpapd; KbthtJ gbKiw njhlf;fk;> cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;fhfr;

nra;j fUkq;fis Kd;itg;gjw;fhf khztu;f;F trjpfisr; nra;JnfhLq;fs;.

fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;:fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;:fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;:fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;:fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;:

• mjpgUf;F mwptpj;J> fzpdpf;$l nghWg;ghrpupaupd; cjtpiag; ngw;W fzpdpf; $lj;jpy;

Neuj;ij xJf;fpg;ngw;w gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf khztiuj; Njbaha;tpy; <LgLj;Jjy;.

• khztiuf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J fzpdpfspd;ghy; topg;gLj;jp> fzpdp ,af;fj;ij

njhlq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd cjtpfisg; Gupjy;.

• Libre Office Calc my;yJ NtW nghUj;jkhd tpupjhs; nkd;nghUis jpwe;J

nfhs;sj;jf;f tpjj;ij tpsf;fp> mk;nkd;nghUisj; jpwe;J nfhs;SkhW Cf;Fjy;.

• Start à All Programs à LibreOffice Calc fpspf; nra;tjd; %yk;

• tpupjhs; nkd;nghUs; jpwe;jjd; gpd;du; mjd; gpujhd rhsuj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfspd;

ngau;fisAk; mtw;wpdhy; nra;Jnfhs;sj;jf;f gzpfisAk; ,dq;fhz;gjw;F

khztu;f;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspj;jy;.

me;je;j fUtpg;gl;ilapy; (Toolbar) cs;s fUtpfs;(Tools) kPJ Rl;bia (mouse)

fz Neuk; itj;jpUf;Fk;NghJ mjd; ngau; fhl;rpaspf;Fk;. fynkhd;W

fhl;rpaspg;gjhy; mjd; %yk; glTUtpd; ngaiu mwpe;J nfhs;sr; re;ju;g;gkspj;jy;.

• Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 9.2 ,d; fPo; gz;lnkhd;wpid cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;Fupa jputpaq;fSf;fhd nryitf;

fzpg;gjw;fhd ml;ltiziaj; jahupg;gjw;fhf tpupjhs; nkd;nghUisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• tpupjhs; vd;gJ ngWkhdq;fis cl;gLj;jp> fzpj;jy;fisr; nra;aj;jf;f xU ghupa

jhshFk; vd;gijAk;> tpupjhnshd;wpy; mlq;fpAs;s> ge;jp epuy;fs; (Column)> epiufs;

(Row)> fyq;fs; (Cell)> fyr;Rl;Lthd; (Cell pointer) Nghd;wtw;iw ,dq;fhzy;.

• Nkw;gb mk;rq;fs; ngauplg;gl;Ls;s tpjj;ijAk; mt;tk;rq;fspd; khw;wq;fis (ePs

mfyq;fis khw;Wjy;> juT GFj;Jjy; Nghd;wit) Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;ij

,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf Njbaha;tpy; <LgLjy;.

• tpupjhspy; 4 gj;jpuq;fisAk; 7 tupirfisAk; #o vy;iy (Border) ,l;L

ml;ltiznahd;W jahupf;f topg;gLj;Jjy;.

• jahupj;j ml;ltizapy;> me;je;j epiuapy; (Row) jiyg;Gf;fs;

• njhlu; ,yf;fk;

• cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpa jputpaq;fs;.

• msT

• gzk;

vd;wthwhf jdpf;FwpKiw vOj;JUf;fisg; (Unicode) gad;gLj;jpg; nghwpf;FkhW

topg;gLj;Jjy;.

52

(,jw;fhf NkNy ml;ltiz 1 vdj; jug;gl;Ls;s gz;lj;jpd; jputpaq;fis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;

ml;ltizia Kd;khjpupahff; nfhs;Sq;fs;)

• Fwpj;j epiufspy; (Row) Njitahd juTfisg; (jl;lr;rpw;)nghwpf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jjy;.

• jputpaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nkhj;j cw;gj;jpr; nryitj; Jzptjw;fhf>

'=SUM()" #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;j topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• NkNy fz;lwpe;j jputpaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nkhj;j cw;gj;jpr; nryit>

cw;gj;jp nra;j myFfspd; njhifapdhy; tFg;gjw;fhf> Fwpj;j ngWkhdq;fis tpupjhspd;

kPJ jl;lr;rpw;nghwpj;J> myFf;Fupa cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;F khztu;f;Fr;

re;ju;g;gkspj;jy;. ('/" FwpaPl;ilg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; tFj;jiyr; nra;jy;.)

kkkkk

,t ;thwhfj ; jahu pj ;j t p u pjhisg ; g pd ;du ; k Psg ;gad ;gLj ;Jtjw ;fhfTk ;

mwpf;ifg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; fzpdpay;> epue;ju epidtfj;jpy; NrkpAq;fs;. (Save)

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :• vspikahd rpy ghtidg;nghUs;fs;• vspikahd KbTg;gz;lq;fs; rpytw;iw Mf;Ftjw;Fj; Njithad jputpaq;fs;.• fzpdpf;$lk; (fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;)


• gz;lnkhd;wpid cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;NghJ Njitg;gLk;> jputpaq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf;fz;lwpjy;.

• gz;lnkhd;wpid cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;NghJ nghUj;jkhd jputpaq;fis cupa msTfspy;gad;gLj;Jtjd; mtrpak;

• cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;Fk; mwpf;ifg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd xUKiwia(,yj;jpudpay; tpupjhs; nkd;nghUnshd;wpidg;) gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• cw;gj;jpr; nryit ,opthf;fpf;nfhs;s eltbf;if vLj;jy;.


• nghUs;fSf;fhd nryT> cw;gj;jpr; nryT> KbTg;gz;lq;fs;> cw;gj;jpr;

nryit ,opthf;Fjy;.

web sites : (1) www.vestjaisaarc.lk (2) www.centralbanklanka.org

kg

kg

53

njhopDl;gg;gug;G - rpj;jpupg;GnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - rpj;jpupg;GnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - rpj;jpupg;GnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - rpj;jpupg;GnjhopDl;gg;gug;G - rpj;jpupg;G

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 10'0 ( Mf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahd

Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 10'1 ( ntt;NtW tbt vspa cUtq;fis cgfuzq;fspd;wp tiuthu;.

(RahjPdkhf ifahy;)


fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • NfhLfisg; gad;gLj;jp jscUtq;fs; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

• xOq;fw;w kw;Wk; xOq;fhd js cUtq;fis cgfuzq;fspd;wp tiuthu;.

• xOq;fw;w kw;Wk; xOq;fhd tbtq;fspd; Nru;khdk; %yk;

vspikahd cUtq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

• nghUj;jkhd nkd;nghUnshd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp vspikahd

cUtq;fs; tiuthu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : cgfuzq;fspd;wp vspikahf cUtq;fs; tiuNthk;.

ntt;NtW tbt vspikahd cUtq;fshNyNa #oy; cUthfpAs;sJ. kdpjdpd; Mf;fq;fSs;

ngUk;ghyhdit Neu;NfhLfshYk; tisNfhLfshYkhdit vd;gijAk; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.

Neu;NfhLfisAk; tisNfhLfisAk; gad;gLj;jp> xOq;fhd tbtKila js cUtq;fis>

cgfuzq;fspd;wp (RahjPdkhf ifahy;) tiuayhk;.

cgfuzq;fspd;wp tiue;j xOq;fhd kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w js cUtq;fspd; Nru;khdk; %yk;

jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ijj; njhlu;ghlj;jf;f vspikahd jscUtq;fis cUthf;Fk; jpwid

toq;FtNj ,jd;%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

• gz;ilf;fhyk; Kjy; njhlu ;ghlw ; fUkq;fSf;fhf gy;NtW Kiwfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;lNjhL> FwpaPLfSk;> ,yr;rpidfSk; mtw;Ws; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg;

ngw;wd vd;gJ Fwpj;J khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

• nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ahNjDnkhU nra;jpia khztUf;F njhlu;ghLq;fs;.

• NkNy gad;gLj;jpa nrhw;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf cUtnkhd;wpidg; gad;gLj;jp

mr;nra;jpiaj; njhlu;ghl KbAk; vd;gij khztu;f;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.

• tFg;giwr; Rw;wg;Gwj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; jstbtq;fisj; Njbawpe;J mtw;iwj; jscUtq;fshf

(,Ugupkhz cUtq;fs;) cgfuzq;fspd;wp tiuAkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> Neu;NfhLfisNah tisNfhLfisNah>

mtw;wpd; Nru;khdj;ijNah gad;gLj;j vspikahd cUtq;fis cgfuzq;fspd;wp

FwpaPLfshf tiua topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• khztu; tiue;j jscUtq;fspypUe;J> Neu; NfhLfs; kw;Wk; tisNfhLfis (tpw;fs;)

,dq;fhz topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• jhtu ,iyfisAk;> G+ ,jo;fisAk; cgfuzq;fspd;wp tiua topg;gLj;jp> mj;js

cUtq;fis> ve;jnthU xOq;fhd cUt tifapDk; mlf;f KbahJ vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;. mit xOq;fw;w jscUtq;fs; vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• tl;lq;fs; my;yJ tl;lj;jpd; gFjpfs; mlq;fpapUj;jy;.

• gy;Nfhzpfis (Kf;Nfhzp> nrt;tfk;> mWNfhzp) cs;slf;fpa js cUtq;fisg;

gad;gLj;JkhW khztiu topg;gLj;jp mtw;iw xOq;fhd cUtq;fSs; mlf;fyhk;

vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

• nghUj;jkhdthW khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp xOq;fhd jsTUtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp>

cgfuzq;fspd;wpf; FwpaPLfs; tiua topg;gLj;Jf.

• FwpaPL vd;gJ> nra;jpfisAk; topfhl;ly;fisAk; njhlu;ghLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;

vspikahd cUtq;fshFk;. mjw;fhf cjhuzkhf> ngz; cUtq;fs;> Mz;

cUtq;fs;> tPjpr; iriffs; tiujy; (,izg;G 10.1.1 I ,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.)

mtw;wpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf FOf;fspd; ftdj;ijj; jpUg;Gq;fs;.

54

• gy;NtW epWtdq;fs; jkJ epWtdq;fspdJk; tzpf cw;gj;jpfspdJk; jdpj;Jtj;ijf;

fhl;Ltjw;fhf xOq;fhd (Nfj;jpufzpj) xOq;fw;w js cUtq;fspd; Nru;khdj;jpdhyhd

,yr;rpid (Logo)fisg; (,izg;G 10.1.2) gad;gLj;Jfpd;wikia tpsf;Fq;fs;.

(,yr;rpid vd;gJ jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ijj; njhlu;ghLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; cUtkhFk;)

• ghlrhiyapd; ntt;NtW gpupTfspd; nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; Njitahd ,yr;rpidfis>

xOq;fhd kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w jstbtq;fspd; Nru;khdj;ijf;nfhz;L tiuAkhW


• khztu; cUthf;fpa FwpaPLfs; kw;Wk; ,yr;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J

tpsf;fkspg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis toq;Fq;fs;. Fwpj;j Mf;fq;fspd;

gy;tifikia kjpg;gpLtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;...

mjpgUf;F mwptpj;J fzpdp Ma;T$lg; nghWg;ghrpupaupd; cjtpAld; fzpdp

Ma;T$lj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Neuj;ij xJf;fpg; ngw;W gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf

khztiuj; Njlypy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• tPL> Nkhl;lhu; thfdk;> irif cUtq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw tiutjw;fhf> Neu;NfhLfisAk;

tisNfhLfisAk; gad;gLj;jp> Nfj;jpu fzpj cUtq;fisf;nfhz;L tiua KbAk;

vd;gij tpsf;fp nghUj;jkhdthW ghlj;ij Muk;gpAq;fs;.

• khztiuf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J fzpdpfspd;ghy; topg;gLj;jp> fzpdpapd; ,af;fj;ijj;

njhlq;FkhW (start) topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• Paint nkd;nghUisj; jpwg;gjw;fhf

• Start à All Programs à Accessories à Paint 'fpspf;" nra;f. fzpdpj;jpiu kPJ

fhl;rpaspf;Fk; Paint kPJ ,uz;L jlit 'fpspf;" nra;f.

• Paint nkd;nghUspd; gpujhd rhsuj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhfTk;

mtw;wpdhy; nra;aj;jf;f njhopy;fisAk; Njbawpjy;.

• Nkw;gb rhsuj;jpy; cs;s me;je;j rl;lfj;jpy; ^Frame& cs;s me;je;j gFjpapd; (rpwpa

cUtq;fspd;) kPJ Rl;biaf;Mouse& nfhz;L nrd;W> fz Neuk; itj;jpUf;Fk;NghJ mg;gFjpapd;

ngau; fhl;rpaspf;Fkhifahy; mjd; %yk; mt;tg;gFjpapd; ngau;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;.

• gad;gLj;jpa gpuNjrj;jpd; ^Painting Area& kPJ cUf;fs; tiujy;.

• fUtpr;rl;lfj;jpy; Tools Frame& ,Ue;J ngd;rpy; Pencil&" mopg;ghd; Eraser& " epwk; epuk;gp Fill with color&"

vOj;JUf;fs; Text&> epwg;nghWf;fp Color picker& gFjpfisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;tjhy; mit capu;g;gilAk;

vd;gijAk; mg;NghJ mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gijAk; gad;gLj;Jk; tpjj;ijAk; Njbawpjy;.

• Image Frame ,d; kPJ cs;s gFjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f gFjpapd; kPJ

tiuag;gl;Ls;s glj;ij my;yJ mjd; xU gFjpiaj; njupT nra;jy;. Select& mt;thW

njupTnra;j gFjpapd; msit khw;wpaikj;jy;. Resize& Njitahd jpirapy; Row;Wjy;. Rotate&

• Clipboard Frame ,Ds; cs;s gFjpapd;%yk; njupTnra;j cUtg;gFjpia kPz;Lk;

kPz;Lk; gpujpnra;jy;. ^CopyàPaste&

• Shape Frame ,d;kPJ cs;s gFjp%yk; ntt;NW jstbtq;fisg; ngWk; tpjj;ijAk;>

mj;js tbtq;fspDs; cs;s epwj;ij ^Fill& khw;Wjy;. tpspk;Gfspd; epwj;ij

^Outline& khw;Wjy;.

• Color Frame ,dhy;> Njitg;gLk; epwj;ijj; njupTnra;J tiuag;gl;l cUtq;fis

epwe;jPl;Ljy;.

• gy;NtW xOq;fhd> xOq;fw;w jsTUtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; Gupa

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

^Copy, Paste j; Jizahff; nfhs;SkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;&

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; #

• ntt;NtW jstbtq;fs;> epakkhd FwpaPLfs;> ,yr;rpidfs;

• ,iy tiffs;> kyu; tiffs;

• ,izg;G : 10.1.1 ; 10.1.1

• fzpdp Ma;T$lk; (fzpdp trjp cs;sjhapd;)

55

fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk; #

• Neu;NfhLfisAk; tisNfhLfisAk;(tpw;fs;) Nru;khdk; nra;J> jscUtq;fis

cgfuzq;fspd;wpAk; ,yj;jpudpay; cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jpAk; tiujy;.

• Nfj;jpu fzpj js cUtq;fisr; Nru;khdQ; nra;J> njhlu;ghlYf;fhf FwpaPLfisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.

• cgfuzq;fspd;wpNah> ,yj;jpudpay; cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jpNah tiue;j xOq;fw;w

js cUtq;fis gilg;ghf;fj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• Nfj;jpu fzpj kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w jstbtq;fisr; Nru;khdk; nra;tjd; %yKk;

Ntwhf;Ftjd; %yKk;> njhlu;ghlYf;fhd ,yr;rpidfis cgfuzq;fspd;wpAk;

,yj;jpudpay; cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jpAk; tiujy;.


• Neu;NfhL • ,yr;rpid • tisNfhL

• jsTUtk; • FwpaPL

,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G 10'1'1


56

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 10'0 ( Mf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahdMf;fnkhd;wpd; moif Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vspikahd

Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.Nfhyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 10'2 ( tbtikg;Gf;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhf jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; ::::: 0 40 40 40 40 4

fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • ntt;NtW jstbtq;fisr; Nru;g;gjd;%yk; vspikahd

tbtikg;Gf;fis (designs) Mf;Fthu;.

• NjitfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW vspikahd cilfis Mf;fp

Kd;itg;ghu;.

• vs pikahd cil Mf ;f tbtikg ; Gf ; fSf ;f hf

jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ntt;NtW

Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tbtikg;Gf;fs; Mf;FNthk;.jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tbtikg;Gf;fs; Mf;FNthk;.jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tbtikg;Gf;fs; Mf;FNthk;.jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tbtikg;Gf;fs; Mf;FNthk;.jstbtq;fisAk; epwq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tbtikg;Gf;fs; Mf;FNthk;.

tbtikg ; Gf ; fis Mf ;FjyhdJ ( Fashion Designing) cyf py ; Ju pjkhf

tpUj;jpaile;JtUk; xU njhopDl;gj;JiwahFk;. ,jw;fhf> jpl;lq;fis mikj;jy;>

Fwpj;j jstbtq;fSf;F epw%l;ly;> nghUj;jkhd Ntiyg;ghLfis mikj;jy; Nghd;wit

njhlu;ghf khztuJ ftdj;ijj; jpUg;GtJ mtrpakhFk;. ghlrhiy khztu;f;F>

vspikahd Mf;fq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd jstbtq;fis tiujy;> ntl;Ljy;> epw%l;Ljy;>

cilfSf;fhd vspikahd tbtikg;Gf;fisg; gpuNahfj;jy; Mfpad njhlu;ghd

mDgq;fis cs;slf;fpa njhlf;fj;ij mjhtJ mZFKiwia toq;FtNj

,j;Nju;r;rpkl;lj;jpy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

• 'ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk;" ghlj;Jiwapy; ntt;NtW ghj;jpuq;fisf; fhl;Ltjw;fhfg;

gad;gLj;jg ;gLk; (ntt;NtW Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fis ,yFthf

,dq;fhzj;jf;fjhf) KbTg;nghUs;fs; Milazpfs; myq;fhuq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

• KbTg; nghUs;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUs;fs; vit?

• ,e;j Mf;fq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l jstbtq;fs; vit?

• Mf;fq;fspy; moif / ftu;r;rpia gy;tifj;jd;ikia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Kiwfs; ahit?

11111 • nra;jpj;jhl; fljhrpapdhy; Mf;fg;gl;l xU njhg;gpia tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• mjpy; mlq;fpAs;s Nfj;jpufzpj jstbtq;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F khztu;f;F cjtp

GupAq;fs;.

• fljhrpj;jhspdhy; Mf;fg;gl;l njhg;gpfisf; FOTf;F xd;whfg; gfpu;e;jspj;J

mj;njhg;gpfis mtjhdpf;fr; re;ju;g;gkspj;J mjid tpupj;J> kbg;Gfs; ,lg;gl;Ls;s

tpjj;ijj; Njbawpar; re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.

• gUkl;lhd glq;fis thrpj;J tpsq;fp jug;gl;Ls;s ntt;NtW epwf;fljhrpfisg;

gad;gLj;jp> njhg;gpnahd;W Mf;FkhW khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (,izg;G 10.2.1)

• Njitg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nra;Jfhl;Ltjd; %yk; khztu;f;F Mu;t%l;Lq;fs;.

• nra;jpj;jhs; fljhrpapdhy; Mf;fg;gl;l njhg;gpapdJk; khztu; Mf;fpa njhg;gpfspdJk;

gy;tifikia mjhtJ> epwk;> ftu;r;rp Nghd;w ,ay;Gfis ntspf;nfhzUq;fs;.

22222 • njhg;gpapd; ftu;r;rpia NkYk; mjpfupg;gjw;fhd gpNuuizfis khzt&lhf

ntspf;nfhzUtjw;fhfj; Njlypy; <LgLjy;. (Nfhyq;fs; ,Ljy;> Ntiyg;ghLfs;

,Ljy; Nghd;w fUj;Jf;fis khzt&lhf ntspf;nfhzu;f)

• fhfnkhd;wpd; cUit mikf;f Ntz;ba re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rpwFfSf;Fj; Njitahd

jsTUf;fis tiue;J ntl;bnaLj;J cilapd; iffspd; topNa nghUj;jy;.

57

• fljhrpf; fPynkhd;iw vLj;J> mjpy; gy;NtW tbtKila rpwpa jstbtf;

Nfhynkhd;iwf; Fwpj;jy;. mr;rpWrpW jstbtq;fis ePf;fp> xU Fwpj;j Nfhyj;jpy;

Ntiyg;ghLfs; ,Ljy;.

• Ntiyg;ghLfis cs;slf;fpa Mf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp ntt;NtW Ntiyg;ghLfs;

,ly;. (,izg;G 10.2.2)

• mt;thwhd Ntiyg;ghLfisf; nfhz;L njhg;gpapd; moif mjpfupj;jy;.

33333 • cilfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vspikahd tbtikg;Gfs; njhlu;ghf khztuJ

ftdj;ij <u;j;J mt;thwhd tbtikg;Gf;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhf khztiuj; Njlypy;

<LgLj;Jjy;.

• Kd;itj;j tbtikg;Gf;fisf;nfhz;l jstbtq;fis fljhrpapy; / Jzpapy; tiue;J

fhl;Ljy;.

• Njitg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; epwe;jPl;ly;.

44444 • cilfSf;F mo$l;Ltjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; ijay; Kiwfis ,dq;fhZtjw;fhf

khztiuj; Njlypy; <LgLj;jy;.

• ntt;NtW cilfis epw %l;b moFgLj;Jtjw;fhfg; Gs;sbj;ijay;> rq;fpypj;ijay;>

fk;gspj;ijay; Nghd;wtw;iw xU Nfhykhf (,izg;G 10.2.3) ,Ltjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

,lq;fis khztuJ gpNuuizfspd; Clhf cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;.

55555 • epwj;Jzpj;Jz;Lfisg; gad;gLj;jp> nghUj;jkhd tbtikg;Gf;fis Mf;FkhW

khztiuj; Njlypy; <LgLJjy;.

• mt;tbtikg;Gf;fis> ijaw; Nfhyq;fs; %yk; cilfSld; ,izj;jy; my;yJ

Jzpg; gir ^Fabric glue& nfhz;L xl;Ljy;.

• ntt;NtW jstbq;fisf; nfhz;l cUtiujfLfis (Stencil) Mf;fpf; nfhs;sy;.

(,izg;G 10.2.5)

• cUtiu jfl;ilg;gad;gLj;jp nghUj;jkhd epwq;fisf;nfhz;L cilfspy;

epwe;jPl;Ljy;.

• tbtikg;Gf;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpa jstbtq;fs;> epwr; Nru;khdq;fs;>

fpilf;fg;gngw;w mDgtq;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;Jj; Njitahd trjpfis

khztUf;F toq;Ff.


• ,izg;Gf;fs; ^10'2'1" 10'2'2" 10'2'3" 10'2'4" 10'2'5&

• epwf;fljhrpfs;

• ijay; Crpfs;> ntt;NtW epw E}y;fs;

• epwj;jPl;Ltjw;Fj; Njitahd epwq;fs; (Fabric Paint)

• cUtiu jfL (Stencil) ntl;Ltjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd vf;]; fjpu;j;jhs;fs; (X-ray

films) CLfhl;bfs; my;yJ fhl;Nghu;l;


• jstbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fG+u;tkhd vspikahd KbTg;nghUs;fis Mf;Fjy;.

• ftu;r;rpia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf Ntiyg;ghLfisg; gpuNahfpj;jy;.

• Njitf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW jstbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp> vspikahd cilfis

Mf;Fjy;.

• Njitahd jstbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp> cUtiujfL(Stencil) jahupj;jy;.

• KbTg;nghUs;fspd; ftu;r;rpia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf> ntt;NtW epwq;fs;> ijay; Kiwfs;>

epwj;jPl;ly;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;.


• tbtikg;Gf;fs; Mf;fy; • jsTU tbtq;fs;

• nrJf;F Ntiy • cUtiu jfL

58


^1&' nra;jpj;jhs; fljhrpnahd;wpid vLj;J ^2&' ,lJifia itj;J tyJ ifapdhy;

mjid ,uz;lhf kbAq;fs;' jdp,jio cau;j;jp kbAq;fs;

^3&' kbj;j gpd;du; ,t;thW fhl;rpaspf;Fk;

^4&' ,uz;L gf;fq;fisAk; xNutpjkhf

kbAq;fs;

^5&' kWGwe;jpUg;gp itj;J ,uz;L gf;fq;fisAk; kbAq;fs;

^6&' Xuj;jpd; miuthrpia (7) kw;iwa Xuj;ijAk; mt;thNw (8) fljhrp fpopahjthW

Nky;Nehf;fp kbAq;fs; kbAq;fs; Xuj;ij kPz;Lk; xU

jlit Nky;Nehf;fp

kbAq;fs;


rpj;jpuTU nrJf;fy; ,Ljy;rpj;jpuTU nrJf;fy; ,Ljy;rpj;jpuTU nrJf;fy; ,Ljy;rpj;jpuTU nrJf;fy; ,Ljy;rpj;jpuTU nrJf;fy; ,Ljy;

59


Gs;sbj; ijay;Gs;sbj; ijay;Gs;sbj; ijay;Gs;sbj; ijay;Gs;sbj; ijay; rq;fpypj; ijay;rq;fpypj; ijay;rq;fpypj; ijay;rq;fpypj; ijay;rq;fpypj; ijay; fk;gspj; ijay;fk;gspj; ijay;fk;gspj; ijay;fk;gspj; ijay;fk;gspj; ijay;


jsTU tbtq;fs;jsTU tbtq;fs;jsTU tbtq;fs;jsTU tbtq;fs;jsTU tbtq;fs;


jsTUt cUtiujfLfs;jsTUt cUtiujfLfs;jsTUt cUtiujfLfs;jsTUt cUtiujfLfs;jsTUt cUtiujfLfs;

ijaw; Nfhyq;fs;

60

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp 11'0 ( cUtj;Njhw;wj;ij tiuAk;NghJ khjpupAUf;fs; Mf;Fk;NghJk;cUtj;Njhw;wj;ij tiuAk;NghJ khjpupAUf;fs; Mf;Fk;NghJk;cUtj;Njhw;wj;ij tiuAk;NghJ khjpupAUf;fs; Mf;Fk;NghJk;cUtj;Njhw;wj;ij tiuAk;NghJ khjpupAUf;fs; Mf;Fk;NghJk;cUtj;Njhw;wj;ij tiuAk;NghJ khjpupAUf;fs; Mf;Fk;NghJk;

mtw;Wf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mtw;Wf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mtw;Wf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mtw;Wf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mtw;Wf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; 11'1 ( vspikahd nghUnshd;wpd; mbg;gilahd jstbtq;fs;

ntspg;gLkhW gUkl;lhd glq;fs; tiue;J mtw;wpd;%yk; Kg;gupkhz

cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; ( 0 40 40 40 40 4

fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs; ( • vspikahd nghUs;fspd; gUkl;lhd cUtq;fs; tiuthu;.

• ntt;NtW tbtKila vspikahd nghUs;fspd; ,Ugupkhzj;

Njhw;wq;fis tiuthu;.

• vspikahd nghUs;fspd; Kg;gupkhzj; Njhw;wj;ij tiutjw;fhf

Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.


nghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;Gnghopg ;G : : : : : vspikahd nghUl;fspd; Njhw;wq;fis tiuNthk;.

,aw;ifahd gilg;Gf;fisAk; kdpjdhy; Mf;fg;gl;l rfy Mf;fq;fisAk; NjbahAk;

NghJ> mit vy;yhtw;wpYk; gy;NtW jstbtq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sikia tpsq;fpf;nfhs;syhk;. Mf;fq;fis

Mf;Ftjw;fhf jstbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ ntspiar; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; (Space saving

techniques) jpwid tpUj;jpnra;J nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;. ,t;thwhd rpy jstbtq;fis Muha;e;J>

rJuf;Nfhl;Lj;jhisg; gad;gLj;jp ,Ugupkhzg;glq;fisAk;> Gs;spj;jhaf;fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;jp

Kg;gupkhzg;glq;fisAk; fl;bnaOg;Gk; jpwidg; ngWtJ ,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;NjhL ,e;j

Mf;fq;fSf;fhfr; nrythFk; tsq;fisr; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk; gRik tbtikg;ghsu;

(Green Designer) Mtjw;fhd mbg;gilahd mbj;jhsj;ij cUthf;FtJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

• Nrfupj;j gy;NtW nghjpAiwfis mtjhdpf;FkhW khztiu topg;gLj;jp>

nghUj;jkhdthW ghlj;ij Muk;gpj;J gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd;ghy; ftdj;ijj; jpUg;Gq;fs;.

• nghjpAiwfspy; nghUj;jkhd mstPLfs;. mjhtJ ePsk;> mfyk;> cauk; ,Uj;jy;.

• nghjpAiwfspy; ntt;NtW Nfj;jpufzpj jstbtq;fs; mlq;fpapUj;jy;.

• nghjpAiwg; ngl;bia Mf;Fk;NghJ xl;Ltjw;fhd xl;LtpLntsp tplg;gl;bUj;jy;>

%Ltjw;fhf ntt;NtW Kiwfs; ifahsg;gl;bUj;jy;.

• ntt;NtW tifahd jstbtq;fisf;nfhz;l nghjpAiwg; ngl;bfis xl;L tpspk;gpd;

topNa tpupf;FkhW khztu;f;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

• nghwpAiwg; ngl;bia tpupj;jgpd;du; mjd; js cUtj;ij (tpupit) Muha

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• js cUtj;Jf;Fj; jbg;G fpilahJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. NkNy ,dq;fz;l

jscUtj;ij cgfuzq;fspd;wp tiua topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• ,izg;G 11.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s nghjpAiwg;ngl;bfspd; cUtq;fis Muha topg;gLj;Jq;fs;

mg;nghjpAiwg; ngl;bfspy; tiuag;gl;Ls;s jscUtq;fis Muha topg;gLj;jp> mj;js

cUtq;fis rJuf;Nfhl;Lj;jhspy; gUkl;lhd glq;fshf> ghu;j;J tiuaj; J}z;b Njlypy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

• nghjpAiwia mikg;gjw;fhf> kbg;G tpspk;Gfs; ,lg;gl;Ls;sikia mtjhdpj;jy;.

• gpd;du;> jk;kplj;Nj cs;s> tpupf;fg;gl;l nghjpAiwapd; jscUtj;ij (tpupit/

,Ugupkhz cUtj;ij) rJuf;Nfhl;Lj;jhspy; tiujy;.

• kbf;f Ntz;ba ,lq;fis KwpNfhl;bdhy; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;.

• Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;L mf;Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspd;

,ay;Gfis ,dq;fhzy;.

• kbg;G tpspk;Gfspd; topNa kPz;Lk; kbj;J xl;L tpspk;Gfis xl;LkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• nghjpAiwg; ngl;bfSf;F ePsKk;> mfyKk;> cauKk; ,Ug;gjhy; Kg;gupkhz cUitg; ngwy;.

• mg;nghjpAiwapd; Kg;gupkhz cUtj;ijg; guprPypj;jy;.

• Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrpia (,izg;G 11.1.2) mwpKfQ; nra;J Kg;gupkhz cUtj;ijg;

Gs;spj; jhaf;fljhrpapy; tiuAkhW khztUf;F topfhl;ly;.

61

• nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpid> ntspapLtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

xU nghjpAiwia> kid myq;fupg;Gf;fhd xU rhbia> Nkilg;gpd;dzpf;fhd Kg;gupkhz cUtq;fis

Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;jp tiua topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ,tw;iw Mf;Ftjw;fhf

• #oy; Neag; nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;>

• rpe;ij ftUk; jd;ik.

• tsq;fisr; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• nghjpAiwfisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk;NghJk;> kid myq;fupg;Gr; rhbfis /

Nkilg;gpd;dzp jstbtq;fis ,lg;gLj;Jk; NghJ milf;fg;gLk; (nrythFk;)

ntspapd; msit ,ad;w msTf;Ff; Fiwj;jy;.

• jahupg;gjw;fhfr; nrythFk; tsq;fisr; rpf;fdg;gLj;Jjy; Mfpa tplaq;fspd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;jy;.

• Mf;fq;fis Mf;Fk;NghJ Nkw;gb tplaq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L nraw;gLtjd;

%yk;> rpWguha KjNy gRik tbtikg;ghsuhf (Green Designer) gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;ayhk; vd;gij khztu;f;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• tsq;fisr; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;jp ntspia kPjg;gLj;jr; (space saving) nra;ag;gl;l

Kg;gupkhz Mf;fq;fis mtw;wpd; tpupTfs; / ,Ugupkhz cUtq;fNshL tFg;gpy;

Kd;itg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis toq;Fq;fs;.


• gy;NtW nghjpnra; ngl;bfs;• rJuf; Nfhl;Lj;jhs;> Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrp• igd;lu; fk;(Binder Gum)> fj;jupf;Nfhy;> mbkl;lk;> fljhrp ntl;Lk; fj;jp (rpwpaJ)

• ,izg;G 11.1.1> ,izg;G 11.1.2


• Nfj;jpufzpj jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;L tptupj;jy;.

• nt;tNtW jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;l nghjpnra; ngl;bfis tpupj;Jj; jpwe;J mtw;wpd;jscUtq;fis (tpupit) tiujy;.

• Nfj;jpufzpj jstbtq;fis xd;wpizg;gjd;%yk; nghjpnra; ngl;bfs; Mf;Fjy;.• Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;jp Kg;gupkhz cUtq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.

• Mf;fq;fs; nra;tjw;fhf #oy; Neag; nghUs;fisj; njupTnra;J nfhs;sy;.


• cUtj; Njhw;wq;fs;> ,Ugupkhz cUtk;> Kg;gupkhz cUtk;> nghjpAiw


62

,izg;G: ,izg;G: ,izg;G: ,izg;G: ,izg;G: 11'1'2Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrp\Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrp\Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrp\Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrp\Gs;spj;jhaf; fljhrp\

63

3.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;3.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;3.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;3.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;3.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;

3.1. mwpKfk;3.1. mwpKfk;3.1. mwpKfk;3.1. mwpKfk;3.1. mwpKfk;

gpd;tUk; gd;Kfj;jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf khztu;fSf;Fr;

re;ju;g;gspf;fg;gLfpd;wik ‘nra;Kiwj;jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fSk;’ ghlj;jpd;

rpwg;gpay;GfSs; xd;whFk;.

• gy;NtW njhopDl;gg;gug;GfSf;Fupa njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fs;

• nkd;jpwd;fs; (Generic/ Soft Skills)

• ey;y Ntiyg; gof;fq;fs;

• kdg;ghq;Ffs;

Nkw;gb jpwd;fisAk; elj;ij tPr ;irAk; vOj;Jr; Nrhjid %yNkh>

tha;nkhopr;Nrhjid %yNkh khj;jpuk; msg;gJ NghJkhdjy;y. vdNt mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tJk; mf;fUtpfisr; rupahfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd re;ju;g;gq;fis ,dq;fhz;gJk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. vdNt khztu;fs;

nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mjhtJ fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nra;Kiw

epfOk;NghJ mtjhdpj;J mtu;fsJ jpwd;fis mse;jwptjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Xu; mupa tha;g;ghf ,jidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL vd;gd> ,uz;L tpjq;fspy; khztuJ jpwd;fis mse;jwpar;

re;ju;g;gkspf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd ,uz;L nray;fshFk;. ,UNtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk;

,uz;L nray;fshf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mt;tpuz;L nray;fSf;FkpilNa ey;y njhlu;G

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ ntw;wpfukhf ,lk;ngw;w fzpg;gPl;bD}lhf ey;y kjpg;gPl;bd;ghy;

nry;tjw;fhd nry;thf;F Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwapd;NghJ cj;Njr

fw;ww;NgWfspd;ghy; khztiu Kd;Ndhf;fpf;nfhz;L nry;Yk; xU fUtpahff; fzpg;gPl;ilAk;

kjpg;gPl;ilAk; ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tJ nghUj;jkhdJ.

6 Me;juj;Jf;nfd cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU nraw;ghl;bYk; fzpg;gPL epfo;tNjhL>

mjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jNtz;ba re;ju;g;gq;fisr; rupahf ,dq;fz;L nfhs;sy; Mrpupaupd;

nghWg;ghFk;. mjhtJ mwpT> jpwd;> kdg;ghq;Ffs; njhlu;ghff; fhl;Lk; elj;ij rhu;e;j

re;ju;g;gq;fis Neufhyj;Jld; fz;lwptJ Fwpj;Jj; njhlu;r;rrpahf tpspg;Gld; ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lnkd;gNj ,jd; %yk; fUjg;gLtjhFk;. nraw;ghl;Lf;Fupa fzpg;gPl;L epakq;fspD}lhf

khztu;fs; xUtpj mstplYf;F cs;shtu;.

nraw;ghLfSf;fikar; rpwg;ghd rpy kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs; / Ngjq;fs; %yk;

khztu;fsJ jpwd;fs; guprPypf;fg;gLk;. nrayilTg; gj;jpuk;> nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfs;>

Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;> Mfpa kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp 6 Me;juj;jpy; mtu;fis

kjpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ njhlu;ghd tptuq;fs; mLj;Jj;

jug;gl;Ls;sNjhL> kjpg;gPl;Lg;Ngjq;fSf;fhd khjpup kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfSk; xt;nthd;W

tPjk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thwhf> kw;iwa kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfisj; Njitf;Nfw;gj;

jahupj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; Mrpupau;;fSf;F cz;L.

64

ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs;

juk; -6 nra;Kiwj;jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj;jpwd;fSk; ghlj;Jf;fhfg; G+u;j;jp nra;a Ntz;ba

ghlrhiykl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfspd; vz;zpf;if fPNo ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpg; Ngjq;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpg; Ngjq;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpg; Ngjq;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpg; Ngjq;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpg; Ngjq;fs;

1. nrayilTf; Nfhit1. nrayilTf; Nfhit1. nrayilTf; Nfhit1. nrayilTf; Nfhit1. nrayilTf; Nfhit

ahNjDk; nraw;ghl;ilr; nra;a Kd;du; mjidj;jpl;lkpLk; NghJk; mr;nraw;ghl;by; <LgLk;

NghJk; mJ njhlu;ghd jfty;fs;> glq;fs;> Fwpg;Gf;fs;> nraw;ghl;ilr; nra;Ak;NghJ vjpu;nfhz;l

gpur;rpidfs;> mtw;iw ntw;wp nfhz;l tpjk; Nghd;wd khjpupg;gj;jpunkhd;wpy; vOjp itf;fg;gLk;.

,J nrayilTg; gj;jpuk; vdg;gLk;. nrayilTg; gj;jpuq;fspd; jpul;Nl nrayilTf;Nfhit

vdg;gLfpwJ. Njitahd ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; jhk; <Lgl;l nraw;ghL njhlu;ghd

jfty;fisAk; tptuq;fisAk; Fwpg;Gf;fisAk; kPs Nehf;fj;jf;f xU fw;wy; rhjdk; vd;w

tifapYk; ,r;nrayilTf;Nfhit Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. fzpg;gPl;Lf;fhfj; jtiznahd;Wf;Ff;

Fiwe;jgl;rk; 5 nrayilTg; gj;jpuq;fNsDk; Nfhitg;gLj;jg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Mz;bWjpapy;

G+uzkhd xU nrayilTf; Nfhitahf ,J kjpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;.

2. nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid2. nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid2. nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid2. nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid2. nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid

,J> khztd; me;je;jg; ghlg;gug;gpy; fw;w njhopDl;g mwpitAk; tpsf;fj;ijAk;

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L toq;fg;gl;l nraw;ghL njhlu;ghd xU NrhjidahFk;.

,r;Nrhjidapd;NghJ Nfhl;ghLfs;> vz;zf;fUf;fs;> El;Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp

ahNjDnkhd;iw Mf;Fk; jpwNd guprPyidf;Fs;shFk;. xU gug;gpw;fhf xU Nrhjid

tPjk; Mz;bDs; Ie;J gug;GfSf;fhf Ie;J(5) nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. khztd; cau; Nju;r;rpkl;lj;ij vl;ba %d;W(3) Nrhjidfspd; Gs;spfis

khj;jpuk; ,Wjpg;Gs;spiaf; fzpg;gjw;fhfj; njupT nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;3. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;3. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;3. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;3. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;

khztuJ Mf;fj;jpwd;fis tpUj;jpnra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhfNt ,k;kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

khztu;fsJ RahjPdkhd vz;zq;fisj; jl;bnaOg;gpg; Gjpa tpjj;jpy; rpe;jpf;fTk; nraw;glTk;

Njitahd tha;g;G ,jd; %yk; fpilf;Fk;. GJikg;ghLila Gjpa Mf;fnkhd;wpid Mf;Fjy;>

ghtidg; nghUnshd;Wld; ahNjDnkhd;iwg ; Gjpjhfr ; Nru ;j ;jy ; my;yJ

mg;ghtidg;gnghUspypUe;J ahNjDnkhd;iw ePf;Fjy; %yk; nra;Ak; ahNjDk; khw;wk;> Fiwe;j

nryTld; nra;a tpidjpwd; kpf;f Kiwapay;fisf; fz;lwpjy;> gad;gLj;jpf; fopf;fg;gl;l

nghUs;fis kPsg;gad;gLj;jYf;fhff; ifahz;L ghu;j;jy;fs; Nghd;wit ,jw;fhd rpy

cjhuzq;fshFk;. ghlj;jpd; %yk; fw;w njhopDl;g mwpitg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpl;lk; tFj;jy;>

tptuf;$w;Wf;fisj; jahupj;Jf;nfhs;sj; Njitahd nghUl;fisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk;

njupTnra;J nfhs;sy;> Njitahd cj;jpfs; - Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fj;jpy; <LgLjy;>

mtw;iwg; nghUj;jkhdthW Kd;itj;jy; Nghd;wit ,jw;fhd nghUj;jkhd gbKiwfshFk;.

rfy gug;Gf;fSk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLk; tifapy; Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mtw;Ws; cau; Nju;r;rpkl;lj;ij ntspf;fhl;ba %d;W (3) Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfspd; Gs;spfis

khj;jpuk;> Mz;bWjpapy;> ,Wjpg;Gs;spiaf; fzpg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

%d;whe;

jtiznkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;

1

1

1

3

ghlrhiykl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ghlrhiykl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ghlrhiykl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ghlrhiykl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ghlrhiykl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp Kjyhe;

jtiz

,uz;lhe;

jtiz

1. nrayilTf; Nfhit

2. nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid

3. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;

nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

3

3

3

3

9

65

nrayilTg; gj;jpuk;nrayilTg; gj;jpuk;nrayilTg; gj;jpuk;nrayilTg; gj;jpuk;nrayilTg; gj;jpuk;

jukjukjukjukjuk; : ..................................... njhopDl;gg; gug;GnjhopDl;gg; gug;GnjhopDl;gg; gug;GnjhopDl;gg; gug;GnjhopDl;gg; gug;G: .............................................

nraw;ghL nraw;ghL nraw;ghL nraw;ghL nraw;ghL / ,y ,y ,y ,y ,y : .............................................

jpfjpjpfjpjpfjpjpfjpjpfjp : ..................................... njhlf;fk;njhlf;fk;njhlf;fk;njhlf;fk;njhlf;fk; .......................................... tiutiutiutiutiu

1. jpl;lk; (nrhw;fspy; 1. jpl;lk; (nrhw;fspy; 1. jpl;lk; (nrhw;fspy; 1. jpl;lk; (nrhw;fspy; 1. jpl;lk; (nrhw;fspy; / glq;fshf) glq;fshf) glq;fshf) glq;fshf) glq;fshf)

2. nra;Kiwapd; gbKiwfs; 2. nra;Kiwapd; gbKiwfs; 2. nra;Kiwapd; gbKiwfs; 2. nra;Kiwapd; gbKiwfs; 2. nra;Kiwapd; gbKiwfs; / xOq;FKiw xOq;FKiw xOq;FKiw xOq;FKiw xOq;FKiw

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

3. Njitahd nghUs;fs;3. Njitahd nghUs;fs;3. Njitahd nghUs;fs;3. Njitahd nghUs;fs;3. Njitahd nghUs;fs;

nghUs;nghUs;nghUs;nghUs;nghUs; msTmsTmsTmsTmsT nghUs;nghUs;nghUs;nghUs;nghUs; msTmsTmsTmsTmsT

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

4. Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; 4. Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; 4. Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; 4. Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; 4. Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; / fUtpfs; fUtpfs; fUtpfs; fUtpfs; fUtpfs; / ghtidg;nghUl;fs; ghtidg;nghUl;fs; ghtidg;nghUl;fs; ghtidg;nghUl;fs; ghtidg;nghUl;fs;

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

5. nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ vjpu;nfhz;l5. nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ vjpu;nfhz;l5. nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ vjpu;nfhz;l5. nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ vjpu;nfhz;l5. nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ vjpu;nfhz;l

gpur;rpidfs; / jilfs; fhuzk; jPu;Tfs;

66

6. nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs;6. nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs;6. nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs;6. nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs;6. nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs;

6.1 ,r;nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; ePq;fs; Gjpjhf fw;wit vitNaDk; cs;sdthapd; mtw;iwf;

Fwpg;gpLq;fs;

6.2 ,r;nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf ePq;fs; mjpfk; tpUk;gpa / mjpf Mu;tk; fhl;ba nraNyJk;

cs;sjhapd; mjidf; Fwpg;gpLq;fs;.

6.3 ,r;nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf ePq;fs; NkYk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;ba my;yJ tpUj;jp

nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;ba jpwd;fis vit?

6.4 ,r;nraw;ghl;bd;%yk; ngw;w mDgtq;fis Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;L ePq;fs; Gjpjhfr;

nra;aj;jf;f VNjDk; cs;sjhapd; mjidf; Fwpg;gpLq;fs;.

khztd; Fiwe;jgl;r milTkl;lj;ijNaDk; milar; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd

gpd;D}l;liy toq;FtJk; milT kl;lj;ij mile;j khztu;f;F NkYk; Kd;Ndwpr;

nra;tjw;fhd Mw;wiy toq;Ftjw;fhf Kd;D}l;ly; toq;FtJk; Mrpupa&lhf

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

............................................................

Mrpupaupd; ifnahg;gk;Mrpupaupd; ifnahg;gk;Mrpupaupd; ifnahg;gk;Mrpupaupd; ifnahg;gk;Mrpupaupd; ifnahg;gk;

67

1. kjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,ykjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,ykjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,ykjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,ykjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,y : 6 (1-6) .1

2. cs;slq;Fk; Nju;;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Nju;;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Nju;;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Nju;;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Nju;;r;rp/Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk;Nju;r;rpkl;lk; : nrayilTg; gj;jpunkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jpr;

nraw ; g hnlhd ;iwj ; j pl ; lk pLk ; kw ;Wk ;

eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; Nju;r;rp.

3. cs;slq;Fk; tplacs;slq;Fk; tplacs;slq;Fk; tplacs;slq;Fk; tplacs;slq;Fk; tpla cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk; : nraw;ghl;Lf;F cupa tpla cs;slf;fk;

4. kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk; : nrayilTf; NfhitnrayilTf; NfhitnrayilTf; NfhitnrayilTf; NfhitnrayilTf; Nfhit

5. kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; : • nraw;ghl;Lf;F> Kd;dhaj;jk; nra;Jnfhs;thu;.

• vjpu ;fhyg; gad;ghl;Lf;fhfr; nraw;ghL

njhlu;ghd jfty;fisAk; glq;fisAk; /

Fwpg;Gf;fisAk; gjpTnra;J itj;jpUg;ghu;.

• k Pz;Lk ; k Pz;Lk ; ifahz;L ghu ;j ;Jf ;

fw;gjw;fhfr; nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ Njhd;wpa

g p u r ; r pidfis / miw$ty ;fis

ntw;wpnfhz;l tpjj;ijg; gjpT nra;J itg;ghu;.

• jkJ fw;ww; fUkq;fis tpUj;jpnra;J

nfhs;tjw;fhfg; ngw;w mDgtq;fisAk;

nra;aj;jf;f Vidatw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpa

Fwpg;Gf;fisf; Nfhitg;gLj;jp itg;gu;.

6. eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;:

6.1 MrpupaUf;FMrpupaUf;FMrpupaUf;FMrpupaUf;FMrpupaUf;F : • ,e ;j kj pg ; g Pl ;Lf ; fUtp njhlu ; ghd t plaq ;fisAk ;

mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; Neufhyj;Jld; ftdkhf thrpj;J tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;tjd; %yk;> ,f;fUkj;ij khztiuf;nfhz;L ,yFthf

eilKiwg;gLj;jyhk; vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• nraw;ghl;il Muk;gpf;Fk; jpdj;Jf;F Kd;du; xU jpdj;jpy; Fwpj;j

khjpupg;gj;jpuj;ij toq;fp> Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fisAk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

• tpla cs;slf;fj;Jf;Fupa> cj;Njrj; Nju;r;rpia cs;slf;Fk;

nraw;ghnlhd;wpidg; gpNuupAq;fs;.

• Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; khjpupg;gj;jpuj;ijg; G+u;j;jpnra;tjw;fhfr;

nraw;ghnlhd;wpidj; jpl;lkpl;L eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Maj;jkhf

tUkhW mwptpAq;fs;.

• khztu;fs;> nraw;ghl;ilg; nra;J Kbj;j gpd;du;> G+u;j;jp nra;a

Ntz;ba nrayilTg; gj;jpuj;ijg; guprPypj;Jf; ifnahg;gkpLq;fs;.

• g pd ;du ; > mjid khztu plk ; k Ps xg ; gilj ;J

Mtzf;Nfhitnahd;w pd ; Kiwikahf ,l;Litf;FkhW

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

6.2 njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;.njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;.njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;.njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;.njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;.

khztUf;F khztUf;F khztUf;F khztUf;F khztUf;F : • nrayilTg;gj;jpu khjpupnahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;

• nrayilTg; gj;jpuj;jpy; ,y:1 njhlf;fk; ,y: 4 tiuapyhd

gFjpfspy; nraw;ghl;il Muk;gpf;f Kd;du;> cq;fsJ Kd;dhaj;jk;

njhlu;ghd jfty;fisf; Fwpg;gpLq;fs;.

• nraw;ghl;bd; Muk;gk; njhlf;fk; ,Wjptiuapyhd nra;Kiwf;F

cupa fUkq;fisj; njhlu;r;rpahfg; gjpTnra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf;

ftdj;jpw;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• ,y: 5 - ,y: 6 Mfpa nray;fisr; nra;Ak;NghJ ePq;fs;

vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfisAk; vjpu;fhy vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fisAk;

ntt;Ntwhf vOJq;fs;.

68

• nrayilTg ; gj ;j p uj ;ijg ; G + u ; j ;j p nra ;J cq ;fsJ

ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupauplk; Kd;itj;Jg; guprPypidf;F cl;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• Mrpupau; / Mrpupia ifnahg;gkpl;l gpd;du;> mjid xU

Mtzf;Nfhitapy; ,l;L itAq;fs;.

6.3 rthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSkrthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSkrthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSkrthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSkrthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;

khztu;f;Fkhztu;f;Fkhztu;f;Fkhztu;f;Fkhztu;f;F : • xOq;FKiwahf Ntiynahd;w pidj; njhlq ;Ftjw ;Fj ;

Jizepw;gjhf ,Uj;jy;.

• gad;kpf;f jfty;> gl / Fwpg;Gf;Nfhitahf ,Uj;jy;.

• Ra newpg;gLj;JifAld; jfty;fSk;> tptuq;fSk; cs;slf;fg;gl;l

xU gj;jpukhf ,Uj;jy;.

epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;

epakq;fs; epakq;fs; epakq;fs; epakq;fs; epakq;fs; Gs;sp toq;Fjy;

Nju;r;rpkl;lj;ij Nju;r;rpkl;lj;ij

milatpy;iy mile;Js;shu;

4 3 2 1

1. Kd;dhaj;jk;> ,ilawhj Kaw;rpAk; Mu;tKk;

(nraw;ghl;il elj;Jk; Ntisapy; mtjhdpf;fyhk;)

2. jfty ; Nrfu pj ; jYk ; mw pf ;ifiaf ;

Nfhitg;gLj;JYk; (Fwpj;j nrayilTg; gj;jpu

mwpf;ifg; gb)

3. gpur;rpid jPu;j;jy;

(nray; milTg;gj;jpuj;jpd; 5 Mk; ,yf;f

tpilAld; njhlu;GilaJ)

4. ngw ;w mDgtq ;fisf ; nfhz ;L NkYk ;

nra;aj;jf;fit (nray; milTg; gj;jpuj;jpd; 6Mk;

,yf;f tpilAld; njhlu;GilaJ)

5. nray; milTf; Nfhitapd; juk; (njspT / nrk;ik/

xOq;F Kiwik / J}a;ik)

69

1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,y1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,y1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,y1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,y1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf;fUtp ,y ::::: 6.6.2 rpj;jpupg;Gj; Jiw

2.02.02.02.02.0 cs;slq;Fk; Njh;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Njh;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Njh;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Njh;r;rpcs;slq;Fk; Njh;r;rp ::::: nghUnshd;wpd; my;yJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd;

gUkl;lhd glk; tiujy;.

3 .03.03.03.03.0 kjpg;gPl;Lg;Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg;Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg;Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg;Ngjk;kjpg;gPl;Lg;Ngjk; ::::: nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid

cs;NsAs;s nghUisf; FwpaPl ;bd; %yk;

ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w nghjpnahd;W

4.04.04.04.04.0 jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs; :::::

• gpup];ly; ml;il> xl;Lg;gir/ igd;lh;

xl;Lg;gir> gir ehlh> gy;NtW epwf;

fljhrpfs;> fj;jupf; Nfhy;> msTNfhy;>

ftuhak;> fljhrp ntl;b

5.05.05.05.05.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;:kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;:kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;:kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;:kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;:

• vspa Nfj;jpu fzpjj; jsTUf;fisf;; nfhz;L

ngl;b xd;wpd; tpupit mikg;gu;;.

• Nfj;jpu fzpjj; jsTUf;fs; %yk; FwpaPLfs;

jahhpg;gu;.

• nghjpAiwfs; jahhpg;gu;.

• nghjpapDs; mlq;fpAs;stw;iwf; FwpaPLfs;

%yk; fhl;Ltu;.

6 .06.06.06.06.0 eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;:eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;:eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;:eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;:eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;:

6.1 MrpupaUf;F:6.1 MrpupaUf;F:6.1 MrpupaUf;F:6.1 MrpupaUf;F:6.1 MrpupaUf;F:

• Mrpupau; topfhl;bapy; Nju;r;rp ,y. 10.1 ,d;

f POs ;s nraw ;ghl ;by ; nrad ;Kiwr ;

Nrhjidapd; jd;ik> kjpg;gPl;L epakq;fs;>

Gs;sptoq;Fk; Kiw vd;gd gw;wp khztu;f;F

mwpT+l;lk; nra;aTk;.

• jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;.

• khztu;fspd; xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;Wf;

FwpaPLfs; xl;lg;gl;Ls;s gy;NtW js

tbtq;fisAila ngl;bfisj; Njbf;

nfhs;sTk;.

• FwpaPLfisf; nfhz;l ngl;bfisf; fhl;rpg;

gLj;jTk;.

• vy;yh khztu;fSf;Fk; gphp];ly; ml;il>

epwf; fljhrp> Njitahd gpw nghUl;fisf;

nfhz;L nghjpAiw Mf;FkhW MNyhrid

toq;fTk;.

• js cUf;fis tiutjw;Fk; NfhLfis

tiutjw;Fk; xl;Lk; fiuia kbj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk;; xl;Ltjw;Fk; Njitahd

nghUl;fs;> cgfuzq;fs;> ,ltrjpfs;

vd;gtw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fTk;..

70

• fPo;tUk; tplaq;fs; gw;wpa jpwd;fisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;fTk;.

• Nfj;jpu fzpjj; js cUf;fspd; %yk;

glj;ij tiujy;.

• Nfj;jpu fzpjj; jsTUf;fspd; gz;Gfis

,dq;fz;L nfhs;sy;.

• ngl;b xd;iwj; jahhpg;gjw;F Kd;du; mjd;

js cUt tpupaiy mikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

• kbf;f Ntz;ba NfhLfspd; topNa kbj;J

xl;lw; fiufis xl;bg; nghjpAiwiaj;

jahupj;jy;.

• vOkhw;whd Kiwapy; Nkw;Fwpg ;g pl ;l

j pwd ;fspy ; VNjDk; xd;W me ;je ;j

khztu;fSf;F xg;gilf;fg;gLk; vdTk;

me;jj; jpwid tFg;giwapd; Kd;dpiyapy;

fhl;rpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mwpTWj;jy;.

• jhk ; jah u p j ; j ng hj pAiwa py ;

mlq;fpAs;stw;iwf; Nfj;jpu fzpjj;

jsTUf;fspdhyh FwpaPLfs; %yk; Fwpg;gpl;L

mJ njhlu;ghf tFg;gpy; tpgupf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd mwptpf;fTk;.

• me;je;j khztUf;Fg; Gs;sp toq;Ftjw;F

Vida khztu;fspd; gq;fspg;G vjpu ;

ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij vLj;Jf; $wTk;.

6.2 khztu;fSf;F:6.2 khztu;fSf;F:6.2 khztu;fSf;F:6.2 khztu;fSf;F:6.2 khztu;fSf;F: • md;whlg; gad;ghl;by; fhzg;gLfpd;w

Fwpa PLfSld; $ba nghjpAiwfis

tFg;Gf;F nfhz;L tUf.

• mtw;wpd; Nfj;jpu fzpj js cUtq;;fisAk;

mtw;wpYs;s gy;NtW FwpaPLfisAk; ed;F

mtjhdpf;Ff.

• rpwpa nghjpAiw xd;wpd; cs;Ns ,lf;$ba

nghUl;fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;sTk;.

• mg;nghUl;fis ,Ltjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

Rw;Wiw xd;wpd; gUkl;lhd glj;ij tiuaTk;.

• gpup];ly; ml;iliaAk; NtW nghUl;fisAk;

cgNahfpj;J> nghjpAiw xd;iwj; jahhpf;fTk;.

• mg;ngl;bapy; mlf;f Ntz;ba nghUl;fis

,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

Nfj;jpu fzpj js cUtq;;fisf;nfhz;L

71

FwpaPnlhd;iw mikf;fTk;.

• mf;FwpaPl;ilg; nghjpAiwapy; xl;lTk;.

• gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp> etPd

cUtikg;Gila nghjpAiw xd;iwj;

jahupf;fTk;.

• Ntiy nra;j NkiriaAk;> cgfuzq;fis

Ak; Rj;jk; nra;aTk;.

epakq;fSk; epakq;fSk; epakq;fSk; epakq;fSk; epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;:Gs;sp toq;FjYk;:Gs;sp toq;FjYk;:Gs;sp toq;FjYk;:Gs;sp toq;FjYk;:nra;Kiwapy; <LgLk;nghOJ gpd;tUk; epakq;fs; njhlh;ghff; ftdk; nrYj;jpf; FOtpy;

cs;s xt;nthU khztiuAk; fzpg;gPL nra;aTk;.

epakq;fs; epakq;fs; epakq;fs; epakq;fs; epakq;fs; 4 3 2 1

1. njhopDl;gtpay;1. njhopDl;gtpay;1. njhopDl;gtpay;1. njhopDl;gtpay;1. njhopDl;gtpay;

rupahd tpupitAk; FwpaPLfisAk; tiue;J nfhs;sy;> cgfuzq;fisr;

rupahfTk; KiwahfTk; gad;gLj;Jjy;> nghjpAiwiaj; jahupj;jy;> Nfj;jpu

fzpjj; js cUtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; FwpaPLfis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sy;.

2. jfty;fSk; njhlu;ghlYk; 2. jfty;fSk; njhlu;ghlYk; 2. jfty;fSk; njhlu;ghlYk; 2. jfty;fSk; njhlu;ghlYk; 2. jfty;fSk; njhlu;ghlYk;

tha;%y mwpTWj;jy;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy;> FwpaPLfspy; cs;s

Nfj;jpu fzpjj; js cUtq;fisg; ngaupLjy;> FwpaPl;bd; mu;j;jj;ij

tpsf;Fjy;> Fwpg;Gf;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

3. ghJfhg;Gk;> #oYk; 3. ghJfhg;Gk;> #oYk; 3. ghJfhg;Gk;> #oYk; 3. ghJfhg;Gk;> #oYk; 3. ghJfhg;Gk;> #oYk;

#oYf;F ghjpg;gpy;yhj nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;J nfhs;sy;> cgfuzg;

gad;ghl;bd;NghJ jk;KilaJk;> gpwuJk; ghJfhg;;Gg; gw;wpf; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.

4. Vida ey;y Ntiyg; gof;fq;fs 4. Vida ey;y Ntiyg; gof;fq;fs 4. Vida ey;y Ntiyg; gof;fq;fs 4. Vida ey;y Ntiyg; gof;fq;fs 4. Vida ey;y Ntiyg; gof;fq;fs;

nghUl;fisr; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd

tpUg ;gj ;ijAk ; > Mu ;tj ;ijAk ; fhl ;Ljy ; > tsq ;fisAk ; >

cgfuzq;fisAk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sy;> mwpTWj;jy; gbtj;jpw;F mikar;

nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLjy;> gpwupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;.

5. KbTg; nghUs; 5. KbTg; nghUs; 5. KbTg; nghUs; 5. KbTg; nghUs; 5. KbTg; nghUs;

chpa cUtj;ijg;; NgZjy;> etPd Kiwapy; mike;j nghjpAiw

xd;iwj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;sy;> ngl;bapYs;stw;iw vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk;

tpjj;jpyhd FwpaPl;il mikj;jy;> mbg;gilg; gz;GfSf;F mika

KbTg; nghUisj; jahupj;jy;.

72

1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ,yf;fk;1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ,yf;fk;1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ,yf;fk;1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ,yf;fk;1.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp ,yf;fk; ::::: 6.2.3 czT

2.0 cs;slf;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rp2.0 cs;slf;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rp2.0 cs;slf;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rp2.0 cs;slf;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rp2.0 cs;slf;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rp/ ::::: 4.1> 4.2> 4.34.1> 4.2> 4.34.1> 4.2> 4.34.1> 4.2> 4.34.1> 4.2> 4.3

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ::::: 6.0 vspikahd Kiwfisf; ifahz;L

czT tiffis ew;fhg;Gr; nra;tu;.

3.0 kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;3.0 kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;3.0 kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;3.0 kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk;3.0 kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjk; ::::: Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;

“go ew;fhg;G cj;jpfisf; ifahz;L

jahupj;j czitg; Nghj;jypy; milj;jy;

vDk; nghjpaply; Kiwiag; gpuNahfpj;Jg;

ghJfhj;jy;”

4.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;4.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;4.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;4.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;4.0 kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; :

• cztpy; Ngz Ntz;ba ,ay;Gfis

tptupg;ghu;.

• jukhd czT jahu p g ; gjw ; f hfr ;

rikayiwia KiwikahfTk; Rfhjhug;

ghJfhg;ghd tifapYk; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

• goq;fis ew;fhg;Gr; nra;tjw;fhfr; rPdp>

Njd;> cg;G> tpdhfpup Nghd;w ew;fhg;Gg;

gjhu;j;jq;fis Mf;fg+u ;tkhfg; gad;

gLj;Jtu;.

• jukhd czitg; Nghj;jypy; milf;Fk;

vspikahd Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jtu;.

• goq;fis ew;fhg ;Gr ; nra;J> mit

tPz;tpuakhtij ,opthf;Fthu;.

5 .05.05.05.05.0 eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:

5.1 MrpupaUf;F5.1 MrpupaUf;F5.1 MrpupaUf;F5.1 MrpupaUf;F5.1 MrpupaUf;F

• ,e;j kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp njhlu;ghd tplaq;

fisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; Kjypy;

thrpj;Jj; njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l gpd;du;

nraypy; <LgLq;fs;.

• kjpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk; epakq;fs;

Fwpj;J khztUf;F mwpT+l;lk; nra;Aq;fs;.

• nra;Kiwj;jpwd;fSk; njhopDl;gj;jpwd;

fSk; ghlk; njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ Mz;L/

jtizj; jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhz;l

jw;fpzq;f kjpg;gPL elj;jg;gLk; jpfjpia

Kd;$l;bNa khztu;f;F mwptpAq;fs;.

• Muk;gk; Kjw;nfhz;L jkJ Mf;fj;Jf;fhf

Mf;fg+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fspd;gb jfty;

Nrfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztUf;F

mwptpAq;fs;.

• Mf;fG+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fisj; jUf;fuPjpapy;

jpl;lkpl;L Kd;itj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ

Fwpj;J khztUf;F mwpT+l;lk; nra;Aq;fs;.

73

• ngsjpf trjpfSf;Nfw;gj; jdpj;jdpahfNth

FOf;fshfNth nraypy; <LgLtjw;fhd

gbKiwfs;/ nrad;KiwfSf;F mikthf>

cgfuzq;fisAk ; nghUs;fisAk ;

xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;jy;

toq;Fq;fs;.

• czTfisr; Rfhjhug ; ghJfhg;ghd

tifapy ; jahu pj ;jy ; Ntz;Lk ; vd

mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.

• nray;fspd; ,Wjpapy; mr;nraYf;fhfg;

gad;gLj;jpa ghj;jpuq;fs;> cgfuzq;fisr;

Rj;jpfupj;J cupa ,lq;fspy; itf;FkhW

khztUf;F mwpt+l;lk; nra;Aq;fs;.

5.2 njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;5.2 njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;5.2 njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;5.2 njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;5.2 njhlf;f mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Nfhbfhl;ly;fSk;

khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:

• Nghj;jypy; milg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

goq;fisj; njupT nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• mjd; juj;ijf; fhf;Fk; ,ay;Gfs; Fwpj;J

mwpt+l;lk; ngWq;fs;.

• ew;fhg;Gr; nra;tjw;fhf Mf;fG+u;tkhfj;

jahupf;Fk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUspd; ,ay;Gfis

,dq;fz;L nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; mt;thwhd cw;gj;jpg;

nghUs;fis mtjhdpAq;fs;.

• Nghj;jypy; milj;jypd; mbg;gilahd

cj;jpfis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• Njitahd nghUs;fisAk; cgfuzq;

fisAk; gz;lq;fisAk; njupTnra;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• goq;fis ew;fhg ;Gr ; nra;tjw;fhfg ;

Nghj;jypy; milj;jw; nrad;Kiwapd;

gbKiwfs;> vspikahd tpsf;fg; glq;fs;

Mfpatw ;iwAk ; Kf ;f pa tplaq;fs ;

cs;sdthapd; mtw;iwAk; kjpg;gPl;Lf;

fUkj;jpy; <Lgl Kd;du; jahu;g;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

5.3 rthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;5.3 rthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;5.3 rthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;5.3 rthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;5.3 rthy;fSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;

khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:khztu;f;F:

• gad ;gLj ;Jk ; goq ;fs ; > ifahSk ;

cgfuzq;fs;> ghj;jpuq;fspd; J}a;ik> Ra

Rj;jk; Mfpatw;iwg; NgZjy;.

• jukhd czT jahu p g ; gjw ; f hfr ;

rikayiwapy; gpd;gw;Wk; toptiffis

mDrupj;Jj; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy;

czT jahupj;jy;.

74

• cq;fsJ g puNjrj ;j py ; fhzg ;gLk ;

(ney;ypf;fha;> [k;G ehty;gok;> .... Nghd;w)

goq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• goq;fis ew;fhg;Gr; nra;tjw;fhfr; rPdp>

cg ;G > t pdhf pu p Nghd ;w nrw pthd

fiury;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

• cs;sPLfSf;fhd fpuaj;ij ,ad;w

msTf;Ff; Fiwj;jy;.

• ey;y epwKk; kzKk; nfhz;l Ritahd>

jukhd> e Pz ;l fhyk ; Ngz p

itj;jpUf;fj;jf;f czthf ,Uj;jy;.

epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;epakq;fSk; Gs;sp toq;FjYk;

epakq;fs;

1. Rj;jk; njhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;jpr; nraypy;

<LgLjy;

2. cztpd; juk; Ngzg;gLk; tifapy; ey;y

epwKk; kzKk; nfhz;l gy;Rit czitj;

jahupj;jy;

3. goq;fisg; Nghj;jypy; milg;gjw;Nfw;wthW

jahupg;gjw;fhf mbg;gilahf Kiwfisf;

ifahz;L ghu;j;jy;

4. czT tPz;tpuakhjiy ,optsthf;f Kbjy;

5. czit ePz;lfhyk; Ngzp itj;jpUf;f Kbjy;

Gs;sp toq;fy;

Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij

mile;Js;shu;Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ijmilatpy;iy

4 3 2 1

75

5.0 Gs;sp toq;Fjy;5.0 Gs;sp toq;Fjy;5.0 Gs;sp toq;Fjy;5.0 Gs;sp toq;Fjy;5.0 Gs;sp toq;Fjy;,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfis eilKiwg;gLj;j

Ntz;ba tpjk; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

xU jtizf;F = 03

xU tUlj;Jf;F = 09

kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jifapy; epakq;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;Nl Gs;sp toq;fg;gLk;.

i. xt;nthU kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjj;Jf;fhfTk; Ie;J epakq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;

ii. xU epakj;Jf;fhf cr;r msthf 4 Gs;spfs; toq;Fq;fs;.

,jw;fika ve;jnthU kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjj;Jf;fhfTk; khztnuhUtu; ngwj;jf;f

cr;rg;Gs;sp 20 MFk;. vdNt xU tUlfhyj;Js; ngwj;jf;f cr;rg;Gs;sp (20x9=180)

MFk;. cq;fsJ tFg;gpy; tpJyd; vd;Dk; khztd; xU tUlj;Js; vy;yh

kjpg;gPLfisAk; G+u;j;jp nra;J ngw;w nkhj;jg;Gs;sp 160 vdf; fUJq;fs;.

mjw;fika mk;khztdJ Mz;L ,Wjpg; Gs;spiag; gpd;tUkhW fzpf;fyhk;.

,Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy; (Mz;bWjpg; Gs;sp),Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy; (Mz;bWjpg; Gs;sp),Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy; (Mz;bWjpg; Gs;sp),Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy; (Mz;bWjpg; Gs;sp),Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy; (Mz;bWjpg; Gs;sp)

xU kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhfg; ngwj;jf;f cr;rg; Gs;sp = 20

xU tUlj;jpy; G+u;j;jp nra;a Ntz;ba kjpg;gPLfs; = 09

/ ngwj;jf;f cr;rg; Gs;sp = 20 x 9 = 180

tpJyd; ngw;w nkhj;jg; Gs;sp = 160

Mz;bWjpg; Gs;spiaf; fzpj;jy; = 160 x 100

180

tpJydpd; ,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 16000 = 88.88

180

tpJyd; ngw;w ,Wjpg; Gs;sp (fpl;ba

KOj;jhdj;jpy;) = 89

jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;

Kjyhe; jtizf;fhf tpJyd; ngw;w nkhj;jg; Gs;sp 48 Mapd;> mtuJ Kjyhe;

jtizf;fhd ,Wjpg; Gs;spiag; gpd;tUkhW fzpf;fyhk;.

jtizapy; g+u;j;jp nra;a Ntz;ba

3 kjpg;gPLfSf;Fupa cr;r nkhj;jg; Gs;sp = 20 x 3 = 60

tpJyd; ngw;w Gs;sp = 48

jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;spiaf; fzpj;jy; = 48 x 100

60

tpJydpd; jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 4800 = 80

60

Kjyhe; jtizf;Fupa ,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 80

nrad;kiwj;jpwd;fsk; - nie.lk

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