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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGRAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTAA PRESENTATIONONNUCLEAR POWER PLANTNUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITEDRAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION, RAWATBHATASubmitted To:Dr. Mahendra Lalwani(Associate Professor)Mrs. Seema Meena(Assistant Professor)Submitted By:Lekhraj Meena (12/042)

Nuclear Power Corporation of India LTD.The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is a government-owned corporation of India based in Mumbai.

NPCIL is administered by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), part of the Ministry of Science and Technology.

NPCIL was created in September 1987 as public limited company under the Companies Act 1956, "with the objective of undertaking the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the atomic power stations for generation of electricity in pursuance of the schemes and programmes of the Government of India under the provision of the Atomic Energy Act 1962." All nuclear power plants operated by the company are certified for ISO-14001 (Environment Management System).

NPCIL is responsible for design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear power reactors. Atomic Energy Act, 1962. NPCIL has also equity participation in BHAVINI, an organization formed for implementation for Fast Breeder Reactors programme in the country.

RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION Rawatbhata remote town in Chittorgarh district about 64 KMs, from Kota, an industrial city of Rajasthan.The land selected is in between Rana Pratap Sagar Dam &Gandhi Sagar Dam at the right bank of Chambal River.The water from the reservoir of the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam serves the requirements of the Nuclear Power Plants.There are six PHWR units. One 100 MWe, One 200MWe,Four 220 MWe units. For employees various colonies are constructed with all the domestic facilities.

RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION (RAPS)UNITREACTOR TYPECapacity(MW)Date of Commercial Ops1Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)100December 16, 19732Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)200April 1, 19813Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)220June 1, 20004Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)220December 23, 20005Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)220February 4, 20106Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)220March 31, 2010

ENERGY REQUIRMENTElectrical energy is the basic need for development of every Country.

Unavailability of energy leads to: PovertyPoor HealthReduced educational attainment

PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Indias Installed Capacity & % Share by Various Sources

Present Capacity 2,67,600 MWThermal 71% Coal-62% Gas-8.5% Diesel-0.5%Hydro 15.5%Wind / Renewable 11.5%Nuclear 2%

WHY SHOULD WE USE NUCLEAR ENERGY GENERATION?Comparison of Fuel required to generate 1 MU electricity

kg) ~Two Fuel Bundle (27 Kg) ~700 Tones Coal

NPCILs

Nuclear Chain Reaction(Nuclear fission)a slow moving neutron induces fission in Uranium 235

Energy

HOW DOES FISSION REACTION OCCURES?

PHWR Schematic Flow Diagram

Reactor Building

Structural Wall

Inner Containment Wall

Primary Containment WallFast Acting Two Independent Shut-Down Systems.Secondary Containment WallSteam GeneratorPHTFast Acting Two Independent Shut-Down Systems.

CALANDRIAIt is the heart of reactor and forms the Core of reactor.It consists of:-Nuclear FuelControl RodsPressure TubesModerator

FUEL BUNDLE

Zircaloy End PlateUO2 PelletsZircaloy Tube

PHWR SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM

Multiple Barriers30 January 2008Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd

Primary ContainmentSecondary ContainmentExclusion Distance (1.6 Km)Public DomainCladCoolant BoundaryUranium DioxideSterilized Zone (5 Km)

STEAM GENERATOR It is used to convert water into steam from heat generated in nuclear reactor. Steam contains more kinetic energy than liquid. Thats why we use steam instead of liquid water.The boiler assemblies contain 10-u shaped shell & tube heat exchangers, connected in parallel.PRIMARY HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM(PHT)It circulates pressurized coolant through the fuel channels to remove the heat generated in fuel.FUELING SYSTEMTwo fueling machines in conjunction, one each at the ends of the Reactor, carry out on-power refueling.New fuel bundles are inserted by one of the fueling machine at one end of the reactor while the other machine at the other end receives the spent fuel bundles.

TURBINEIt converts the kinetic energy of steam into mechanical energy.In R.A.P.S. impulse turbine is used which runs at 3000 R.P.M.

GENERATORIt is used to convert the mechanical output of turbine into electrical output.It is connected to turbine by means of a shaft, which provides the output of turbine to the generator.Here we run the generator at a rotation speed of 3000 RPM.

COOLING TOWERS It consists of a shell and is open at top and bottom.Purpose is to bring down the temperature of light water.There are two types of cooling towers:-(1) Natural Draft Cooling Tower (NDCT)(2) Induced Draft Cooling Tower (IDCT)

CATALOGUES OF NUCLEAR REACTORBOILING WATER REACTOR (BWR)PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR (PWR)FAST BREEDER REACTORS

BOILING WATER REACTOR

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

Fast Breeder Reactors

U-238 captures a neutron and transmutes to Pu-239Pu-239 is fissile like U-235Increases efficiency of uranium use >50xCould use up depleted uranium stockpiles & plutonium from dismantled weapons

Nuclear Fuel ReservesUranium Reserve 61,000 tonesThorium Reserve 225,000 tones

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Conversion of Fertile Material into Fissile Material

U-238 or Th-232Pu-239 or U-233

Future Power Requirement with 9% Growth Rate3,00,000 MWe by 20174,00,000 MWe by 20229,50,000 MWe by 2030

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Environmental Survey Lab started functioning in the site prior to commencement of operation of NPP.Samples of water, vegetation are periodically analyzed.No change is observed from the levels persisted earlier to plant operation.Abundant numbers of fishes are found in RPS lake.Many fruit bearing trees are seen around NPP site.

SAMPLING IN PROGRESS

Waste Management System

SPENT FUEL POOL

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