now check your answers. 1. what is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? hypothesis = a...
TRANSCRIPT
Now Check Your Answers
1. What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
Hypothesis = a testable explanation for an observation
Theory = a WELL tested explanation for a BROAD range of observations
2. How does the scientist’s use of the word “theory” differ from the way the term is used by the general public?
2. How does the scientist’s use of the word “theory” differ from the way the term is used by the general public?
In SCIENCE the word “theory” means that which we are MOST certain. It is the BEST current explanation.
To the general public “theory” means a guess or opinion.
3. How do scientist determine if the conclusions drawn from an experiment are valid?
Experiments must be checked and rechecked by other scientists to be sure the same results are obtained by others.
Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.
4. What is the control group?
Group B – the one with no juice (theone without the treatment – the one used for comparison)
5. What are three ways this picture
shows that eukaryotic cells
are different from prokaryotic cells?
1. Prokaryotic are smaller than Eukaryotic
2. Prokaryotic do not have a nucleus, Eukaryotic do
3. Prokaryotic do not have membrane bound organelles like mitochondria, Eukaryotic do have mitochondria and other organelles
Kingdom Pro-/Eu- karyotic
Auto-/Hetero- trophic
Multi/Uni- cellular
Animal Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular
Plant Eukaryotic Autotrophic Multicellular
Fungi Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular(Unicellular)
Protist Eukaryotic Auto- or Hetero-
Unicellular (Multicellular)
Eubacteria Prokaryotic Auto- or Hetero-
Unicellular
Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Auto- or Hetero-
Unicellular
6. Complete and Know the following table:
7. What are the three parts of the ?
= Living things are made of cells
= Cells do all the functions in living things
= Cells come only from other living cells
8. Name the cell part shown above and give its function.
Chloroplast – where photosynthesis occurs = where plant makes its food
9. Name the organelle
shown at left and
tell its function.
Mitochondrion = where cellular respiration occurs
in plants and animals = where energy is released
from food
10. What are these small but numerous structures?
What is their
function?
ribosomes
Where protein is assembled
11. Of what is this a close-up view?
12. What is the main function of this structure?
Cell Membrane
Controls what gets in and out of a cell
13. Define diffusion.
Answer: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using their own kinetic energy.
14. Which of these would diffuse the fastest?
and why?
water, ice or steamwater, ice or steam
Answer: steam, because gasmolecules move faster than liquid or solid (They have more kinetic energy)
Answer: steam, because gasmolecules move faster than liquid or solid (They have more kinetic energy)
15. Give an example of asolid diffusing through a liquid.
Ex. sugar diffusing through coffee, purple crystal through water, etc.
Ex. sugar diffusing through coffee, purple crystal through water, etc.
16. How are facilitated diffusion and active transport similar?
How are they different?
Answer: They both use proteins in the membrane.
Facilitated diffusion uses kinetic energy and goes from high to low concentration.
active transport uses ATP energy and goes from low to high.
17. If a cell has .4% K+ on the inside and .3% on the outside,
how would K+ move INTO the cell?
Answer: active transportAnswer: active transport
.4% K+ .3% K+
??
18. What type of energy is required to movemolecules by active transport?
Answer: ATP Energy = Cell Energy
19. Which of these shows
-active transport?
-diffusion?
-facilitated diffusion?
-osmosis?
-passive transport?
A
B
C
C
A & B
B
cannot tell which is water
A & B
20. If a molecule is too big topass through the protein channels in a membrane, howcan they get out of a cell?
Answer: exocytosisAnswer: exocytosis
21. If a molecule is too big topass through the protein channels in a membrane, howcan they get into a cell?
Answer: endocytosisAnswer: endocytosis
22. Define homeostasis.
Answer: keeping the same internally
IN CELL
70% water
IN ENVIRONMENT
66% water
23. Which way will the water move? Will the cell shrink, swell or stay the same?
Both directions. But net movement will be OUT of the cell.
Shrink
24. If a cell has .3% Ca+2 on the inside and .4% on the outside,
how would Ca+2 move into the cell?
Answer: diffusionAnswer: diffusion
.3% Ca+2
??
.4% Ca+2
99%water
100%water
99%water
95%water
99%water
99%water
25. In which of these is the concentration gradient the greatest?
A B C
B The gradient in A = 1%, B = 4%, C=0.
In which of these are the cells and their environment at equilibrium? CWhich of these pictures show osmosis? Explain!A & B show the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
1.
2.
3.
a. = meiosis
b. = fertilization
c. = mitosis
26. What process occurs at a? b? and c?
If the cells in the adult fish
have 60 chromosomes,
how many chromosomes are present in
the cells at step 2?
30 chromosomes
26.
27. If the chimp zygote has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in each cell after mitosis occurs?
48 chromosomesIn zygote
48 chromosomesin cells after mitosis
mitosis
28. Draw a chromosome and show what two types of macromolecule it is made of.
Then label a gene in your drawing.
Protein
Two types of macromolecule
Gene = a segment of DNA
29. What is the relationship between
DNA, genes and proteins?
Answer: Genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins.