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Topographic Maps

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Topographic Maps

A map that uses ___________ to show the _____________

_____________ of an area as if you were looking down on

it from above.

symbols surfacefeatures

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Otego, NY

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Unadilla, NY

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Topographic Maps

Used to provide highly ____________ information, such as:

______________________

______________________

__________________________________________

accurateElevationReliefSlope of the ground surface

Gradient

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Topographic MapsCommon uses:

Official:

____________________________

____________________________

Recreational:

_________________

_________________

Highway construction

CampingHiking

Search and Rescue

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Topographic Maps

Government agency responsible for making topographic maps for our country:

United States ___________________ _____________Geological Survey

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

Elevation: height above _______ ____________

_____________ ___________: Isopleth connecting points of

_________ ______________

sea level

equal elevation

Contour Line

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Elevation of point A:Elevation of point B:Elevation of point C:

75 feet45 feet55 feet

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

Contour _________________: difference between two lines.

__________ Contour Line: a _______________ contour line

which is ____________ with a

__________.

IntervalC.I.

Index thickerlabeled

value

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

__________________ Contour Line: Special contour lines

used to show a __________ or ___________ on Earth’s

surface.

Drawn like regular contour lines; however, the are

marked on the ____________ with small ___________

Depression

cavity crater

inside dashes

called HACHURE MARKS

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Add to notes:

The first line of depression is EQUAL to the previous normal contour line

(Unless otherwise noted)

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?

??

What are the correct names for each of these lines?

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What are the correct names for each of these lines?

Contour Line

Depression ContourIndex Contour

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Contour Interval: ________________________

Maximum Elevation: _____________________

Maximum Elevation of the Crater: ___________

Minimum Elevation of the Crater: ___________

Maximum Depth of Crater: ________________

20 feet

259 feet140 feet81 feet59 feet

Add to notes:

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

Spot Elevations: Elevations of points of interests

Marked with an ___________X

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

Map Ratio (aka, Scale): Ratio that compares a measurement

on a map to the _______ ___________

Example: 1:24000

actual distance

1 inch = 24,000 inches (2,000 feet)

1 cm = 24,000 cm (240 meters)

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

Relief: ___________________ in elevation between the

_____________ and _____________ point in an area

Differencehighest lowest

240 feet- 80 feet160 feet

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Terms Specific to Topographic Maps

Gradient (slope): Change of a field value between two points.

____________ over ___________

Change in Gradient =

Distance

Known as the _________________ of an area.

rise run

ELEVATION

steepness

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ESRT (Page 1)

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Calculate the gradient:

Gradient = 10,000 feet5 miles

= 2,000 feet/mile

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Find thegradientbetweenpoints 'B' and 'D':

1st Step: Use the provided scale to determine the DISTANCE between the two locations

0.4 miles0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 1 2 3 4 50°

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Find thegradientbetweenpoints 'B' and 'D':

Gradient = change in elevation distance

= 1,500 '0.4 mi.

= 3,750 feet/mile

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Tip: Gradient can be quickly estimated visually by realizing that contour lines that are

Close together = ___________ terrain

Farther apart = ____________ terrain

steeper

flatter

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Where is the steepest part of this island?

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Match the landform profile to the to its correct contours

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Match the landform profile to the to its correct contours

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Law of “V’s”

River valleys

Contour lines bend ______________ where theycross a river causing a “v” to be formed.

These “v’s” point __________________

Can be used to quickly determine the _____________a stream is flowing.

upstream

upstream

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Law of “V’s”

River valleys

Contour lines bend ______________ where theycross a river causing a “v” to be formed.

These “v’s” point __________________

Can be used to quickly determine the _____________a stream is flowing.

upstream

upstream

direction

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Useful Tip:

Elevations will decrease when approaching a stream.....

and increase when going awayfrom a stream.

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?

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Drawing Profiles

Step 1: Select two points on a topographic map that you are interested in drawing a profile and connect

them with a straight line:

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Drawing Profiles

Step 2: Use a plain piece of paper as a straight edge to connect the two points and make “tic” marks on the

plain paper at every point it contacts a contour line (or a stream):

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Drawing Profiles

Step 3: Use lined paper and make an appropriate elevation scale along the left margin (starting slightly lower than the lowest elevation along your profile line)

Use your ‘tic’ marked piece of plain paper as the horizontal axis and plot the elevations on the field of the lined paper.

Connect the plots with a smooth line to form the profile of the selected area.

or simply a "dip"(not dotted)

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Drawing Profiles

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Practice Drawing Profile: