northridge california earthquake january 17, 2014

TOWARDS A NEW NORTHRIDGE

AFTER THE JANUARY 17, 1994

EARTHQUAKE

NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA

EARTHQUAKE

4:31 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1994

M 6.8

57 DEATHS

$50 BILLION LOSS

FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE

5:46 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1995

M 6.9

6,000 DEATHS

$200 BILLION LOSS

FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

NOTE: Working cooperatively with

Japan one year later after the Kobe,

Japan earthquake occurred helped

accelerate the recovery and

reconstruction process in Northridge

and promote preparedness planning

in So. California

NORTHRIDGE IS IN THE LOS

ANGELES BASIN

THE JANUARY 17th EARTHQUAKE

WAS NOT THE “BIG ONE”

NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE

• THE EARTHQUAKE

OCCURRED ON A

“BLIND” THRUST

FAULT THAT DID

NOT BREAK THE

SURFACE

• ALMOST A “BULLS

EYE” URBAN

EARTHQUAKE

FAULT SYSTEM:


BLIND THRUST FAULTS:

A blind thrust fault is assoc-

iated with anticlinal folding

and does NOT always show

clear signs of its subsurface

existence on the Earth's

surface


• 57 DEATHS

• 9,000 INJURIES

• OVER $50

BILLION

DAMAGE

• TRANSPORT-

ATION SYSTEMS

FAILED


• THE BUILDING

STOCK AND

INFRASTRUCTURE

OF A LARGE

URBAN AREA

FAILED WHEN

SUBJECTED TO

VERY STRONG

GROUND SHAKING


• UTILITY

SERVICES

DISRUPTED

• EXPLOSION

AND FIRE


• UTILITY

CORRIDORS

DISRUPTED AND

DAMAGED BY

LIQUEFACTION

•


• PARKING

FACILITY

COLLAPSED

COMMERCIAL BUILDING COLLAPSE

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

• FLAWS FOUND IN

THE WELDED

CONNECTIONS

OF 400 STEEL

MOMENT-

RESISTING

FRAME

BUILDINGS

THE GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA

PROVIDED LEADERSHIP FOR

URGENT POLITICAL ACTIONS

AND TECHNICAL ACTIONS OF

THE GOVERNOR’S SEISMIC

SAFETY COMMISSION (CSSC)

FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA FOR THE

ACTIONS WAS BASED ON CALIFORNIA’S

STAPLE FACTORS IN 1994

TECHNICAL

SOLUTIONS

POLITICAL

SOLUTIONS

STAPLE

FACTORS

P

T

S

O

CA

THE STAPLE FACTORS VARY WITH

• TIME

• PLACE

• CIRCUMSTANCES

SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO

GOVERNOR PETE WILSON

• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• ACCELERATE THE

HAZARD MAPPING

PROGRAM

• USE GEOLOGIC

INFORMATION AND

MAPS FOR DISASTER

RISK REDUCTION

MEASURES



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• CONTINUE SUPPORT

OF STATE’S STROMG

MOTION PROGRAM

• INCREASE

INSTRUMENTATION IN

MAJOR URBAN

AREAS



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• ACCELERATE THE

IDENTIFICATION AND

MAPPING OF AREAS

WHERE ACTIVE

“BLIND” THRUST

FAUTS EXIST

CALIFORNIA’S FAULTS

(SOURCE: CDMG)



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• INCORPORATE

KNOWLEDGE OF

EFFECTS OF POOR

SOIL CONDITIONS

INTO BUILDING

CODES AND LIFELINE

STANDARDS



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• INCORPORATE

KNOWLEDGE OF

LOCATIONS OF

PERMANENT GROUND

DEFORMATION INTO

HAZARD ZONE MAPS



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• ACCELERATE

ACTIVITIES TO MAKE

ALL EXISTING

BUILDING STOCK

SAFER (i.e., FROM

DWELLINGS TO

SCHOOLS/HOSPITALS



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• ACCELERATE

EDUCATION AND

INTERACTION WITH

BUILDING OWNERS,

DESIGNERS, AND

CONTRACTORS TO

IMPROVE SEISMIC

SAFETY



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• ACCELERATE

ACTIVITIES TO MAKE

EXISTING HIGHWAY

SYSTEMS AND

UTILITIES SAFER



• SSC’S REPORT:

“TURNING LOSS

TO GAIN”

• RECOMMENDATION

• DETERMINE HOW

BEST TO REPAIR

STEEL MOMENT-

RESISTING FRAME

CONNECTIONS

State of California (1995), Turning

Loss to Gain, Report of the

Calirornia Seismic Safety

Commission to Governor Pete

Wilson’s on the Northridge

Earthquake

SSC Report 95-01, Sacramento, California,

160 p.

TEN YEARS LATER

A New Northridge

TWENTY-ONE YEARS LATER

Using Scenario Earthquakes to

Advance Earthquake Disaster

Resilience in Southern CA

GOAL

INTEGRATING ALL ACCUMULATED KNOWLEDGE INTO A COHERENT

RISK MODEL TO ADVANCE PREPAREDNESS AND EARTHQUAKE

DISASTER RESILIENCE

Public Safety and Security

Response (ESF 13)

Evacuee Case Management

(ESFs 6 & 8)

Economic and Community

Recovery (ESF 15)

Fire Protection (ESF 4)

Critical Resource Logistics and

Distribution (ESF 7)

Restoration of Lifelines (ESFs 3

& 12)

Hazardous Materials (ESF 10)

Evacuee Case Mgmt / Family

Reunification ) (ESF 6 & 8)

EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

RECOVERY/RE-

CONSTRCTION

ALL ELEMENTS ARE

INTERRELATED

PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION

PREVENTION

EARLY

WARNING

EM.

RESPONSE

SIMULATING WHAT SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA IS LIKELY TO

EXPERIENCE IN THE FUTURE

Source: US Geological Survey

SCENARIO IS BASED ON

KNOWLEDGE GAINED THROUGH

MONITORING, RESEARCH, AND

POSTEARTHQUAKE STUDIES

THROUHOUT THE WORLD

HAZARDS

ELEMENTS OF A SCENARIO

EXPOSURE

VULNERABILITY LOCATION

RISK

EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD MODEL

SEISMICITY TECTONIC

SETTING &

FAULTS

• Southern California is prone to earthquakes because of its location near the boundary between two major tectonic plates.

• Much, but not all, of the stress release happens on the San Andreas

fault.

The Location of “The Big One,”

which occurred on the San

Andreas fault in 1857 and

moderate-to-large earthquakes that

occurred on “blind” thrust faults

(e.g., Northridge)

SAN ANDREAS

• BE READY: The magnitude 7.8 ShakeOut earthquake will likely cause about 1800 deaths and $213 billion ineconomic losses.

The goal of the ShakeOut Scenario is to

identify the physical, social and

economic consequences of a major

earthquake in southern California , and

in so doing, enable end users to identify

what they can change now—before the

earthquake—to avoid catastrophic

impact after the inevitable “big one”

recurs.

northridge california earthquake january 17, 2014

Environment