non-electronic sources of biogeographical data daphne g. fautin ecology and evolutionary biology and...
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NON-ELECTRONIC SOURCES OF BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DATA
Daphne G. Fautin
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
and
KU Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
Electronic data are essential in addressing important oceanographic
questions
among them those involving ecology
including biodiversity and biogeography
Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension
To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data
Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues
May explain organism distribution but does not show organisms
“Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one
on 16th July 2000.”
http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html
“Two more stunning SeaWiFS satellite images of a probable (no ships have ever taken water samples to confirm them there) coccolithophore bloom cradling the Falkland Islands (Patagonian Shelf), the left-hand one on 29th November 1999, the right-hand one two weeks later on 13th December. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.”
http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html
Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension
To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data
Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo&hot.html
Current Potential Coral Reef Bleaching Hot Spots
DID CORALS BLEACH ?? WHICH TAXA ?? TO WHAT EXTENT ?? TO WHAT DEPTH ??
biologically meaningful questions involving biogeography and
biodiversity
environmental dataAND
data on distribution of (identified) organisms
Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension
To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data
Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues
Discontinuous/discrete
Heterogeneous
Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension
To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data
Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues
SOURCES OF DATAon identified, georeferenced organisms – back in time
MUSEUM SPECIMENS PUBLISHED LITERATURE
An On-line Atlas of Marine Diversity
National Science Foundation grant OCE 00-03970 (NOPP)
Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryCalifornia Academy of Sciences
Substantial changesin data hardlyaffected trends
Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension
To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data
Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues
“Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one on 16th July 2000. Humanity has invested billions of dollars putting satellites into space; these images are part of the reward. Provided by the
SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.”
http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html
Expenses the community has agreed to share
Sensing and receiving equipmentDevelopmentInstallationMaintenance
Data ProcessingServingArchiving
Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension
To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data
Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues
What/whereECONOMIC
fisheries areas (open and closed)
dive sites
CONSERVATIONinvasive species
protected areas
ACADEMICcenters of diversity -- in space and time
habitat preferences
National Science Foundation grants OCE 00-03970 (NOPP)
to Daphne G. Fautin and Robert W. Buddemeier
DEB95-21819, DEB 99-78106 (PEET)to Daphne G. Fautin
Students and colleagues whohave contributed data, time,
and ideas -- especially Adorian Ardelean
BIOGEOINFORMATICS:CHALLENGES AT THE
INTERSECTION OF BIOLOGICAL, BIOGEOCHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL DATA OVER MULTIPLE SCALES OF
SPACE AND TIME
Robert W. Buddemeier
Daphne G. Fautin
Karen Stocks