biological oceanography and marine biology daphne g. fautin ecology and evolutionary biology and ku...

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY and

MARINE BIOLOGY

Daphne G. Fautin

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

and

KU Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center

The 2003 National NVODS Workshop11 September 2003

Electronic data are essential in addressing important oceanographic

questions

among them those involving ecology

including biodiversity and biogeography

Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyLack taxonomic resolutionDiffer fundamentally from biological dataLack historical dimension

To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data

Requires human interventionIn the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication

Is no more costly than remote sensingIs essential to many scientific and societal issues

May explain organism distribution but does not show organisms

“Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one

on 16th July 2000.”

http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html

“Two more stunning SeaWiFS satellite images of a probable (no ships have ever taken water samples to confirm them there) coccolithophore bloom cradling the Falkland Islands (Patagonian Shelf), the left-hand one on 29th November 1999, the right-hand one two weeks later on 13th December. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.”

http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html

http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo&hot.html

Current Potential Coral Reef Bleaching Hot Spots

DID CORALS BLEACH ?? WHICH TAXA ?? TO WHAT EXTENT ?? TO WHAT DEPTH ??

biologically meaningful questions involving biogeography and

biodiversity

environmental dataAND

data on distribution of (identified) organisms

DISCONTINUOUS(DISCRETE)

HETEROGENEOUS

SENSORSFor remote identification

FuturisticRequire calibration (e.g. to know DNA signature of a species)

TAG is the Atlantic counterpartof TOPP (Tagging of PacificPelagics), a project of the Census of Marine Life (CoML)

SOURCES OF DATAon identified, georeferenced organisms – back in time

MUSEUM SPECIMENS PUBLISHED LITERATURE

Expenses the community has agreed to share

Sensing and receiving equipmentDevelopmentInstallationMaintenance

Data ProcessingServingArchiving

An On-line Atlas of Marine Diversity

DATA REPOSITORY FOR CoML

www.iobis.org

• New Field Projects

What does live in the oceans?• History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP)

What did live in the oceans?• Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP)

What will live in the oceans? • Data Storage and Serving Infrastructure (OBIS)

Ocean Biogeographic Information System

Census of Marine LifeCensus of Marine LifeComponents

ICESICES

IOCIOCWESTPACWESTPAC

GBIFGBIF

GOOSGOOS

OBISOBIS

CoMLCoML

HMAPHMAP7 Field7 FieldProjectsProjects

FMAPFMAP

PICESPICES

SCORSCORWGWG

UNEPUNEPWCMCWCMC

GLOBECGLOBEC

IABOIABO

POGOPOGO

CoMLCoMLLINKSLINKS

SCORSCOR

CICI

The OBIS portal is creating online access to:

• species distribution records of high taxonomic quality; and

• the tools needed to use data effectively for research, management and education

network tools and models

research and education center

data requests and searches

What/whereECONOMIC

fisheries areas (open and closed)

dive sites

CONSERVATIONinvasive species

protected areas

ACADEMICcenters of diversity -- in space and time

habitat preferences

Occurrence records displayed on a map use symbols of a different color for each synonymous name. This function can be used for investigating whether a synonymy is justified.

“Hexacoral” as a research tool

For taxa with georeferenced records, a query of the companion global 30’ environmental database produces summaries of general environmental conditions for individual entries or a summary for the taxon

regions with variable values within ranges defined by the sample cells are colored; variable selection by users and multi-taxon capability will make this a powerful biogeographic analysis

Anemones of most fish host species seldom occur without fish symbionts

Anemonefish never occur without a host anemone

“Hexacoral” as a research tool

87 half-degree cells contain 516 usable anemone records

There is good overlap. Non-overlap is because of biological reality (fish do not occur in Hawaii), and sources of data (e.g. publications on anemonefish in Japan are not vouchered by specimens, research on anemones is scarce in South Africa)

CHALLENGES

Provide environmental coverages to correlate with organism distributions

Reciprocally, find out what lives in any parcel of water

TECHNICALdraw on multiple sources of data in a variety of formatsdevelop tools for users to mobilize the data

OBJECTIVES

DISCIPLINARYmake counterparts aware of availability, utility of dataopportunities for new sorts of audiences, questions

National Science Foundation grants OCE 00-03970 (NOPP)

to Daphne G. Fautin and Robert W. Buddemeier

DEB95-21819, DEB 99-78106 (PEET)to Daphne G. Fautin

Students and colleagues whohave contributed data, time,

and ideas -- especially Adorian Ardelean

biological oceanography and marine biology daphne g. fautin ecology and evolutionary biology and ku...

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