nomenclature 1 ions
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Making Sense of the ingredients label!
Chemical Names & Formulas
Atoms and ionsAtoms and ions
Atoms Atoms are are
electrically electrically neutral.neutral.
Same Same number of number of protons and protons and electrons.electrons.
Ions Ions atoms, or groups of atoms, or groups of
atoms, with a charge.atoms, with a charge.Different numbers of Different numbers of
protons and protons and electrons.electrons.
Only electrons can Only electrons can move.move.
Gain or lose Gain or lose electrons.electrons.
AnionAnion
A negative ion.A negative ion.Has gained electrons.Has gained electrons.Non metals can gain electrons.Non metals can gain electrons.Charge is written as a super script on the Charge is written as a super script on the
right.right.
F-1 Has gained one electron
O-2 Has gained two electrons
Cations Positive ions. Formed by losing electrons. More protons than electrons. Metals form cations.
K+1 Has lost one electron
Ca+2 Has lost two electrons
CompoundsCompounds
Follow the Law of Definite Proportion.Follow the Law of Definite Proportion.Have a constant composition.Have a constant composition.Have to add the same number of atoms Have to add the same number of atoms
every time.every time.Two types.Two types.
Two Types of CompoundsTwo Types of Compounds
Molecular compoundsMolecular compoundsMade of molecules.Made of molecules.Made by joining nonmetal Made by joining nonmetal
atoms together into molecules.atoms together into molecules.
Two Types of CompoundsTwo Types of Compounds
Ionic CompoundsIonic CompoundsMade of cations and anions.Made of cations and anions.Metals and nonmetals.Metals and nonmetals.The electrons lost by the cation are gained The electrons lost by the cation are gained
by the anion.by the anion.The cation and anions surround each The cation and anions surround each
other.other.Smallest piece is a Smallest piece is a FORMULA UNIT.FORMULA UNIT.
Two Types of CompoundsTwo Types of Compounds
Smallest piece
Melting Point
State
Types of elements
Formula Unit Molecule
Metal and Nonmetal
Nonmetals
solidSolid, liquid or gas
High >300ºC Low <300ºC
Ionic Molecular
Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas
Shows the kind and number of atoms in Shows the kind and number of atoms in the smallest piece of a substance.the smallest piece of a substance.
Molecular formulaMolecular formulanumber and kinds of atoms in a number and kinds of atoms in a
molecule.molecule.COCO22
CC66HH1212OO66
Formula UnitFormula Unit
The smallest whole number ratio of atoms The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in an ionic compound.in an ionic compound.
Charges on ionsCharges on ions
For most of the Group A elements, the For most of the Group A elements, the Periodic Table can tell what kind of ion Periodic Table can tell what kind of ion they will form from their location.they will form from their location.
Elements in the same group have similar Elements in the same group have similar properties.properties.
Including the charge when they are ions.Including the charge when they are ions.
+2
+1
+3 -3 -2 -1
What about the others?What about the others?
We have to figure those out some other We have to figure those out some other way.way.
More on this later.More on this later.
Naming ionsNaming ions
Two methodsTwo methodsStock System & ClassicalStock System & Classical
Cation- if the charge is always the same Cation- if the charge is always the same (Group A) just write the name of the metal.(Group A) just write the name of the metal.
Transition metals can have more than one Transition metals can have more than one type of charge.type of charge.
Indicate the charge with roman numerals Indicate the charge with roman numerals in parenthesis.in parenthesis.
Name theseName these
NaNa+1+1 CaCa+2+2 AlAl+3+3 FeFe+3+3 FeFe+2+2 PbPb+2+2 LiLi+1+1
Sodium ionSodium ion Calcium ionCalcium ion Aluminum ionAluminum ion Iron (III) ion / Ferric ionIron (III) ion / Ferric ion Iron (II) ion / Ferrous ionIron (II) ion / Ferrous ion Lead (II) ion / Plumbous ionLead (II) ion / Plumbous ion Lithium ionLithium ion
Write Formulas for theseWrite Formulas for these
Potassium ionPotassium ionMagnesium ion Magnesium ion Copper (II) ionCopper (II) ionChromic ionChromic ionBarium ionBarium ionMercury (II) ionMercury (II) ion
KK+1+1
MgMg+2+2
CuCu+2+2
CrCr+3+3
BaBa+2+2
HgHg+2+2
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the same.Anions are always the same.Change the element ending to – Change the element ending to – ideideFF-1-1 Fluorine Fluorine
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the same.Anions are always the same.Change the element ending to – Change the element ending to – ideideFF-1-1 Fluorin Fluorin
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the sameAnions are always the sameChange the element ending to – Change the element ending to – ideideFF-1-1 Fluori Fluori
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the sameAnions are always the sameChange the element ending to – Change the element ending to – ideideFF-1-1 Fluor Fluor
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the sameAnions are always the sameChange the element ending to – Change the element ending to – ideideFF-1-1 Fluor Fluorii
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the sameAnions are always the sameChange the element ending to – ideChange the element ending to – ideFF-1-1 Fluor Fluoridid
Naming AnionsNaming Anions
Anions are always the sameAnions are always the sameChange the element ending to – Change the element ending to – ideideFF-1-1 Fluor Fluorideide
Name theseName these
ClCl-1-1 NN-3-3 BrBr-1-1 OO-2-2
GaGa+3+3
ChlorideChlorideNitrideNitrideBromideBromideOxideOxideGallium Ion Gallium Ion
*Gotcha**Gotcha*
Write theseWrite these
SulfideSulfideiodideiodidephosphidephosphideStrontium ionStrontium ion
SS-2-2
II-1-1
PP-3-3
SrSr+2+2
Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ionsGroups of atoms that stay together and Groups of atoms that stay together and
have a charge.have a charge.You must memorize these.You must memorize these.Acetate CAcetate C22HH33OO22
-1-1
Nitrate NONitrate NO33-1-1
Nitrite NONitrite NO22-1-1
Hydroxide OHHydroxide OH-1-1
Permanganate MnOPermanganate MnO44-1-1
Cyanide CNCyanide CN-1-1
Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ionsSulfate Sulfate SOSO44
-2-2
Sulfite Sulfite SOSO33-2-2
Carbonate Carbonate COCO33-2-2
Chromate Chromate CrOCrO44-2-2
Dichromate Dichromate CrCr22OO77-2-2
Phosphate Phosphate POPO44-3-3
Phosphite Phosphite POPO33-3 -3
Ammonium Ammonium NHNH44+1+1