nomen mihi est _________

Latin 3 HonorsSpring Semester Exam Review

May 2011 Stages 28-34

1. Name the parts of speech and define each.

Noun – names of things

Pronoun – takes the place of a noun

Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun

Adverb – describes the action of a verb

Verb – shows action or state of being

Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns

Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases

Interjection – an exclamation

2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses of each

• Nominative - subject, PN, PA

• Genitive - shows possession

• Dative - indirect object

• Accusative - direct object

• Ablative - special uses

3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?

Drop the

GENITIVE SINGULAR ending

4. How do you tell the declension to which a noun belongs?

• Look at the

• GENITIVE SINGULAR

•1st = -ae 4th = -us

•2nd = -i 5th = -ei

•3rd = -is

5. What are the 1st declension noun endings?

puella puellaepuellae puellarumpuellae puellispuellam puellaspuellā puellis

6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings?

amicus(puer,vir) amici

amici amicorum

amico amicis

amicum amicos

amico amicis

7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings?

mater matres

matris matrum

matri matribus

matrem matres

matre matribus

8. How can you recognize a masculine, feminine, neuter noun in the 5 declensions?

masculine

1st declension: P*A*I*N words2nd declension: -us, -er, -ir in nominative singular

4th declension: -us in nominative, except domus, manus, etc.

5th declension: almost all are feminine except dies

feminine

1st declension: almost all except P*A*I*N words

4th declension: domus, manusneuter

2nd declension: -um in nominative singular3rd declension: -e, -al (mare, animal)4th declension: -u in nominative

(3rd declension is more difficult to tell)

9. State the “overriding” rule of neuter nouns.

Neuter nouns always have the same spelling in the nominative and accusative cases.

Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the nominative and accusative plurals.

10. Decline a 4th Declension NounMasculine

portus portūs

portūs portuum

portuī portibus

portum portūs

portū portibus

10. Decline a 4th Declension NounNeuter

cornu cornua

cornūs cornuum

cornū cornibus

cornū cornua

cornū cornibus

11. What are some fine points to remember

about the 4th Declension Nouns?

Most –us 4th declension nouns are masculine, except for feminine nouns domus and manus.

Most masculine nouns in 4th declension are made from the fourth principal parts of verbs.

4th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter.

12. Decline a 5th Declension Noun

diēs diēs

diēi diērum

diēi diēbus

diem diēs

diē diēbus

13. What are some fine points to remember about 5th declension nouns?

All 5th declension nouns are feminine except for dies and its compounds

There are no neuter nouns in the 5th declension.

There are no adjectives in the 5th declension.

14. Pay special attention to:

dative indirect object Quintus rosam Metellae dedit.

dative of advantage Metella Felici togam invenit.

dative object of special verbsCaecilius Holconio favit.

15. In what ways do Latin nouns and the adjectives which modify them agree?

• Adjectives and the nouns they modify always agree in gender, number, and case.

• The endings may not have the same spelling, but they are from the same gender, number and case locations on the endings charts.

16. What are the singular 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings?

singular

masculine feminine neuter

malus mala malum

mali malae mali

malo malae malo

malum malam malum

malo mala malo

17. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings?

plural

masculine feminine neuter

mali malae mala

malorum malarum malorum

malis malis malis

malos malas mala

malis malis malis

18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective singular

celer celeris celereceleris celeris celerisceleri celeri celericelerem celerem celereceleri celeri celeri

18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective plural

celeres celeres celeriacelerium celerium celeriumceleribus celeribus celeribusceleres celeres celeriaceleribus celeribus celeribus

19. What are the 3 degrees of adjectives [and adverbs]?

•positive happy

•comparative happier

•superlative happiest

20. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.

clarus,-a,-um clear

clarior, clarius clearer

clarissimus,-a,-um (1st & 2nd Declension) clearest

21. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.

celer, celeris, celere swift

celerior, celerius swifter

celerrimus,-a,-um (3rd Declension) swiftest

22. How is a 1st & 2nd declension adjective made into an adverb?

•find the stem and add “e”

•clarus: clare

•pulcher: pulchre

23. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees.

bonus melior optimusgood better best

malus peior pessimusbad worse worst

magnus maior maximusgreat, large greater, larger greatest, largest

parvus peius minimussmall smaller smallest

24. How is a 3rd declension adjective made into an adverb?

•find the stem and add “ter” or “iter”

•celer: celeriter

•acer: acriter

25. Give an example and translation of a regular adverb in the 3 degrees.

clare clearly

clarius more clearly

clarissime most clearly

26. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.(positive degree ends in “r”)

celeriter swiftly

celerius more swiftly

celerrime most swiftly

27. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.(stem changes)

magne greatly

maius more greatly

maxime very greatly

28. Write the principal parts of porto, name the principal parts, find and name the stems, and show which tenses can

be formed onto each stem. present present perfect perf. pass

indicative infinitive indicative participle

porto portare portavi portatus present perfect

imperfect

29. How do you recognize the conjugation to which a verb belongs?

Conjugation 1st Prin. Pt 2nd Prin. Pt

1st …………… -o ……. -are

2nd …………… -eo ……. -ēre

3rd ………….. -o ……. -ere

3rd ………….... -io .……. -ere

4th……………. -io ……. -ire

30. Write the principal parts of the following verbs: porto, video, duco, capio, audio

porto portare portavi portatum

video videre vidi visum

ducoducere duxi ductum

capio capere cepi captum

audio audire audivi auditum

(see next 4 slides for close-ups)

present indicative (column 1)

porto

video

duco

capio

audio

present infinitive (column 2)

portare

videre

ducere

capere

audire

perfect indicative (column 3)

portavi

vidi

duxi

cepi

audivi

perfect passive participle(column 4)

portatus,-a,-um

visus,-a,-um

ductus,-a,-um

captus,-a,-um

auditus,-a,-um

(Review of last 4 slides) 31. Write the principal parts of the following

verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio

porto portare portavi portatum

video videre vidi visum

ducoducere duxi ductum

capio capere cepi captum

audio audire audivi auditum

32. How do you recognize the present tense?

•verb looks more like the 1st principal part

•present stem + regular personal endings

33. Write the regular active personal endings

o,m- I mus - WE

s - YOU tis - Y’ALL

t - HE, she, it nt - THEY

34. What do you have to remember about the agreement between verbs and their

subjects?

A verb and its subject agree in person and number

35. How do you translate the present tense (porto)?

I carry

I am carrying

I do carry

36. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense: porto, video, duco, capio, audio

singular plural1st person2nd person3rd person (see next 5 slides for conjugations)

porto I carry 1st Conjugation

porto portamus

portas portatis

portat portant

video I see 2nd Conjugation

video videmus

vides videtis

videt vident

duco I lead 3rd Conjugation

duco ducimus

ducis ducitis

ducit ducunt

capio I take 3rd io Conjugation

capio capimus

capis capitis

capit capiunt

audio I hear 4th Conjugation

audio audimus

audis auditis

audit audiunt

37. Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero.

sum, esse, fui -possum, posse, potui -volo, velle, volui -eo, ire, ii(ivi), itumfero, ferre, tuli, latum

38. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense. sum possum volo

eo fero

See the following 5 slides

sum I am

sum sumuses estisest sunt

possum I am able

possum possumus

potes potestis

potest possunt

volo I wish

volo volumusvis vultisvult volunt

eo I go

eo imus

is itis

it eunt

fero I bear, bring

fero ferimus

fers fertis

fert ferunt

39. How do you recognize the imperfect tense?

“ba” just before the ending

(=present stem + “ba” + personal endings)

40. How do you translate the imperfect tense (portabam)?

I was carrying

I used to carry

I kept on carrying

41. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs.

• ambulabam – I was walking

• portabamus – we were carrying

• videbat - he was seeing

• ducebant – they were leading

• capiebas – you ware taking

• audiebatis – you all were hearing

42. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense.

eram - I was eramus - we were

eras - you were eratis - y’all were

erat - he was erant - they were

43. How do you recognize the perfect tense?

•perfect stem

•any one of the perfect endings

44. Write the perfect personal endings.

i -I imus - we

isti -you istis-y’all

it-he,she,it ērunt -they

45. How do you translate the perfect tense (portavi)?

I carried

I have carried

I did carry

46. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular and irregular verbs. Use the third person singular.

porto --- portavit

video ---vidit

duco --- duxit

capio ---cepit

audio --- audivit

sum --- fuit

possum --- potuit

volo --- voluit

eo --- iit (ivit)

fero --- tulit

47. Define:

Active Voice – subject does the action of the verb

Passive voice – subject receives the action

of the verb

48. Give the Passive Personal Endings.

-r -mur-ris -mini-tur -ntur

Which tenses use these endings?Present, Imperfect, Future only

49. What is the major difference between active and passive Latin verb forms in the

present, imperfect, and future tenses?

*The use of either the active personal endings or the passive personal endings makes these verbs either active or passive.

*There are a few stem vowel changes, such as in the Future tense of 1st and 2nd conjugations,

2nd person singular:

Vocaberis, moneberis

50. Conjugate porto in the present passive (indicative) tense.

portor portamur

portaris portamini

portatur portantur

51. Conjugate porto in the imperfect passive (indicative) tense.

portabar portabamur

portabaris portabamini

portabatur portabantur

52. Conjugate porto in the future passive (indicative) tense.

portabor portabimur

portaberis portabimini

portabitur portabuntur

53. How is the passive voice formed in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses?

Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum:

Perfect Tense

= PPP + sum in the present tense

Pluperfect Tense

= PPP + sum in the imperfect tense

Future Perfect Tense

= PPP + sum in the future tense

54. Conjugate porto in the Perfect Passive (indicative), with English

portatus sum portati sumus I have been carried we have been carried

portatus es portati estis you have been carried you all have been carried

portatus est portati sunt he has been carried they have been carried

55. Conjugate porto in the Pluperfect Passive (Indicative ) with English

portatus eram portati eramus I had been carried we had been carried

portatus eras portati eratis you had been carried you all had been carried

portatus erat portati erant he had been carried they had been carried

56. Conjugate porto in the Future Perfect Passive (Indicative) with English.

portatus ero portati erimus I shall have been carried we shall have been carried

portatus eris portati eritis you will have been carried ya’ll will have been carried

portatus erit portati erunt he will have been carried they will have been carried

57. What are deponent verbs?Give some examples and translations.

Deponent verbs are passive in form, but active in meaning.

A deponent verb can be recognized in the vocabulary by its –or ending

in the 1st principal part.

58. What is an infinitive?

It is a verbal that is translated using

“to” plus the verb meaning

59. What is a participle?

*A participle is an adjective made from a verb, retaining attributes of both.

*As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be

modified by adverbs.

*As an adjective, it has gender, number and case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or

substantive.

60. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle?What are the possible translations?

Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3rd declension endings

portans – nominative

portantem – accusative, as with other cases

carrying, while carrying

61. Decline the present active participle of the verb porto.

(neuter)

portans portantes (portantia)

portantis portantium

portanti portantibus

portantem portantes (portantia)

portante portantibus

62. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle? How do you translate it?

The perfect passive participle is the 4th principal part of a verb. There are no special signals for this one. 1st & 2nd declension endings are used.

(Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive participle – they have a perfect Active participle,

which is their third and last principal part.)

portatus – having been carried

63. How do you recognize the Future Active Participle?

How do you translate it?

The future active participle is the perfect passive participle “stretched”: participial stem + “=ur” plus 1st and

2nd declension endings.

portaturus – about to carry

64. How do you recognize the Future Passive Participle?How do you translate it?By what other name is it called?

The future passive participle has the present stem of the verb plus “-nd” and

1st and 2nd declension endings.

Portandus – to be carried

It is also called the gerundive.

By what other name is it called?

65. What is the Gerundive?

The gerundive is the future passive participle.

66. What is the Passive Periphrastic? Give an example and translate it.Include the Dative of Agent.

Passive periphrastic is the gerundive (future passive participle) + a form of sum.It denotes necessity or obligation

portandum est – It has to be carriedDative of Agent – who does the action mihi portandum est – It has to be carried by me.

(I have to carry it.)

67. What is the ablative absolute?Give examples and translations.

An ablative absolute is a Latin phrase that is loosely connected to its sentence, giving “background” information. It may be set off by commas, and does not modify any other word in the sentence. The two primary words of the construction are in the ablative case.

Noun and participle:

arcu dedicato, with the arch having been dedicatedTwo nouns:

Cogidubno rege, with Cogidubnus the kingNoun and adjective:

populi irati, with the people angry

68. How is the Present Passive Infinitive formed?

Give an example from each conjugation.

Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i”

portare (to carry) becomes portari (to be carried)

For third conjugation, the “=ere” is changed to “-i”

mittere ( to send) becomes mitti (to be sent)

See following slide for examples in each conjugation

68. Examples in each conjugation

1st conjugation – portare becomes portari

2nd conjugation – videre becomes videri

3rd conjugation – ducere becomes duci

3rd io conjugation – capere becomes capi

4th conjugation – audire becomes audiri

69. Notice the subjunctive verb forms.

Present portet ** videat, ducat, audiat

Imperfect portaret (present infinitive +endings)

Pluperfect portavisset (perfect stem + isse + endings)

Future Perfect portaverit **

** not covered before stage 35 in the Cambridge series

70. Look over the subjunctive clauses:

PurposeResultIndirect QuestionIndirect CommandCum Circumstantial

See next slide for examples

70. Subjunctive ClausesPurpose amici ad urbem ambulant ut spectaculum viderent. Salvius Memorem misit qui regem interficeret.Result tam peritus erat tibicen ut omnes eum laudarent.Indirect Question Romani nesciebant quot hostes manerent.Indirect Command senex deam Sulem oravit ut morbum sanaret.Cum Circumstantial (cum meaning “when”) fur, cum amuletum e fonte extraxisset, attonitus erat.

71. What is a preposition?

A preposition indicates the relative position between its object and another noun in the sentence.

72. What two cases do the Latin prepositions govern?

•accusative•ablative

73. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs.

•+ the Accusative:

•ad - toward

•trans - across

•post - behind

•ante - in front of

74. List the Accusative Constructions and give an example of each.

Duration of time:

tres horas ambulaverunt.

Place to which:domum redierunt.

75. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs.

•+ the Ablative:

•ab - away from

•e,ex - out of•cum - with

76. List the Ablative Constructions and give an example of each.Means (What is used to carry out the action of the verb.) Salvius pugione vulneratus est.Manner (How the action of the verb was carried out.)

Cephalus venenum magnā cum curā paravit.

Accompaniment (Who was with whom.)Cogidubnus cum Salvio dicebat.

Time (When something happened)Quintus in Londinio quarto die pervenit.

Agent (Who carried out the action of a passive verb.)cena a Grumione cocta est.

77. Distinguish between in + the ablative case and in + the accusative case

• + the Ablative & Accusative:

at rest motion

•in -in into•sub - under up under

78. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English

meaning of each Latin word.

•see next slides

79. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person.

Give the English meaning of each Latin word.

singular plural

nom. ego - I nos - wegen. mei - of me nostrum, nostri - of us

dat. mihi - to/for me nobis - to/for us

acc. me - me nos - usabl. me - by/with me nobis - by/with

us

80. the personal pronoun in 2ndperson..

singular plural

nom. tu - you vos - yougen. tui - of you vestrum, vestri - of you

dat. tibi - to/for you vobis - to/for you

acc. te - you vos - youabl. te - by/with you vobis - by/with

you

81. 3rd person personal pronoun

singular

is ea id

eius eius eius

ei ei ei

eum eam id eo ea eo

81. 3rd person personal pronoun

plural

ei eae ea

eorum earum eorum

eis eis eis

eos eas eaeis eis eis

82. Decline hic, and give the English

hic haec hoc hi hae haec

huius huius huius horum harum horum

huic huic huic his his his

hunc hanc hoc hos has haec

hoc hāc hoc his his his

This

83. Decline ille, and give the English

ille illa illud illi illae illa

illius illius illius illorum illarum illorum

illi illi illi illis illis illis

illum illam illud illos illas illa

illo illā illo illis illis illis

That

84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,

num, nonne…etc

• -que - and• et - and• sed- but• tamen - nevertheless• autem – however

84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,

num, nonne…etc

• igitur – therefore• postquam - afterwards, after• -ne =a ?-mark• num - expects a “no” answer• nonne - expects a “yes” answer

85. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo, unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc...

• quis - who quot - how many

• quid - what cui - to whom

• ubi - where, when cur - why

• quo - to where quando - when

• unde- from where

• quocum - with whom

86. Be able to recognize and translate the vocative case noun.

•Marcus: Marce

•filius: fili

•Caecilius: Caecili

•meus: mi

87. Be able to recognize and translate the imperative mood verb.

• voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum

•voca! call!

•vocate! you all call!

(87. Negative Commands)

nolo in the imperative mood + infinitive of the action

= do not wish (to___ )

Singular: noli dicere Plural: nolite dicere

88. Remember the special forms:

placet + dative caseplacetne tibi?

- quepueri puellaeque

89. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages. Study the meanings of the Latin words and the English words

derived from them.

90. Make a list of the characters you have met since stages 28 through 34

and write few notes about each.

91. Look over the culture information in the worksheet packets.

92. Study the culture topics: Archeological and Literary EvidenceInscriptionsOrigins of RomeRoman ForumMasadaRoman EngineeringCity of RomeRoman SocietyRoman BeliefsRoman EntertainmentFreedmen and Freedwomen

93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34. You will have to translate on the final exam.

Fortunam bonam habeas!---Magistra