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Rare breeds and varieties of poultry

in Eastern European countries

Elżbieta Smalec

University of Podlasie

Breeds and varieties in the Breeds and varieties in the

World, Europe vs. Eastern European Countries (Estonia, Latvia, World, Europe vs. Eastern European Countries (Estonia, Latvia,

Lituhania, Bulgaria,Romania, Czech Rep., Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Lituhania, Bulgaria,Romania, Czech Rep., Slovakia, Poland, Hungary,

Romania, Slovenia,Serbia, Croatia, Bielorus, Ukraine, Russian Fed. Romania, Slovenia,Serbia, Croatia, Bielorus, Ukraine, Russian Fed.

�� Chicken Chicken –– WorldWorld�� 23552355–– EuropeEurope�� 11691169–– Eastern European countriesEastern European countries�� 539539

�� Duck Duck –– WorldWorld�� 355355–– EuropeEurope�� 159159–– Eastern European countriesEastern European countries�� 7474

�� Muscovy duckMuscovy duck–– WorldWorld�� 11 11 ++ 5050–– EuropeEurope�� 4 4 ++ 1010–– Eastern European countriesEastern European countries�� 4 4 ++ 66

�� GeeseGeese–– WorldWorld�� 251251–– EuropeEurope�� 163163–– Eastern European countriesEastern European countries�� 101101

�� Turkey Turkey –– WorldWorld�� 177177–– EuropeEurope�� 8888–– Eastern European countriesEastern European countries�� 4242

�� http://dad.fao.org/http://dad.fao.org/

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Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Biological Diversity

EstoniaEstonia

�� Chicken (from 14 declared Chicken (from 14 declared �� 0 with native origin) 0 with native origin)

–– Australop, Euribrid, Hisex Brown, Euribrid Hisex, White Australop, Euribrid, Hisex Brown, Euribrid Hisex, White Euribrid, Hybro N, HibroEuribrid, Hybro N, Hibro--6, Hy6, Hy--Line Brown, HiLine Brown, Hi--Line White, ISA Line White, ISA Brown, Lohman Brown, New Hemshire, Ross 2008, Ross 508, Brown, Lohman Brown, New Hemshire, Ross 2008, Ross 508, Shaver 2000, White LeghornShaver 2000, White Leghorn

�� Duck Duck -- 00

�� Muscovy Duck Muscovy Duck -- 00

�� Geese (2Geese (2��0)0)

–– Italian, Rein Germany (from Hungary)Italian, Rein Germany (from Hungary)

�� Turkey (1 Turkey (1 ��00

�� Hidon, imported from Euribrid, in 1982. Hidon, imported from Euribrid, in 1982.

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LatviaLatvia

�� Chicken (from 8 declared Chicken (from 8 declared �� 0 with native origin) 0 with native origin)

–– Babolna, TetraBabolna, Tetra--SL, Bovans, Hisex Brown, Euribrid Hisex, White SL, Bovans, Hisex Brown, Euribrid Hisex, White Gibro g, ISA Brown, Shaver 2000, White Leghorn Gibro g, ISA Brown, Shaver 2000, White Leghorn

�� Duck Duck -- 00

�� Muscovy Duck Muscovy Duck --00

�� Geese (2Geese (2��0)0)

�� Landu, Temps (Italian) Landu, Temps (Italian)

�� Turkey (2 Turkey (2 ��0)0)

�� BIG 6BIG 6

�� BIGBIG--99

LithuaniaLithuania

�� ChickenChicken ((fromfrom 8 8 declareddeclared �� 0 0 withwith nativenative originorigin) )

–– CobbCobb 500, IZAI 500, IZAI LohmanLohman, LSC , LSC MisexMisex, Brown Ross 2008, Ross 308, , Brown Ross 2008, Ross 308, LohmanLohman BrownBrown

�� DuckDuck -- 00

�� MuscovyMuscovy DuckDuck --00

�� GeeseGeese (5(5��1)1)

-- MeatMeat VishtinesVishtines (cross (cross betweenbetween locallocal LithuanianLithuanian and and PrussianPrussian geesegeese..�� ChineseChinese Grey, Big Grey, Big ItalianItalian, White , White ReinRein, ,

�� Turkey (3 Turkey (3 ��0)0)

�� BIG 5BIG 5

�� BUT 8BUT 8

�� BUT 9BUT 9

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BulgariaBulgaria

�� ChickenChicken (10(10��0)0)

Arbor Acres AA broiler breeders BovanceArbor Acres AA broiler breeders Bovance-- G Cobb 500, Hubbard, G Cobb 500, Hubbard, Hybro, ISA ISA Brown, Lohman, Shaver, Shaver Shaver Minibro Hybro, ISA ISA Brown, Lohman, Shaver, Shaver Shaver Minibro

�� Duck Duck --00

�� Duck Muscovy (1Duck Muscovy (1��0)0)

–– MullardMullard

�� GeeseGeese-- 00

�� TurkeyTurkey (4(4��1 )1 )

–– Beltsvile, North Caucasian Bronze, Beltsvile, North Caucasian Bronze, Nova ZagoraNova Zagora, White Emperor , White Emperor

Czech RepublicCzech Republic

�� ChickenChicken (43(43��4)4)�� Bohemian Fowl (XIXBohemian Fowl (XIX–– 1850 , 1913 crossed with imported ) 1850 , 1913 crossed with imported ) �� Bohemian FowlBohemian Fowl--Golden Penciled =Bohemian gold speckled hen Golden Penciled =Bohemian gold speckled hen �� Bohemian FowlBohemian Fowl--Partridge Partridge �� OravkaOravka

�� CC--Group of Congenic Lines Group of Congenic Lines –– (imported in 1958); Amrock, Ancona, Antwerpen, (imported in 1958); Amrock, Ancona, Antwerpen, Bearded Aracuana, Aseel, Australorp , Bantam, Barnevelder, Cochin, Bearded Aracuana, Aseel, Australorp , Bantam, Barnevelder, Cochin, Dresdener, Duych, Favorelle Hamburgh Hampshire, Houden, Indian Fighters, Dresdener, Duych, Favorelle Hamburgh Hampshire, Houden, Indian Fighters, Old English Foghter, Jokohama, La Fleche, Leghorn, Malay Minor, Modern Old English Foghter, Jokohama, La Fleche, Leghorn, Malay Minor, Modern English, Miniature Plymuth RIR, Sebright, Silkie, Sumatra Game, English, Miniature Plymuth RIR, Sebright, Silkie, Sumatra Game, Sussex,Welsumer, Wyandotte Sussex,Welsumer, Wyandotte

�� Duck (11Duck (11 �� 0)0)–– American Pekin, Campbell, Cayuga, Dsshed, Dwarf voland Emerald, Indian American Pekin, Campbell, Cayuga, Dsshed, Dwarf voland Emerald, Indian

Runner, Orpington, Pomern Runner Orpington, SaxonyRunner, Orpington, Pomern Runner Orpington, Saxony

�� Muscovy duckMuscovy duck (1(1�� 0)0)–– MullardMullard

�� Goose (11Goose (11��22))–– Bohemian Curly Czech (Bohemian Goose Club with >20 private farmers) Bohemian Curly Czech (Bohemian Goose Club with >20 private farmers) –– Czech White (good sitters, 2x a year)Czech White (good sitters, 2x a year)

–– White German, Italian, Landes, Pomern, Slovak, Steinbacher, Swan Goose, White German, Italian, Landes, Pomern, Slovak, Steinbacher, Swan Goose, ToulouseToulouse

�� Turkey (7Turkey (7��0)0)–– Black, Black and White, Red, White, White Bordered Yellow, BronzeBlack, Black and White, Red, White, White Bordered Yellow, Bronze

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SlovakiaSlovakia

�� ChickenChicken ((1010��11//33))

–– Oravka (Oravka (19501950))–– Slovgal Slovgal 0303a, a, 0505a, a, 0606a (synthetic)a (synthetic)

�� Duck (Duck (33��00))–– Indian Runner, Pekin,Rouen Indian Runner, Pekin,Rouen

�� Duck Muscovy Duck Muscovy --00

�� GeeseGeese-- ((22��00))–– Landes, Pomeranian Landes, Pomeranian

�� TurkeyTurkey ((11��0 0 ))–– BronzeBronze

HungaryHungary

�� Chicken (19Chicken (19�� 4/13 )4/13 )–– White Transylvanian Naked Neck White Transylvanian Naked Neck –– Black HarcoBlack Harco–– Bovan Bovan –– Sarga Mayar, Sarga Mayar,

�� Arbor Acres AA broiler breeders Babolna, Babolna Tetra SL, Feher erdelyi kopasznyjaku Arbor Acres AA broiler breeders Babolna, Babolna Tetra SL, Feher erdelyi kopasznyjaku Godelle New Hempshire Plymuth RossGodelle New Hempshire Plymuth Ross

�� Duck (7Duck (7�� 1 )1 )–– Pekingase Duck of hortobágy Pekingase Duck of hortobágy –– Cherry Valley, Super MCherry Valley, Super M--2, K2, K--94 Pekin, Delaco, Pekin of Sasd, Seddin Vital94 Pekin, Delaco, Pekin of Sasd, Seddin Vital

�� Muscovy duck (3Muscovy duck (3�� 0 )0 )–– Barbarie of Sásd Barbarie ST 4 Compact DelancoBarbarie of Sásd Barbarie ST 4 Compact Delanco

�� Geese (28Geese (28�� 8 )8 )

–– Ditmarschi Moorho, Hungarian Frizzled Goose, Freezly Feathered Hungarian, Giant White of Ditmarschi Moorho, Hungarian Frizzled Goose, Freezly Feathered Hungarian, Giant White of Andocs, Goose of Babat, Gourmand SI 14, Grey Goose of Orosháza, Grey Landes of Babat, Andocs, Goose of Babat, Gourmand SI 14, Grey Goose of Orosháza, Grey Landes of Babat, Grey Landes of Babolna, Hungarian Goose of Oroshaza, Kun Goose, Hungarian White Grey Landes of Babolna, Hungarian Goose of Oroshaza, Kun Goose, Hungarian White Hungavis, Lippitsch Goose Hybrid, White Emden of Bábolna, Medioplam …. Hungavis, Lippitsch Goose Hybrid, White Emden of Bábolna, Medioplam ….

�� Turkey (7Turkey (7�� 2 )2 )

–– Bronzpulyka (XVIII from EnglandBronzpulyka (XVIII from England–– Rezpulyka (XVIII from Bosnia) Rezpulyka (XVIII from Bosnia)

�� BUT 9, BUT big, Hybrid Euro FP LW hybrid Nicholas BUT 9, BUT big, Hybrid Euro FP LW hybrid Nicholas

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RomaniaRomania

�� Chicken (95Chicken (95�� 1/ 22)1/ 22)–– Barboasa de anvers Barboasa de anvers –– Barnevelder Bantam (1971)Barnevelder Bantam (1971)–– Brahma alba (1971)Brahma alba (1971)–– Brahma herminat deschis Brahma herminat deschis –– Brahma herminat inchisBrahma herminat inchis–– Chochinchina galbena (1967Chochinchina galbena (1967--1968)1968)–– Chochinchina neagra Chochinchina neagra –– Combatant indian/ Indian GameCombatant indian/ Indian Game–– Combatant malaez galben Combatant malaez galben –– Combatant malaez alb Combatant malaez alb –– Combatant malaez rosu inchis Combatant malaez rosu inchis –– Drezda Drezda –– Gaina de portelanGaina de portelan--pitica pitica –– Git golas de transilvania alb (1968Git golas de transilvania alb (1968--1969) 1969) –– Git golas de transilvania baratGit golas de transilvania barat–– Git golas de transilvania negruGit golas de transilvania negru–– Git golas de transilvania rosuGit golas de transilvania rosu–– Langsham (1967 )Langsham (1967 )–– Marans barat Marans barat –– Marans Silver ColumbianMarans Silver Columbian–– Orloff Orloff –– Welsummer Maron Welsummer Maron –– White Sultan White Sultan

�� Duck 0Duck 0�� Muscovy Duck 0 Muscovy Duck 0 �� Goose 0Goose 0�� Turkey 0Turkey 0

SloveniaSlovenia��ChickenChicken (52(52��7)7)

SlovenianSlovenian BarredBarred Hen Hen SlovenianSlovenian Heavy Heavy WeightWeight Hen Hen SlovenianSlovenian LateLate FeatheringFeathering Hen Hen SlovenianSlovenian Brown Hen Brown Hen SlovenianSlovenian SilverSilver Hen Hen SlovenianSlovenian EarlyEarly FatheringFathering Hen Hen StyrianStyrian Hen (XIX)Hen (XIX)

��DuckDuck (10(10��0/ 2 )0/ 2 )–– CrestedCrested, , KajugaKajuga, , OrpinhtonOrpinhton, , Pekin,,RouenPekin,,Rouen, , SaxonySaxony, , Indian Indian RunnerRunner, , HifhHifh FlyFly, , Pritlikava,SmaragodnaPritlikava,Smaragodna, ,

��DuckDuck -- MuscovyMuscovy (1(1�� 00��GeeseGeese (7(7��0) 0)

––EmbdenEmbden, , FizzleFizzle, , PomeranPomeran, Landes, Grey, , Landes, Grey, SlovakSlovak, , ToulouseToulouse

��Turkey 1Turkey 1��00

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Serbia Serbia

�� ChickenChicken (20(20�� 7)7)–– SvrljigSvrljig Black Black --createdcreated throughthrough uncontrolleduncontrolled crossingcrossing withwith differentdifferent

breedsbreeds importedimported intointo Serbia (Serbia (AustralorpAustralorp, , LangshanLangshan) (1900) ) (1900) –– EeastEeast SerbianSerbian, , –– KosovoKosovo Singer (1900 Singer (1900 withwith thethe TurkishTurkish invasioninvasion))–– NackedNacked Neck Neck –– Sombor Sombor CrestedCrested ((originatedoriginated fromfrom crossingcrossing of of locallocal chickenchicken withwith

HoudanHoudan and and SulmtalSulmtal breedbreed) ) –– DecanDecan locallylocally adaptedadapted breedbreed–– GolovrataGolovrata

�� DuckDuck (3(3��1)1)–– DomesticDomestic DuckDuck–– BeijingBeijing, , RouaneRouane

�� MuscovyMuscovy DuckDuck --00

�� GeeseGeese --00

BelarusBelarus

��ChickenChicken (5(5��0/2)0/2)

––BelarusBelarus 9, 9,

––BelarusBelarus BrownBrown��CobbCobb, , HisexHisex, White Ross, White Ross

��DuckDuck --00

��MuscovyMuscovy DuckDuck --00

��Turkey Turkey --00

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UkraineUkraine (90(90��5)5)

�� ChickenChicken (90(90��5)5)–– PoltavaPoltava Clay (XIX)Clay (XIX)

�� PoltavaPoltava Clay Clay ExperimentalExperimental Line 6Line 6

�� PoltavaPoltava Clay Clay ExperimentalExperimental Line P5Line P5

�� PoltavaPoltava Clay Line 14Clay Line 14

�� PoltavaPoltava Clay Line 37Clay Line 37

�� PoltavaPoltava Clay Line 41Clay Line 41

–– UkrainianUkrainian BeardedBearded (XIX) (XIX)

–– UkrainianUkrainian ForelockForelock

–– UkrainianUkrainian UshankyUshanky breedbreed

–– UkrainianUkrainian VushankaVushanka

�� DuckDuck (12(12��

�� MuskovyMuskovy duckduck --00

�� GooseGoose (16(16��

�� Turkey (4Turkey (4��

RussianRussian FederationFederation

�� ChickenChicken (25(25��1/15 commercial) 1/15 commercial)

–– YurlovYurlov CrowerCrower–– BaosBaos 123, 123, BelarusBelarus 9, Broiler 6 CK9, Broiler 6 CK--213, CK 213, CK RsRs, CK Rus 2, White P, , CK Rus 2, White P, KubanKuban 123, 123, SibiryakSibiryak,… u,… u

�� DuckDuck (4(4��1)1)

–– BlagovarskiBlagovarski–– BeijingBeijing, Medeo, , Medeo, MedeoMedeo 22

�� MuscovyMuscovy duckduck --00

�� GeeseGeese (9 / 23 (9 / 23 �� 4 / 9)4 / 9)

–– KubanKuban, , LindovskayaLindovskaya White, White, LindovskayaLindovskaya Grey, Grey, ShadrinskayaShadrinskaya, , ShadrinskayaShadrinskaya FightingFighting PerejeslavskayaPerejeslavskaya, ,

�� Turkey (3Turkey (3�� 2?)2?)

–– Northern Northern CaucasusCaucasus BronzeBronze–– Northern Northern CaucasusCaucasus WhiteWhite

��

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Poland Poland

�� ChickenChicken (32 (32 ��4)4)–– GreenGreen--LeggedLegged PartridgePartridge ZKZK–– GreenGreen--LeggedLegged PartridgePartridge Z11Z11–– YellowYellow--LeggedLegged PartridgePartridge Z33Z33–– PolbarPolbar

�� No No buffbuff lacedlaced PolishPolish��

�� DuckDuck (24(24�� 2/13 )2/13 )–– Astra K, Astra K, –– Astra KAstra K--11–– Astra P54Astra P54–– DworkaDworka–– MiniMini--duckduck–– Pekin K11, P11, P22, P44, P66, P77, Pekin K11, P11, P22, P44, P66, P77, PolishPolish

�� MuscovyMuscovy DuckDuck --00

�� GeeseGeese (18(18��10 )10 )–– White White KoludaKoluda W11, W33, Bi, Ga, Go, W11, W33, Bi, Ga, Go, KaKa, Ki, , Ki, LsDLsD 01, Lu, ND12 01, Lu, ND12 PdPd, Po, , Po,

RoRo, , RyRy, , SlSl, Su, Za , Su, Za

�� Turkey (8 Turkey (8 ��0)0)–– BIG 6, BUT 8 BUT 9, BIG 6, BUT 8 BUT 9, HybridHybrid ConverterConverter Euro FP Euro FP HybridHybrid GradeGrade Marker Marker

Nicholas 300 Nicholas 700Nicholas 300 Nicholas 700

WhatWhat do we do we savesave??

��BreedsBreeds, , strainsstrains ((nativenative, , importedimported)?)?

��

�� ImportedImported whenwhen? 10, 20, 50 ? 10, 20, 50 yearsyears? ?

��Commercial (Commercial (importedimported) lines?) lines?

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NativeNative breedsbreeds

TheThe animalsanimals areare reportedreported

–– to show to show resistanceresistance to to diseasedisease;;

––cancan toleratetolerate badbad environmentalenvironmentalconditionsconditions

–– resistantresistant to to poorpoor conditionsconditions and and poorpoorfeedingfeeding;;

��LocallyLocally adaptedadapted breedbreed

��TransboundrTransboundr breedsbreeds

��GenesGenes, , variabiltyvariabilty!!

VariationVariation

�� SelectionSelection ((bothboth natural and natural and artificialartificial)= )= accumulatingaccumulating V;V;

�� MigratingMigrating and and geneticgenetic driftdrift ==alteringaltering V;V;

�� GeographicGeographic isolationisolation =development of =development of distinctivedistinctive regionalregionalvarietiesvarieties;;

�� XX XX centurycentury �� grewgrew out out thethe poultrypoultry industry:industry:–– crossbreedscrossbreeds

–– arificialarificial selectionselection

–– incubatorsincubators

�� ��fewfew multinationalmultinational corporationscorporations supplysupply most of most of thetheproductionproduction bredbred birdsbirds

�� ��vsvs breedersbreeders as a as a hobbyistshobbyists

�� DiversityDiversity hashas tendedtended to to becomebecome segregatedsegregated withinwithin groupsgroupsof of specialspecial purposepurpose and and specialspecial inerestinerest group as industrial group as industrial breedersbreeders, lab , lab scientistsscientists, , aviculturistsaviculturists, , hobbyisthobbyist and and genegeneconservationistsconservationists. .

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(1886)(1886)

PaduanPaduan hen hen

Names:Names:PolishPolish hen (a hen (a misnomermisnomer) ) ––

((frfr.) .) raserase PaduePadue ditedite polonaisepolonaise vsvs PaduePadue hollandaisehollandaise

�� 1869 1869 inin DresdenDresden insteadinstead of of PaduanhPaduanhüühnerhner�� HollanderhHollanderhüühnerhner

�� Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland, Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland, diuk of diuk of LotaryngienLotaryngien(1677(1677--1766)1766)–– PompadurPompadur��PadurPadur ��PadouePadoue

�� 16561656-- BorelliBorelli�� 1790 1790 BlumenbachBlumenbach�� 1805 G. 1805 G. SaintSaint--HilaireHilaire�� 1857 1857 –– dr dr A.DrechslerA.Drechsler secretarysecretary of of

DresdenDresden PoultryPoultry AssociationAssociation-- describeddescribedPolishPolish crestedcrested hen hen

�� Holland Holland –– BatavaneBatavane�� PadovaPadova –– PatavinaePatavinae

�� ScullScull of of crestedcrested birdbird inin SommersedSommerseddatingdating AD 350AD 350

–– DDüürungerrunger B: B: KatechismusKatechismus der der GeflGeflüügelzuchtgelzucht. 1860. . 1860.

–– American American PoultryPoultry AssociationAssociation (1998). (1998). TheThe American Standard of American Standard of PerfectionPerfection. . PetalumaPetaluma, CA: Global , CA: Global InterprintInterprint

Stanislaw Leszczyński,

King of Poland,

diuk of Lotaryngia

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CrestsCrests

Green and Green and YellowYellow--LeggedLegged PartridgePartridge

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AracanasAracanas ((earear TuftsTufts + + blueblue oror greengreen eggseggs))

HensHens’ ’ greengreen shellshell of of eggseggs

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FreezleFreezle

NakedNaked ––Neck Neck resistantresistant to to heatheat stressstress

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FeatheredFeathered legslegs

DucksDucks

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TuftedTufted vsvs knobknob and and devlapdevlap ((pendulouspendulous foldfold of skin)of skin)

CurlyCurly feathersfeathers ((Sebastopol'sSebastopol's, , HungarianHungarian, Czech) , Czech)

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ColorColor of bill and of bill and feetfeet

ColorColor variantsvariants

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�� „„FittingFitting animalanimal genotypesgenotypes to to chosenchosenenvironment, environment, ratherrather thanthan modifyingmodifyingenvironment to suit environment to suit thethe animalanimal””

Do we Do we differdiffer inin genegene

conservancyconservancy? ? ��EasternEastern EuropeanEuropean countriescountries vsvsWestern Western EuropeanEuropean countriescountries

��Not Not inin thethe numbernumber of of breedsbreeds..

��TheThe otherother differencesdifferences… …

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ThankThank youyou for for youryour attentionattention