SANLIC CONFERENCE-Mhlanga, KZN

23 May 2017

Robert J Pearce

Director: Library & Information Services

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PortElizabeth

NMMU Library andInformation Servicessupport for Open Access

Thanks for the SANLIC conference organizers for affording me theopportunity to speak.My Paper cover:

Open Access and what it entails Open Educational Resources (OER) NMMU LIS contribution to Open Access NRF Statement on Open Access Jeffrey Beal’s contributions to identify Predatory Journals Signing of the Berlin Declaration Writing an Open Access Policy Starting an Institutional Repository Conclusion Way Forward

My interest in this, is that I am the Sponsor ofthe Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University inPort Elizabeth’s Team on Open Access andwas also responsible with the Team (underthe leadership of Noma Bell) to organize afruitful One Day Seminar on Open Access inJuly 2015 at our South Campus. I am alsoresponsible for writing the Open AccessPolicy for NMMU and the driver to ensure thatour University signs the Berlin Declaration.

My first encounter with OA was in 2012 at VaalUniversity of Technology-so I am “Johnny-come-lately”.

This when Budapest 2001 on OA happened andBerlin 2003 already transpired

Thanks to: *Susan Veldsman and VUT Librarians (2012) *Daisy Selematsela and Lazarus Matizirofa-NRF

workshops and NRF statements on OA andPredatory Journals

*Ina Smith one of our Speakers at NMMU in 2015 *Ingrid Thomson of UCT Libraries and HELIG

Reggie Raju of UCT also one of our Presenters in2015

CHELSA Members (where applicable) for sharingOA Policies-even in draft form. Here I mustmention Univ of Zululand, UCT Univ Libraries,DUT Library, Univ of Pretoria and RhodesUniv=Benchmarking

*NMMU LIS staff *Jeremiah Pietersen for an excellent MA *Max-Planck Institute, Germany for Berlin

Declaration and accompanying policy documentson OA

*To those who are not mentioned-Thanks

In Gauteng, I saw this sticker on a Car once:

“This car was built from genuine stolen part”

The same goes for this presentation:

Ina, Susan, Daisy, Reggie and others if yourecognize anything here, please do not Turn-me-In to Turnitin because I did not transgressyour Copyright, I only applied OA principles! Soapply OA principles and use my slides freely

Thanks to all of you for being responsible formmy OA passion-The shoulders of OA Giants

This paper is not for the converted, i.e. the 21st

Century LIS Experts-also apologies forconcentrating only on University Libraries-If you have an OA Policy, an Institutional or DigitalRepository, then you will be bored.-But remember the “Digital Divide”. There aresome Libraries, especially Public Libraries whodoes not have a clue about OA, OA Policies,Institutional Repositories or the NRF Statements.Last year in LIASA Mpumalanga requested me totalk about OA, assist them with ideas on DigitalRepositories and OA Policies-for some of thoseLibrarians, it was the first time-Like 2012 was afirst time for me! So Converted bear with me…..

Port Elizabeth:

The Friendly City

The Windy City

The Naughty Baby: Wet and Windy

Some Pictures:

NMMU- Information Commonsfor Undergraduate Students

NMMU- InformationCommons for UndergraduateStudents

NMMU- Research Commons for M &D Students, Academics andResearchers

Open access is, simply, the ideathat research articles should befreely, immediately andpermanently available online toanyone, rather than locked awayin subscription journals as manycurrently are.”

Open Access as a practice which seeksto open up access to scholarlyinformation globally is defined bySuber (2010:1) as literature that is‘digital, online, free of charge, and freeof most copyright and licensingrestrictions’. Suber (2010:1) noted thatOpen Access ‘removes price barriers(subscriptions, licensing fees, and pay-per-view fees) and permission barriers(most copyright and licensingrestrictions)’. The prohibitive cost ofjournals and electronic resources overthe years led to the emergence of theOpen Access movement

The OA movement originated as a direct response to thesubscription crisis, that is, the exponential increase in the cost ofjournal subscriptions on the back of decreasing acquisition budgets.The founding philosophy of the movement was the sharing ofscholarly literature for the furtherance of research. It is accepted thatthe primary purpose of dissemination of research is for thegeneration on new knowledge. The origins of OA were underpinnedby a philanthropic philosophy, that is, sharing of research output forthe benefit of society and the research community. However, it wasnot long after the initiation of OA that improved visibility ofresearch output began to gain prominence and began to overshadowthe original philanthropic purpose. Vendors, recognizing thevisibility imperative, constructed a new business model througharticle processing charges which met the demand for improvedvisibility: the pendulum now began to swing back to the vendor.

The openness movement or the open scholarshipmovement has three significant pillars namely, opensource, open access and open educational resources. Thisopen scholarship trilogy accentuates the need for thecontinuance of the cooperative relationship between OpenSource (that is open software), Open Access (OA) and OpenEducational Resources (OER). Open Educational Resources(OER) are teaching, learning, and research resources thatreside in the public domain or have been released underan intellectual property license that permits their free useor re-purposing by others. Examples include full courses,course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos,tests, software, and any other tools, materials, ortechniques used to support access to knowledge (Atkins etal 2007. Accessed 1 May 2017).

Open Access-Used the Peter Suber definition

On previous Slide

This will be addressed later in more detail

New technologies: the net andapplications.

Economic imperatives: theinput/output distortions of thescholarly publishing business(worsened by exchange ratedisadvantage).

Researcher motivation: the ceaselessquest for recognition and/or impact.

The proposition that open access only everconcerned the 'give-away literature'

(i.e. the scholarly output for which authors,and referees get no monetary return).

In a 2014 article entitled “Open Access in SouthAfrica: A case study and reflections”, the AuthorsCzerniewicz & Goodler observed the following onOA:

Many South African researchers are unfortunatelyencountering open access for the first time innegative terms:

*through expensive article-processing charges(APC’s);

*through the discourse of regulatory compliance-which is the opposite of academic freedom; and

*academic rigour which all Scholars hold dear.

Czerniewicz & Goodler (2014) concludes bysaying:

It is therefore not surprising that researchersresponses range from downright Negative toExtremely sceptical and they (and others) have alack of understanding regarding either the valueproposition of OA or the practical effects of OA

NMMU experience: Supporting OA is like givingaway my Birth right!

‘Openness’ is much broader than open access. Theopenness movement or the open scholarshipmovement has three significant pillars namely, opensource, open access and open educational resources.This open scholarship trilogy accentuates the need forthe continuance of the cooperative relationshipbetween open source, open access and openeducational resources

Blended Learning

Blended Learning refers to a combination ofdistance education and classroom

instruction. This usually involves a series ofon-site classes or training sessions

supplemented by the use of the Web or alearning management system for access to

learning resources (Moore & Kearsley2012:92).

According to Clark and Mayer (2011:8-9), e-learning, alsoreferred to as online-learning, can be described as thetransference of information through technology to enhancethe learning situation. E-learning is a support system thatrelies on technology to provide an interactive environmentthat aids the learning process. Some of the benefits that ariseout of the use of e-learning are “portability; any time, anyplace connectivity; flexible and timely access to e-learningresources; immediacy of communication; empowerment andengagement of learners; and active learning experiences.

The concept of ‘Openness’ which is muchbroader than open access. The shift is seeingUniversity libraries moving from merely providingremote access to services and resources to moreinvolvement in instructional design andimplementation, embedded librarianship model,deployment of Open Sources Software, ContentManagement System (CMS), databases drivensubject guides. Content Management Systemsand E-learning platforms such as Blackboard andMoodle are used by University Libraries asDiscussion Board Forums, to add course material,review course material, post additional materialand respond to students questions.

Moodle (like Blackboard) is an open sourceplatform for educators to develop andmanage courses online. Educators can also usthe platform to build the perfect educationsolution their and their students’ needs.(Moodle 2017).

Librarians can use Blackboard and Moodle forposting Library online tutorials, respond toLibrary users queries and suggestions and forasynchronous Information literacy skills trainingand for faculty/subject librarians to upload theirblogs.

The popularity of Open Access (OA) has risengreatly amongst Universities and their Librariesas well as amongst academics and researchersmainly because of the rising costs of subscriptionbased resources (Guédon, 2004: 315;Oppenheim, 2008:580).

Academic libraries have become key stakeholdersin the Open Access (OA) movement because ofthe expertise in the management of scholarlycommunications already residing withinacademic libraries. Open access has the potentialto fill gaps in collections of academic librariesthat cannot afford high subscription costs. Ameans of publishing research via open access isthrough an institutional repository. Like many ofthe digital services in an academic library,repository services fall under the umbrella ofdigital scholarship centres.

Mobile Library Websites and MOPACS (mobile OPACS), that is, mobileversions of the Libraries websites for the Users to access on the go

Mobile Collections that is digital media, e-books, online databases,video and music files (and other online collections) those Users canaccess enabling them to benefit from using the Libraries Serviceremotely

Mobile Library Users Instruction-Users can access the Library’sonline-tutorials and classes on Information Literacy Skills training viatheir Mobile devises

Mobile audio tours-Online guided tours of the Main Library andBranch Libraries should be provided

Library SMS notification-Text messages and alerts should be sent bythe Library via SMS to mobile devices and Users can respond to thesemessages and alerts via their Mobile Devices. These alerts could be:overdue notices, announcements of new accessions, reminders onInterlibrary Loans and requested information, bibliographies orindexes that were compiled by Faculty Librarians/Personal Librarians.

If Librarians want to hold on to their role asan Information professionals, they need tobe able to reach out to users in theirpreferred method of Communication.(Griffey, 2010)

Today's challenge is delivering services tosmartphones, eBook readers, andtablets to users on the go who now viewmore content on mobile devices thandesktop and laptop computers.

eBook sales outpace paper books, andusers increasingly download music,movies, and books from iTunes andKindle, storing their purchases in theCloud.

http://www.amigos.org/mobile_tech

Generation X, Y & Z

Generation Z : the i-Generation or i-Gens

•iGens are connected•iGens are born multi-taskers•iGens are vast consumers of media•iGens want to create their own world•iGens don’t draw a line between work andpersonal life•iGens work smarter not harder•IGens they don’t like procedures• iGens need to be engaged in creative,technologically-driven ways

• Library Services on the GO!• 24/7 Access to the Library Catalogue,

websites, services & resources• Social Interactions via Mobile Web 2.0

Applications• Current Awareness to Services and

Resources• Information Retrieval & Reference Services• eBook Readers on Loan

At the PALM of your Users HANDS!

Access Library via Mobile Phones

NMMU LIS Facebook PageThrough the NMMU web site andtheir E-mail addresses, Libraryusers can access the following:

• The LIS web site• The LIS Facebook site• The Taylor and Francis

Online Mobile database

It makes it simple for us students to access theInternet, instead of standing in long queues

Thank you for the privilege effort for students toaccess the Wi-Fi in the library

Makes life easier It should be accessible everywhere on campus

not only the library Sometime connecting to the Internet is a problem

because of the username and password If the computers are fully occupied, we can

connect to Internet through Wi-Fi.

BackgroundThe National Research Foundation(NRF) was established through theNational Research Foundation Act(Act No.23 of 1998). As anindependent statutory agency, theorganisation promotes andsupports research in South Africalargely through the country’sHigher Education Institutions(HEIs), National Research Facilitiesand Science Councils with a view togenerating knowledge andpromoting high-level researchcapacity within the National Systemof Innovation (NSI).

Supporting scientific research through publicfunding is important for growing theknowledge economy, promoting innovationand stimulating appropriate development.The publication of NRF-funded researchoutputs contributes to the knowledgebase ofthe country. Open access to this knowledgebase facilitates:

Dissemination of knowledge;

Utilisation/uptake/application of thisknowledge

Accelerated transformation and globalisationof science; and

Rapid transformation of this knowledge intoinnovative and developmental applications forthe benefit of society.

Statement

The NRF recognises the importance of OpenAccess to science and research while at thesame time appreciating that Open Access willcontinue to evolve in response to societalneeds, achieving overarching policyharmonisation and new innovative publishingbusiness models.

From 01 March 2015, authors of research papersgenerated from research either fully or partiallyfunded by NRF, when submitting and publishing inacademic journals, should deposit their final peer-reviewed manuscripts that have been accepted by thejournals, to the administering Institution Repositorywith an embargo period of no more than 12 months.Earlier Open Access may be provided should this beallowed by the publisher. If the paper is published inan Open Access journal or the publisher allows thedeposit of the published version in PDF format, suchversion should be deposited into the administeringInstitutional Repository and Open Access should beprovided as soon as possible.

In addition, the data supporting thepublication should be deposited in anaccredited Open Access repository, with theprovision of a Digital Object Identifier forfuture citation and referencing.

The NRF encourages its stakeholdercommunity, including NRF’s Business Unitsand National Research Facilities, to:

Formulate detailed policies on Open Accessof publications and data from its fundedresearch;

Establish Open Access repositories; and

Support public access to the repositoriesthrough web search and retrieval according tointernational standards and best practice.

The NRF requires its relevant Business Units andNational Research Facilities to actively collaboratewith relevant governmental departments andpublic higher education and research institutionsto facilitate Open Access to publicationsgenerated from publicly funded research. TheNRF requires its stakeholder community toactively seek collaboration with the internationalscientific community to facilitate the OpenAccess of publications generated from publiclyfunded research across the world.

Why the decision to draft a position paper on openaccess? The NRF is signatory to the Berlin Declarationon Open Access to Knowledge in the Science andHumanities. The issue of open access has gainedimpetus over the past years with internationalfunding agencies such as the Global Research Councilof which the NRF is a member. The NRF supportsscientific research through public funding and indoing so contributes to growing the local knowledgeeconomy, promoting innovation and stimulatingappropriate development which benefits sharing andthe reuse of research outputs. This statement bringsthe NRF into line with other international fundingagencies.

Examples: The NRF statement indicates that research data needs

to be deposited in an accredited repository and thatthe repository should make provision for a DOI. The….. repository makes use of the handle system toprovide a persistent identifier for referencing. It is myassumption that a handle would be equallyacceptable. Is this correct? Handles will be equallyacceptable, but DOI system preferred as it “utilisesthe Handle System as one component in building anadded value application, for the persistent,semantically interoperable, identification ofintellectual property entities”(http://doi.org/factsheets/DOIHandle.html).

Who should be funding the creation of therepositories? It is the responsibility of the individualinstitutions together with their respective Library andInformation Services.

14. How will other researchers access this repositoryif they want to read papers published by their peerswho are funded by the NRF? The established IRs areregistered and linked to the Directory of Open AccessRepositories (DOAR). NRF may, in time, provide asearch facility based on harvested meta-data.

15. Why is there a 12-month embargo? The 12 monthembargo exists to provide allowances to publishersto sell their products after its initial publication for aperiod before making it freely available.

NRF Statement on Predatory Journals and Deceptive Publishers

The National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa’s peer review and

adjudication system has identified a number of instances where applicationsfor

research grants, scholarships and NRF rating include publications inpredatory

journals or cite invitations by deceptive publishers to serve on editorialboards

of journals.

This practice is neither supported nor encouraged by the NRF as it challenges

the integrity of the NRF’s scientific peer review process. The use of predatory

journals and deceptive publishers compromises the creation anddissemination

of rigorous scientific and scholarly work within the Digital and Open Access

movement.

In order to protect the integrity of the NRF’s processes andreputation from

these unethical and unscholarly practices, the NRF reserves theright to not

consider applications where this practice is evident. The NRF encourages its stakeholder community, including the

NRF’s Business Units and its National Research Facilities (NFs), to: · Ensure that its researchers and students adhere to the

principles of research integrity and are aware of predatory journals and

deceptive publishers; and · Avoid publishing in journals that do not have a rigorous peer

review system or scholarly publishing practices.

Predatory publishers arecorrupting open accessSource: Nature-2012

Jeffrey Beall is an American librarian. He is thescholarly initiatives librarian at AurariaLibrary, and an associate professor at theUniversity of Colorado, Denver.[1] He is a criticof the open access publishing movement andis especially known for his blog, ScholarlyOpen Access, which monitors "predatoryopen access publishing", a term he coined.Beall has also written on this topic in TheCharleston Advisor, in Nature,[2] and inLearned Publishing

Criticism of open access publishingPredatory open access publishing

Beall's list and the Science sting

◦ Counter-criticism

◦ Website removal

Not the Beall and end-all*(https://aoasg.org.au/2017/03/27/not-the-beall-and-end-all/)

Beall now says that “there was pressure frommy university [University of Coldorado,Denver] to stop”.

To enhance open access, Universities for the benefit of theirstudents, academics, researchers and libraries sign “openaccess” declarations. An example is the 2003 Berlin Declarationon Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities(hereafter the Berlin Declaration) (Berlin Declaration, 2017:1). Anumber of South African Organizations and Universities signedthe Berlin Declaration amongst others: Library and InformationAssociation Of South Africa (LIASA 2011), the Universityof Stellenbosch, Rhodes University, University of Cape Town,University of South Africa, University of Pretoria, University ofJohannesburg, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom,South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, DurbanUniversity of Technology, University of the Western Cape,University of the Witwatersrand, University of KwaZulu-Natal,University of the Free State etcetera for a complete list pleasevisit the Berlin Declaration website (Accessed 2 April 2017).

Library and Information Association Of South Africa

Signatory to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in theSciences and Humanities

LIASA, the official association of the Library and Information Sector inSouth Africa and a leading association on the African continent, herebypledges its support for the Open Access Movement.

As a signatory, LIASA, hereby commits to: implement a policy of publishing its official publications in an open

access forum; and

actively advocate and promote the Open Access Movement.

Signed …………………………………… Ms N. Haasbroek President: 2010-2012 6 October 2011

LIASA gives free access to:

Liasa-In-Touch

South African Journal of Library andInformation Science

LIASA will pay copyright and compensateAuthors for their intellectual property

Libraries can establish an online link to theLIASA website: www.liasa.org through theirown Institutional Repositories

That all LIASA members can freely copy anddownload any published article; Libraries muststill adhere to copyright and compensate Authorsfor their intellectual property

That individual Libraries should not sign theBerlin Declaration-they should if they areinterested

LIASA’s Open Access policy covers all MemberLibraries-no; Individual Libraries must stilldevelop their own Open Access policies

The Berlin declaration onOpen Access to Knowledge inthe Sciences and Humanitiesof 22 October 2003 waswritten in English (BerlinDeclaration on Open Accessto Knowledge in the Sciencesand Humanities) and is oneof the milestones of the openaccess movement. Thewording of the Englishversion shall prevail.

Preface The Internet has fundamentally changed the practical

and economic realities of distributing scientificknowledge and cultural heritage. For the first timeever, the Internet now offers the chance to constitutea global and interactive representation of humanknowledge, including cultural heritage and theguarantee of worldwide access.

We, the undersigned, feel obliged to address thechallenges of the Internet as an emerging functionalmedium for distributing knowledge. Obviously, thesedevelopments will be able to significantly modify thenature of scientific publishing as well as the existingsystem of quality assurance.

In accordance with the spirit of the Declaration ofthe Budapest Open Access Initiative, the ECHOCharter and the Bethesda Statement on OpenAccess Publishing, we have drafted the BerlinDeclaration to promote the Internet as afunctional instrument for a global scientificknowledge base and human reflection and tospecify measures which research policy makers,research institutions, funding agencies, libraries,archives and museums need to consider.

Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only halfcomplete if the information is not made widely and readilyavailable to society. New possibilities of knowledgedissemination not only through the classical form but alsoand increasingly through the open access paradigm via theInternet have to be supported. We define open access as acomprehensive source of human knowledge and culturalheritage that has been approved by the scientific community.

In order to realize the vision of a global and accessiblerepresentation of knowledge, the future Web has to besustainable, interactive, and transparent. Content andsoftware tools must be openly accessible and compatible.

Establishing open access as a worthwhileprocedure ideally requires the activecommitment of each and every individualproducer of scientific knowledge and holderof cultural heritage. Open accesscontributions include original scientificresearch results, raw data and metadata,source materials, digital representations ofpictorial and graphical materials and scholarlymultimedia material.

Open access contributions must satisfy two conditions: The author(s) and right holder(s) of such contributions grant(s) to all

users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, right of access to, and a license tocopy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to makeand distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for anyresponsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship(community standards, will continue to provide the mechanism forenforcement of proper attribution and responsible use of the publishedwork, as they do now), as well as the right to make small numbers ofprinted copies for their personal use.

A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, includinga copy of the permission as stated above, in an appropriate standardelectronic format is deposited (and thus published) in at least one onlinerepository using suitable technical standards (such as the Open Archivedefinitions) that is supported and maintained by an academic institution,scholarly society, government agency, or other well-establishedorganization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution,interoperability, and long-term archiving.

Our organizations are interested in thefurther promotion of the new open accessparadigm to gain the most benefit for scienceand society. Therefore, we intend to makeprogress by

encouraging our researchers/grant recipientsto publish their work according to theprinciples of the open access paradigm.

encouraging the holders of cultural heritageto support open access by providing theirresources on the Internet.

developing means and ways to evaluate open accesscontributions and online-journals in order to maintain thestandards of quality assurance and good scientificpractice.

advocating that open access publication be recognized inpromotion and tenure evaluation.

advocating the intrinsic merit of contributions to an openaccess infrastructure by software tool development,content provision, metadata creation, or the publication ofindividual articles.

We realize that the process of moving to open accesschanges the dissemination of knowledge with respect tolegal and financial aspects. Our organizations aim to findsolutions that support further development of the existinglegal and financial frameworks in order to facilitateoptimal use and access.

We realize that the process of movingto open access changes thedissemination of knowledge withrespect to legal and financial aspects.Our organizations aim to findsolutions that support furtherdevelopment of the existing legal andfinancial frameworks in order tofacilitate optimal use and access.

Governments, universities, research institutions,funding agencies, foundations, libraries, museums,archives, learned societies and professionalassociations who share the vision expressed in theBerlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge inthe Sciences and Humanities are therefore invitedto join the signatories that have already signed theDeclaration.

Please contact:Prof. Dr. Peter GrussPresident of the Max Planck SocietyHofgartenstraße 8D-80539 Munich-Germany

NMMU Vision 2020 on Open scholarship – to support and facilitate openscholarship in the university as an appropriate vehicle for enhancing theuniversity’s research output and visibility

The Electronic Theses and Dissertations on an NMMU server, weresuccessfully imported into VITAL. The NMMU must just now apply for ahandle system subscription and then the database can be opened up tothe rest of the world via Open Access Repositories Directories.

Goal 1: Open Access-NMMU LIS RESPONSES

NMMU-Focus Area: OPEN SCHOLARSHIP

FACILITATING OPEN ACCESS

TRIAL DATABASESIn keeping with the Library’s e-strategy, databases were obtained toallow free access, for a limited period, to researchers, faculty and librarypatrons. This is to give them the opportunity to learn more about thefeatures and benefits of the different products. The feedback and UsageStatistics obtained from these are important to decision-making for thefirst time. Depending on the available funds, decisions are to be taken onwhether or not the databases should be added to the development of theLibrary’s digital collections.

Warning: If you or your Library does not have any intentions to subscribeafter the “Free Trials”-make it clear upfront to Academics, Researchers,Students and the Suppliers. With “Free Trials” expectations are created.NMMU R5m deficit experience.

GOAL 1: Strengthen and consolidate e-Strategies

Open Access Resources

• Content Management Systems

• E-learning platforms : Blackboard and Moodle

• Open Access Databases – 70

• Open Access e-Resources - 68

University Authorities need to understand OA andassist with Policy writing and review.

Responsibility of the OA Policy lies with the Deptof Institutional Support and the Office of theDVC:Research and not the Library, but Librariansalways end up writing the Policy

*Research Offices @ NMMU-(Research & RCD) *Academics-Deans-Professors-Lecturers University Lawyers (Copyright) *Innovation Office (Patents/Embargos/Copyright) *DVC Research (to sign Berlin Declaration)

*Compiler (s)-Normally Librarians

*Senate Library Committee

*Executive Committee of Senate

*University Council-Final Approver

*After Council Approval-Implement

4. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION(State the stakeholder group/s consulted duringpolicy formulation/revision)

Senate Library Committee (LISC)DVC R & ERegistrarResearch Capacity DevelopmentResearch ManagementLibrary and Information Services

5. DESIGNATION OF POLICY OWNER:(Person responsible for maintaining policy)

Suggested: DVC R & E/Registrar

6. NAME OF POLICY OWNER: To be announced

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preamble

NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

Draft

Open Access Policy for taking forward open scholarship and open education

as part of a commitment to scholarly communication, e-research and digital contentstewardship

Preamble

The Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University’s 2020 vision and mission are as follows:

Vision

To be a dynamic African university, recognised for its leadership in generating cutting-edgeknowledge for a sustainable future.

Mission

To offer a diverse range of quality educational opportunities that will make a critical andconstructive contribution to regional, national and global sustainability

In pursuit of NMMU’s Educational purpose andphilosophy, the NMMU’s DVC Research andEngagement, after consultation should still sign (SeeAppendix A-Letter NMMU Signatory to BerlinDeclaration) the Berlin Declaration on Open Access tothe Sciences and Humanities (see below Appendix B-the Berlin Declaration). This declaration commitsNMMU to following and promoting an open accessapproach with regard to scholarly communication andeducation. This policy provides the basis for theUniversity to preserve the scholarly work of NMMUscholars and to make this scholarship discoverable,visible and freely available online to anyone whoseeks it.

Agreement regarding the principles and mandate in this policywill lead to appropriate mechanisms and guidelines by whichthese objectives will be realized. Much of this work is alreadytaking place at NMMU; the history of the NMMU academiccommunity sharing scholarly content predates the Internet andthere is strong evidence that there are many and various currentactivities at the level of the individual academic as well as byresearch and development groupings. These activities haveraised issues of broad significance, which have been initiated inmultiple fora, including NMMU’s research, teaching and learning,social responsiveness and ICT governance structures. Activitiesin the digital scholarship, scholarly communication, and openscholarship and education arenas to date have tended to takeplace through funded projects, and it is evident that the time hascome to move from project status to the co-ordination, supportand embedding of digital scholarship within the institution.

By adopting such a policy, the University actively seeks to:

• increase discoverability and visibility of scholarly output atNMMU

• preserve, present and facilitate access to the institution’sresearch and knowledge production;

• ensure the full participation of the NMMU academy in globalknowledge communities;

• contribute their academic resources to social and economicdevelopment;

• develop research capacity within the institution and region bysharing research knowledge and practices;

• manage the rising costs of library materials and access toscholarly knowledge;

• increase citations to and maximize the visibility of NMMUscholarship.

NMMU recognizes the additional pressureexerted by the policy environment in the globalvillage which increasingly requires academics tomake their work available through open access;this creates additional urgency for ensuring theonline visibility of academic work from the globalsouth. At the same time the widespreadavailability of open education resources, opencontent, open courses etc. from the global villageis both an opportunity and a concern as there isan equally urgent need for local teaching andlearning resources to be made freely availableonline.

By joining peer institutions regionally, nationally andinternationally as well as a growing number ofgovernments and significant funding agenciesglobally in adopting an open access policy andbuilding digital repository services, NMMU becomespart of an important and rapidly growing movementtaking forward open scholarship and open educationas part of its commitment to scholarlycommunication, e-research and digital contentstewardship.

In keeping with these commitments, the NMMUSenate and Council are requested to adopt thefollowing policy.

The Office of the Vice-Chancellor, inconsultation with the NMMU Higher EducationCommittee, will be responsible forinterpreting this policy, resolving disputesconcerning its interpretation and application,and recommending any revision of this policy

The DVC: Research and Engagement shall beresponsible for managing the implementationof the policy and procedures as well asdevelop and monitor a plan for a service ormechanism that would render compliancewith the policy that is appropriate, convenientand supportive of NMMU Authors, includingadherence to archiving policies of publishersand funders.

NMMU endeavours to provide funding forArticle Processing Charges (APC) in theDepartment of Higher Education and Training(DHET) subsidy-earning publications, whereAuthors are not able to source alternativefunding for this purpose. Whenever possible,Authors should include funding for ArticleProcessing Charges in their fundingproposals. Guidelines for the support offunding for open access publication are theresponsibility of the Research Office.

The policy will be reviewed after two years bySenate and Council.

Related Policies

Intellectual Property Policy

This policy is informed by the followinginstitutional Open Access Policies :

The Berlin Declaration

Harvard University Open Access Policy

University of Pretoria Policy to Provide Accessto Research Papers

University of Pretoria Electronic Theses andDissertations

Stellenbosch University Open AccessPublishing Fund Policy

Port Elizabeth • 6031 • South Africa •www.nmmu.ac.za• South Africa

Professor Martin Stratmann President

Max Planck SocietyMünchenGermany

E-mail: open-access@mpdl.mpg.de

Re: Signatory to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences andHumanities

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University strives to be a dynamic African university,recognised for its leadership in generating cutting-edge knowledge for a sustainablefuture. The university supports new forms of scholarly communication and capturing itsscientific and cultural heritage knowledge output to be accessed by wider audiencearound the globe.

NMMU commits the following to the Open Scholarly movement: To making published, peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers freely

accessible in an institutional repository To encouraging researchers to publish in an open access journal To implement an Open Access policy that will enable the research output of the

institution to be globally visible. Signed Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Engagement Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Example from NMMU-Terms of Reference for anInstitutional Repository (I/R) Committee of the NMMU

Introduction

An Institutional Repository is an online locus forcollecting, preserving, and disseminating - in digitalform - the intellectual output of an institution.

For a university, this would include materials such asresearch journal articles, before (preprints) and after(post prints) undergoing peer review, and digitalversions of theses and dissertations, but it might alsoinclude other digital assets generated by normalacademic life, such as administrative documents,course notes, or learning objects.

The four main objectives for having aninstitutional repository are to:

create global visibility for an institution'sscholarly research;

collect content in a single location; provide open access to institutional research

output by self-archiving it; store and preserve other institutional digital

assets, including unpublished or otherwiseeasily lost ("grey") literature (e.g., theses ortechnical reports).

DVC: Research, Teaching and Research ( ex officio) Director: Library and Information Services ( chairperson) Deputy Director: Library and Information Services

Development (vice-chairperson) Director: Research Management Director : Research Capacity Development Director : ICT Services Senior Director : HEADS Senior Director : CPID Assistant Registrar : Examinations Chairpersons of Faculty RTI Committees Director: Legal Services Manager: Archives and Records Management

Library and Information Services Department:

Digital Describers

Cataloguers and Classifiers

Electronic Resources Managers

ICT experts: knowledge of Dublin Coresoftware; VITAL (III)

T.O.R will be to: report IR Project progress and issues to the DVC:R & E and

the Library and Information Services Committee of Senate develop strategies towards establishing and sustaining an

NMMU IR. ensure the NMMU IR meets the identified requirements

and expectations of its users, and enhances the visibilityof research and other scholarly works authored byindividuals affiliated with the NMMU.

encourage and oversee assimilation of the IR into the life-cycle of authoring and publishing scholarly works by theNMMU academic and research community

advocate adoption of the IR by individuals within theNMMU as the preferred mechanism of depositing andarchiving scholarly works digitally.

ensure that the Institutional Repository complies withall relevant legal and statutory requirements, andother obligations, e.g. Copyright Law.

establish and sustain an effective and inclusivepartnership with a user focus group drawn fromstakeholders representative of the NMMU at all levels.

promote to external organisations and individuals,the IR as the primary source of published digitalscholarly works authored by individuals affiliated withthe NMMU.

establish best practice use of the IR; to monitor theadoption of the IR and its impact on the reputation ofindividual authors and the NMMU as a whole; tocommunicate the outcomes of such findings to theindividual and community as appropriate.

identify, consider and approve the services andsystems that the IR should interoperate with,whether they are, personal, institutional orcommunity wide and within or outside of theNMMU.

consider the support requirements (staff,infrastructure etc.) for achieving the above andsustaining an IR that allows archiving of andpersistent access too potentially all scholarlyworks (metadata and full text) as authored byindividuals affiliated with the NMMU.]

Institutional Repository NMMU Libraries shall publish details of officially

designated Institutional Repositories and other acceptablecuratorial systems, as well as procedures for archivingand/or self-archiving Scholarly Publications, theses anddissertations on their website.

NMMU will work with established repositories to harvestNMMU-produced outputs. Authors may satisfypreservation and access requirements by making suchwork available through an alternate repository, providedthat such a repository makes the work accessible in full-text to the public, without costs or other restrictions (otherthan customary restrictions) and that it offers to preserveand maintain the work indefinitely.

In line with the provisions of the IntellectualProperty and student rules, NMMU is granted aright to publish Student research theses (doctoraldegrees) or dissertations (master’s degrees). AStudent shall either through self-archiving orassisted archiving upload the final correctedversion of their thesis or dissertation into theofficially designated Institutional Repository priorto graduating. The designated InstitutionalRepository shall make provision for the delayedpublic release of any thesis or dissertation forwhich a confidentiality period has been approvedby the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, or appropriatehigher degrees board.

NMMU Electronic Thesis & Dissertations

Vital Repository

GOAL 1: Strengthen and consolidate e-Strategies

How to load NRF research funded articles onthe University’s Open Access platform, i.e.the Institutional Repository?

(a) Identify and locate these articles?-YourResearch Office, Academics and Researchersmust assist….but do they?

Problem is that these articles are not easilyrecognizable

*Who will ensure the compensation of theAuthors? (Research Office)

I started off by explaining:

Open Access and what it entails

Open Educational Resources (OER)

Signing of the Berlin Declaration

Writing an Open Access Policy

NRF Statement on Open Access

Starting and Institutional Repository

As I could not go into real detail-this wasmerely and overview

What I would suggest is that each and everyLibrary represented here today, should have atwo day Open Access workshop.

Get knowledgeable Speakerssuch as:Persons who signed the BerlinDeclarationLibrarians that successfullyimplemented Digital RepositoriesPersons from the NRFDigital DescribersCataloguers and ClassifiersElectronic Resources ManagersICT experts: knowledge of DublinCore software

Asked them about “how to do it”; “how to fundit”; “how to form you teams”; “how to get buy-in from the Authorities”-because without theirsupport you shall not move forward.

Request Librarians that successfullyimplemented Institutional Repositories to giveyou a “live” demonstration so the you can gainthe expertise to do prototypes of Academics,Researchers and University Management. AtNMMU we profiled the VC and it worked

Subscribe to: International Open Access weekthat is held annually, worldwide during July:

Website: www.openaccessweek.org

LIASA also promotes International OpenAccess week on their website: www.liasa.org

Free open access websites on SABINET SAePublications. Website: www.sabinet.co.za

For example:

Czerniewicsz, Laura & Goodier, Sarah. 2014.Open access in South Africa: a case study andreflections. South African Journal of Science,110 (9 & 10):1-9.

Dulle, F.W. et al. 2011. The adoption of openaccess scholarly communication in Tanzanianpublic universities: some influencing factors.Mousaion, 29 (1): 112-135.

National Research Foundation. 2010.Managing Digital Collections: A collaborativeInitiative on the South African Frameworkhttp://digi.nrf.ac.za/publ/ Accessed May2017.

Open Access Initiative (OAI) for beginners: theOpen Archives Forum online tutorialhttp://www.oaforum.org/tutorial/english/intro.htm. Accessed 1 May 2017

I thank you!

Questions and Answers

Atkins, D. E., Brown, J. S. & Hammond, A. L. 2007. A reviewof the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement:achievements, challenges, and new opportunities.[Online].http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/files/Hewlett_OER_report.pdf . (Accessed on 2 April 2016).

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in theSciences and Humanities. 2003.[Online].http://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration.(Accessed on 2 April 2016).

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in theSciences and Humanities, Signatories.2016. [Online].http://openaccess.mpg.de/319790/Signatories.(Accessed2 April 2016).

Czerniewicsz, Laura & Goodier, Sarah. 2014. Openaccess in South Africa: a case study and reflections.South African Journal of Science, 110 (9 & 10):1-9.

Dulle, F.W. et al. 2011. The adoption of open accessscholarly communication in Tanzanian publicuniversities: some influencing factors. Mousaion, 29(1): 112-135.

Guédon, J. 2004. The “green” and “gold” roads toopen access: the case for mixing and matching.Serials review. 30(4): 315-328.

Moodle, 2016.[Online].https://moodle.com/moodle-lms/.(Accessed on 10 February 2017).

National Research Foundation. 2015. Statementon Open Access to Research Publications.Pretoria: NRF.

National Research Foundation. 2010. ManagingDigital Collections: A collaborative Initiative onthe South African Frameworkhttp://digi.nrf.ac.za/publ/Accessed 1 May 2017

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. 2009. Institutional Repository:Terms of Reference. Port Elizabeth: NMMU [unpublished in-housedocument]

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. 2015. Draft Open Access Policy.Port Elizabeth: NMMU [unpublished in-house document]

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. 2015.Signing of BerlinDeclaration. Port Elizabeth: NMMU [unpublished in-house document]

Open Access Initiative (OAI) for beginners: the Open Archives Forumonline tutorial http://www.oaforum.org/tutorial/english/intro.htm.Accessed 1 May 2017

Oppenheim, C. 2008. Electronic scholarly publishing and open access.Journal of information science. 34(4):

577-590.

Raju, R. & Schoombee, L. 2013. Research support throughthe lens of transformation in academic libraries withreference to the case of Stellenbosch University libraries.South African Journal Of Libraries and Information Science.79(2): 27-38.

Raju, R. 2015. OER Slide Show. Seminar on Open Access-July 2015. Port Elizabeth: NMMU.

Suber, P. 2010. [Online]. Open Access Overview: Focusingon open access to peer-reviewed research articles andtheir preprints Society for Scholarly Publishing ALPSP-SSPMeeting Washington, DC.http://www.sspnet.org/documents/130_Suber.pdf.(Accessed on 16 May 2017).

Robert Pearce (Mr)

Director: Library & Information Services

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Library Address

P/Bag X6058

Port Elizabeth

6000

Tel.: 041 504 2281

Fax: 041 504 4549

Cell: 0720277588

robert.pearce@nmmu.ac.za