Nitrogen

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Group Number• Period: 2

• Family Name: The pnictogens

• Non-Metal

Other Basic Nitrogen

Information• Density: 1026  kg m-3

Liquid: 0.808 g/cm3@ -195.8 °C solid 1.026 g/cm3@ -252 °C 

• Stable Isotopes: 14N and 15N

• Physical State at Room Temperature: Gas

• Radioactive Isotopes:There are 14

Nitrogen came from the Greek words "nitron genes" meaning "nitre" and

"forming"

The Discovery!

Daniel RutherfordEdinburg University

In 1772

Well, look around you…It is colorless, odorless gas

What does Nitrogen Look like?

Nitrogen is found in the air and is the most important element of the earths atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, so it is the most common found element on earth. Nitrogen is found in all living systems as part of the makeup of biological compounds. Therefore, you can easily find it throughout the earth.

ReactionsNitrogen is generally not reactive at standard temperature and pressure; and reacts with almost none of the elements. However it does go through transformations. such as:

Organic nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen (mineralization) Ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen (nitrification)Nitrate or ammonium nitrogen to organic nitrogen (immobilization)Nitrate nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen (denitrification).Ammonium nitrogen to ammonia gas (ammonia volatilization) 

OKLAHOMA CITY BOMING

On April 17, 1995 a pick up truck exploded in the street in front of the Alfred P. Murrah federal building, in Oklahoma City. This event is know today as the Oklahoma City bombing. In the truck was an ammonium

nitrate bomb, 4,800 pounds of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil from twenty plastic drums. The Oklahoma blast claimed 168 lives,

including 19 children under the age of 6 and injured more than 680 people

Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient needed by all plants to thrive. It is an important component of many structural, genetic and metabolic compounds in plant cells. It is also one of the basic components of chlorophyll, which plants use sunlight to produce sugars during the process of photosynthesis.Increasing the levels of nitrogen during the vegetative stage can strengthen and support the roots, enabling plants to take in more water and nutrients.  This allows a plant to grow more rapidly and produce large amounts of succulent, which in turn can generate bigger fields, tastier vegetables, and a crop that is more resistant to pests, diseases, and other adverse conditions.

Too much nitrogen, however, can be just as harmful to plants as too little can be. When there are high levels of nitrogen, plants may not produce flowers or fruit. Nitrogen deficiency can lead to yellow leaves or allow them to fall off. Too much nitrogen can result in plant burning, which causes them to shrivel and die. 

What Is Nitrogen Used For?Nitrogen can be used to protect historic documents such as the

Declaration of Independence. By keeping important documents in air-tight containers filled with nitrogen gas, the documents are protected

from oxygen and other gases. The paper and ink in the document would react with oxygen in the air and begin to decay if not kept

enclosed.

Other Uses For Nitrogen• to preserve packaged foods by stopping the oxidation of food• Light bulbs may contain nitrogen as a cheaper alternative to argon.• Nitrogen gas is often used on top of liquid explosive to keep them from

exploding!• Nitrogen is used to produce many electrical parts such as transistors, diodes

and integrated circuits.• When dried and pressurized, nitrogen gas is used as a dielectric gas for high

voltage equipment.• Used to manufacture stainless steel.• Used to reduce the fire hazard in military aircraft fuel systems.• Nitrogen gas is used to fill the tires of aircraft and automobiles. However,

commercially sold cars just use normal air.• Nitrogen tanks are gradually replacing carbon dioxide tanks as the power

source of paintball guns.• It can also be used as an alternative to carbon dioxide in pressurizing beer. • Liquid nitrogen is used to preserve blood, sperm and egg and other biological

samples. It is also used to cool X-ray detectors and central processing units in computers when they are hot.

• Nitrogen is a component of nearly every pharmacological drug. Laughing gas (nitrous oxide) can be used as an anesthetic.

Liquid Nitrogen USES:• Freezing and transport of

food products. • Cryopreservation of

biological samples. • Coolant for

superconductors, vacuum pumps, and other materials and equipment.

• Cryotherapy to remove skin abnormalities.

• Shielding materials from oxygen exposure.

• Cooling materials for easier machining or fracturing.

• Making Ice cream!

is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low

temperature

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