1.SPEAKER P.RAMESH Ph.D. SCHOLAR (ABC)

2. Biotechnology term was coined by Karl Ereky in 1919 Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, tomake or modify products or processes for specific use (United Nation Convention on Biological Diversity) 3. Applications: It has applications in four major Industrial areas Health Care (Medicine) Crop ProductionFood/Dairy production and Other Products 4. NISIN (group N streptococcus Inhibitory Substance IN)Bacteriocin Nisin discovered in England by Rogers and Whittier in 1928It is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactisEffective bactericidal agent against Gram Positive bacteria (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Listeria & Mycobacterium) 5. Structurally, it is a 34 a.a polypeptide with a mass of 3500 DaUnusual a.a lanthionine & mehtyllanthionine Acid Tolerance Thermo stability at low pH Specific bactericidal mode of actionNisin exits two variant (A and Z) differ by a single a.a, Aspargine in Z & histidine in A at position 27 6. Nisin production affected by several cultural factors Producer of strainNutrient composition of media pHTemperatrue Agitation Aeration 7. A dramatic decrease in nisin level after reaching a peak valueSolubility, stability & biological activity of nisin dependent on pH of solutionAt pH6.0 for high adsorption onto cell & pH 2.0 for maximum release from cellsIn fermentation process, at pH6.0 more than 80% nisin released into medium, pH6.0 it is associated with cellular membrane 8. It is an effective bactericidal agent against Grampositive bacteria & but not Gram-negative bacteria, fungi & virusNisin forms pores that disrupt proton motive force & causing leakage of ions & hydrolysis of ATP results in cell deathIt also interferes with cell synthesis to bind Lipid II 9. It is manufactured via fermentation of fluid milk or whey by strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. LactisResulting broth is subsequently concentrated & separated, spray dried & milled to yield small particlesOptimal nisin production usually requires complex media & well controlled parametersCommercial media is mostly recommended 10. Recommended media contains surplus of proteins (Tryptone, Peptone, Meat extract, Yeast extract)Search for cheaper formulation are attractive for Nisin production such as: Whey, Sugar molasses & mussel-processing wastes(Deegam, et al., 2006) 11. It has been purified by using Bed ion exchange, Immuno-affinity chromatography & RP-HPLC (Li, et al., 2002)Alternatively using organic solvents such as Ethanol Methanol, Ammonium sulfate ppts & ppt with acid solution pH2.0(Yang, et al., 1992) 12. Now-a-days consumers prefers foods of high quality, without chemical preservatives, safe & long shelf life (Kheadr, et al., Several bacteriocins from LAB, used as food 2007)preservatives is still very limitedPediocin is a anti-listerial activity & but they are not currently approved as antimicrobial food additives(Devlieghere, et al., 2004)But only NISIN is approved for food applications 13. Bacteriocin (Nisin) was first marketed in England in 1953It has been approved by FAO/WHO in 1969 Nisin as a food additive for processed cheese at conc.12.5mg/kg of productIt also used in preservation of Dairy products, Canned foods(Ross, et al., 2002) 14. Nisin is relatively amphipatic because of inclusion of hydrophobic residues(Taylor, et al., 2007)Its cant be used as a Meat Preservation Certain food additives (Sodium metabisulphite & Titanium dioxide) have been shown to be antagonist tonisin(Delves.B, et al., 1996)Liposome encapsulation of nisin & microparticles of Calcium alginate (Won, et al., 1997) 15. Liposome encapsulated Nisin were used in (Colas et Nutraceuticals, Cosmetics & Pharmaceuticals al., 2007)Potential use of Therapeutic purposes in treatment of Atopic Dermatitis, Stomach ulcers & Colon infections (Dubois et al., 2003It also control respiratory tract infections Future development of a potent Vaginal Contraceptive for humans(Aranha et al., 2004)