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Infrastructure based(Cellular Network).

InfrastructurelessNetwork(Mobile Ad hoc

NETwork) (MANET).

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Proactive.

Each node maintains one or more tables

containing routing information to every other

node in the network.

Tables need to be consistent and up-to-date

view of the network.

Updates propagate through the network

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Pure on-demand protocol

Node does not need to maintain knowledge ofanother node unless it communicates with it

AODV includes route discovery and routemaintenance.

AODV minimizes the number of broadcasts bycreating routes on-demand

AODV uses only symmetric links because theroute reply packet follows the reverse path ofroute request packet

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Basic Routing Protocol Based on Bellman ford routing algorithm with

some improvement

Each node maintains a list of all destinations and

number of hops to each destination. Each entry is marked with a sequence number.

Periodically send table to all neighbors to maintain

topology

Two ways to update neighbors:

Full dump

Incremental update

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CGSR uses DSDV routing protocol. Based on concept of clusters and cluster

heads

Routing is done via the cluster heads andgateways

A routing table among cluster heads are

maintained

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Cluster Heada. forwards packets to gateways on

behalf of source nodes

b. Dynamically electedGateway: nodes within the communication

range of two or more cluster head

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The source of the packet transmits thepacket to its cluster-head. From thiscluster-head, the packet is sent to thegateway node that connects this cluster-head and the next cluster-head along theroute to the destination. The gateway sendsit to that cluster-head and so on till the

destination cluster-head is reached in thisway. The destination cluster-head thentransmits the packet to the destination.

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1

3

2

4 710

5

6

8 9

11

12

Cluster Head

Internal Node

Gateway Node

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Each node keep two table Cluster member table It stores the destination cluster head for

each mobile node in the network.

Being broadcasted by each nodeperiodically using DSDV manner. Routing table Being used to determine the next hop in

order to reach the destination.

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Better bandwidth utilization Reduced the size of distance vector table

because the routing is performed only overcluster head

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More time is spend in selection of clusterheads and gateways

If the mobile node uses CDMA/TDMA then itcan take some time to get permission to sendpackets

Changes in the cluster-head, may result inmultiple path breaks.

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