Nigeria Ayoub, Logan, Seth, Rebekah

GDP

The GDP of Nigeria has risen significantly since 2000, more than quadrupling.

Surprisingly, Oil makes up only 14% of Nigeria’s GDP; Agriculture makes up 40% while Services is 30% and Manufacturing 15%.

Ayoub Ouederni

Source: Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics

GDP of Nigeria, 1960-2011

Ayoub Ouederni

Source: World Bank

GNINigeria’s GNI has also increased

significantly since 2000, more than doubling.

The average income in Nigeria is just $330 per year.

The vast majority of Nigerians live in extreme poverty - less than $1.25 a day.

Ayoub Ouederni

Source: Center for Global Development

GNI of Nigeria, 1980-2011

Ayoub Ouederni

Source: World Bank

HDIThe HDI of Nigeria is among the

lowest in the world.Nigeria is ranked as 156/187,

with a score of 0.459.By comparison, Nigeria’s score is

barely above that of Haiti’s, the country with the lowest score in the Americas.

Ayoub Ouederni

Ayoub Ouederni

Seth Millsap

Policymaking Factions Long periods of military rule have

resulted in a very top-down power structure.

Senior gov’t officials are supported by a broad base of junior officials, referred to as the loyalty pyramid.

Policymakers’ interest is generally in themselves, or those who they owe favors to. For this reason, there aren’t very clear factions beyond cultures.

Seth Millsap

Policymaking Factions (cont.) The last era of popular sovereignty in

Nigeria was the communal basis of rule in the pre-Colonial period.

Policymaking “factions” are mostly rooted in prebendalism, so it’s more the individuals in power.

Left: Babangida

Right: Abacha

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria Nigeria participates in the:

Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Non-Aligned Movement Commonwealth United Nations

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) Nigeria has always tended to be at the

head of Africa in terms of development. Upon gaining its own independence, Nigeria has assisted other nations in their liberation struggles.

Among Nigeria’s more startling international announcements has been its strong intent to equip itself with nuclear power and weapons of “unlimited scope”.

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) While Nigeria supports the liberation of other

African nations, this doesn’t necessarily mean it’s allied with them. Chad is such a nation.

Nigeria has particularly friendly relations with Ghana and Niger among African nations. It regularly works with the two countries.

Nigeria withdrew its Ambassador from Libya when Gaddafi suggested Nigeria’s division into separate Christian and Muslim states.

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) Nigeria supplies 20% of India’s crude

oil, and is India’s largest African trade partner.

Nigeria and Israel mutually have embassies in each other; Israel’s in Abuja and Nigeria’s in Tel Aviv.

Nigeria has close relations with Pakistan, described by the Defense Minister as like a “family tie”.

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) Nigeria and China have been

progressing their relations, and China has supported Nigeria’s bid as a member of the U.N. Security Council.

Nigeria has taken a special interest in Barbados, expressing high desires to establish close relations. The Governor of the state of Ogun has offered Barbadians free land if they move to Nigeria.

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) Nigeria and Brasil have long shared strong

relations by means of culture (many Afro-Brazilians trace ancestry to Nigeria) and commercial trade.

Canada has a high commission in Abuja and Nigeria has a high commission in Ottawa.

Greece has a large hand in transporting Nigeria’s oil and natural gas, and Nigerian-Greek trade leans in Greece’s favor.

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) Russia and Nigeria have mutual embassies. Nigeria and the U.K. have had lengthy relations

since Nigeria’s independence in 1960, especially on the basis of Nigerians based in the U.K.

Nigeria had strenuous ties with the U.S. for some time, but took a strong stance against terrorism after the 9/11 bombings. Nigeria has also played a major role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) The Nigerian ambassador to the United

States is Adebowale Adefuye, a former history professor. He is highly regarded among the Nigerian people.

Article!

Rebekah Kim

Population Issues

Rebekah Kim

Rebekah Kim

Nigeria is the world’s sixth most populous nation with 167 million people

Most parents are on the lower social level.

Parents are often unemployed and no longer able to care for their children, nor control them and raise them to become law-abiding citizens.

Ms. Rosenthal:‘..whole families squeeze into 7 by 11 feet

rooms along a narrow corridor. Up to 50 people share a kitchen, toilet and sink, though the pipes in the neighborhood often no longer carry water’ (unsanitary)

‘In Ketu, Nigeria, a newborn boy is attended to by the light of cellphones; the power having gone out.’ (not enough electricity to go around)

‘at Alapere Primary School, more than 100 students cram into most classrooms, two to a desk.’ (not enough resources to go around)

Rebekah Kim

Rebekah Kim

Even President Dr. Goodluck Jonathan was dissatisfied with the growth from 140 million to 167 million since 2006 (UNFPA).

Food insecurity is, for individuals as for nations, the most serious form of insecurity.

A shortage of the basic necessities of life (employment, food, education…etc) causes social unrest and threatens peace and stability.

Rebekah Kim

Why Nigerians think Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xB6DeUxCrg

Environmental Issues There has been a 10%

depletion in the mangrove forests due to human impact

The mismanagement of oil rigs by Shell has also led to the degradation of these forests

Loss of forests is obviously harmful to plants and animals, but causes issues for the people indigenous to the Niger Delta area. These mangroves are a huge source of wood.

The forests are also home to endangered species such as the manatee

Logan McCloy

• The government established the Niger Delta Development Commission in 2000

• There has been little support for the group since and loss continues to happen

Environmental Issues Another environmental issue

in the Niger Delta is fishing depletion

Fish are a major source of protein for the people all over Nigeria

As the demand for fish increases so does the fishing and the population is decreasing rapidly

Climate change, habitat loss, and pollution have also led to the decrease in fish population

Logan McCloy

Environmental Issue The biggest environmental

issue in Nigeria is oil spills Nigeria has the highest

number of oil spills among oil producing countries with no penalty for those who cause the spill

There is an average .7 to 1.7 million tonnes of oil spilled into oceans and river per year in nigeria

Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), spilled in excess of 26,411 barrels of oil in 13-month period, January 2012 to January 2013

Logan McCloy

Energy Nigeria produces

2553.4 thousands of barrels per day which ranks 12th in the world

They consume 240 thousand barrels per day which ranks 49th in the world

They produce 1107 billion cubic feet of natural gas in 2011

Logan McCloy

58% oil, 34 % natural gas, and 8% hydro

• They used 25 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 2010 which ranks 71st in the world

Energy Nigeria has a target of 7%

renewable energy by 2025 Nigeria uses 8% of hydro

energy, but other than that there are very few forms of alternative energy

They have tried to use solar energy, but like many countries throughout the world have been unsuccessful in effective as well as efficient use

Logan McCloy

Oil Thieves One of the biggest problems Nigeria is currently facing

are oil thieves Some thieves say the government has left them no

choice and they must do it to make money 2,000 suspects had been arrested and 4,000 refineries,

30,000 drums of products and hundreds of bunkering boats destroyed in 2012.

Thieves often tap unguarded pipelines in broad daylight, hacking into them and connecting a hose to pump the oil onto a barge

The majority of oil is shipped out of Nigeria with 10% refined locally

Nigeria is losing up to $1 billion a month due to oil thieves

The thieves also adversely affect the environment with their less than cautious techniques

Oil theft has also led to an increase in violence over the past several years

Logan McCloy

Illegal Oil Refinery

Logan McCloy

Nigeria: The Niger Delta Crisis: The Political, Economic and Environmental Conundrum

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIYf43vtI-g

Rebekah Kim