2016 NHD: EXPLORATION, ENCOUNTER, AND EXCHANGEANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYTHE BEAGLE IN SOUTH AMERICA, OPENING MANS EYES TO A NEW FRONTIER

Annotated BibliographyPrimary ResourcesBooksDarwin, Charles, and R. D. Keynes. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988. Darwin Online. Web. 8 Jan. 2016.This book, a diary Darwin kept when he was travelling on the Beagle and later published, contained detailed activities Darwin engaged in everyday during the entire voyage, alongwith descriptions of destinations, weather, and findings. This source was very helpful, forwhich it gave me large amounts of information on different destinations, such as Tierradel Fuego, Bahia Blanca, Rio Negro, Montevideo, Lima, and the Galapagos. This specificpublication also contained illustrations that enhanced my website. Darwin, Charles, and Robert Fitzroy. Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the World: Under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. London: J. Murray, 1845. Darwin Online. Web. 8 Jan. 2016. This source, one of Darwins most famous works, is one of my most important sources. It contained all the information The Beagle Diary contained, but only more organized and easier to follow. Most of Darwins quotations incorporated in the website came from this book. Again, like The Beagle Diary, it contained detailed information regarding the entire voyage from a naturalists perspective. Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, Or, The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859. The Online Literature Library. Web. 8 Jan. 2016.This work is, no doubt, Darwins most famous book and is road to fame. It contained most of Darwins ideas on adaptation and evolution. It helped me mostly on the analysis and impact portion of the website. Although it did not contain information about the actual Beagle Voyage, it represented the Beagles lasting effects - an idea that shook the world.Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man: And Selection in Relation to Sex. New York: A.L. Burt, 1874. The Online Literature Library. Web. 8 Jan. 2016.This book can also be considered one of Darwins most famous works. Only in this book did Darwin first introduce the term evolution. It discussed mans development in nature and answered many of critics questions proposed after the publication of On the Origin of Species. This book helped me in a similar way as the above source.Fitzroy, Robert. Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the Years 1826 and 1836: Describing Their Examination of the Southern Shores of South America, and the Beagle's Circumnavigation of the Globe: Proceedings of the Second Expedition, 1831-1836. Vol. 2. London: H. Colburn, 1839. Darwin Online. Web. 8 Jan. 2016.This is the only primary book Fitzroy wrote that I managed to find. Volume one of thisseries was about the first Beagle Voyage, while another volume is the famous Voyage ofthe Beagle. This book was also one of the best sources because it contained informationregarding the detailed activities and observations made during the voyage, but quiteunlike the Voyage of the Beagle, it was in a hydrographer, or even to some extent, aChristian's point of view.

Journal ArticleWilberforce, Samuel. "Review of on the Origin of Species." Quarterly Review(1860): 225-64. TheVictorian Web. The Victorian Web, Oct. 2002. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.In this journal article, Bishop Samuel Wilberforce brilliantly criticized Darwins On the Origin of Species. This review was a great example of the encounter and conflict between science and religion. I was able to learn the flaws, controversies, and reason of controversy of Darwins works and evolution.

Secondary ResourcesBooksJohnson, Paul. Darwin: Portrait of a Genius. New York: Viking, 2012. Print.This is a book that gave a brief but great overview of Darwins life. It proved to be extremely helpful for which it not only made me realize the importance of Darwins times on the Beagle Voyage, but also introduced to me Darwins early life, it helped me on analyzing later events as well.Darnton, John. The Darwin Conspiracy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. Print.This is a brilliantly written novel combining both accurate historical facts and fiction withdetailed accounts of Darwins observations on the Beagle. It proved to be quiteentertaining but all the while very informative.

InterviewsNyhart, Lynn K. "Interview with Professor Lynn K. Nyhart." E-mail interview. 18 Jan. 2016.My interview with Professor Nyhart allowed me to take my understanding of the impacts of the Beagle Voyage to a completely new level. She answered some questions that cannot be answered from research. Perhaps the most important knowledge I gained fromthis is the reason why Evolution spread so fast and became such a popular topic. Hale, Piers J. "Interview with Professor Piers J. Hale." E-mail interview. 18 Jan. 2016.The email interview with Professor Hale was without a doubt as significant as theinterview above with Professor Nyhart. Professor Hale gave me a lot of his viewpoints and conclusions which allowed me to gain an insight as never before on the impacts of the Beagle. An important part of evolution was introduced to me - that is its political associations.

PhotographsThe Beagle Laid Ashore Rio Santa Cruz. 1839. Rio Santa Cruz, Patagonia.Getty Images. Web. 6Feb. 2016Crossing the Straits of Magellan. N.d. Strait of Magellan. Getty Images. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Erasmus Darwin. N.d. Poetry Foundation. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Evergreen. Iguanas of the Galapagos. N.d. Galapagos Islands. National GeographicExpedition. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Evergreen. Tortoise in the Galapagos. N.d. Galapagos Islands. National Geographic Expedition.Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Lima, Peru. N.d. Lima, Peru. National Geographic. Web.Martens, Conrad. H.M.S. Beagle Navigating Along Tierra Del Fuego. 1833. Tierra Del Fuego. Wikipedia. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Principles of Geology. N.d. PBS. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Robert Darwin. N.d. Darwin Country.org. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Sea Breezes. H.M.S. Beagle's First Voyage. N.d. Sea Breezes. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Second Beagle Voyage Map. N.d. Khan Academy. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. 1860. London. Openlibrary.org. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.

WebsitesBiography.com Editors. "Charles Darwin Biography." The Biography.com Website. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2016. .This is a website article that briefly introduces the life of Darwin, and it gave me a little overview on a part of my project. It also included clips of documentaries made by Biography.com, which also improved my understanding on Darwin.Brown, Richard. "Social Darwinism." Research Associate, Institute of Cognitive Science. University of Colorado at Boulder. Research Associate, Institute of Cognitive Science. University of Colorado at Boulder, Mar. 2007. Web. 06 Feb. 2016. . This article discussed the origin and history of social Darwinism and its reaching impacts. It was helpful to me in the for which it gave me insight on how a biological idea can impact the society politically and socially. This article informed me of the importance of evolution and helped me link biology to religion to society. "Early Concepts of Evolution: Jean Baptiste Lamarck." Understanding Evolution. University of California at Berkeley, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2016. . This webpage discussed Lamarcks conclusions on evolution - including use and disuse, change towards complexity etc. Lamarck is an important part in the Darwinian revolution, for which he was one of the first naturalists ever to discuss the idea of transmutation. Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. "Robert Fitzroy | British Scientist." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Sept. 2014. Web. 02 Jan. 2016. . This website article briefly introduces the life of Fitzroy, and it also gave me an overview on another portion of the project.Heritage Charts. "How the Surveys Were Made." Heritage Charts. Heritage Charts, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2016. . This is a website that discusses (and sells) old hydrographic charts, although a commercial website, it contained helpful information that helped shaped the page titled hydrographic purposes.Knowledge Matters Ltd. "Charles Darwin." The Online Literature Library. Knowledge Matters Ltd., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2015. . This is close to an online archive that provided me with great texts of On the Origin of Species and the Descent of Man, as well as the Voyage of the Beagle. A reason why this library has proved to be very helpful is due to the fact that it has organized these books into chapters, proving itself much easier to navigate.Landsburg, Lauren F. "Thomas Robert Malthus." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Library of Economics and Liberty, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2016. .This web page article discussed Thomas Malthus. Malthus theory was an inspiration for Darwin, and reading Malthus eventually led Darwin to come up with an explanation of all the observations he made on the Beagle. Thus Malthus theory which implies the struggle for existence is an important component of the Darwins evolution. Leff, David. "AboutDarwin.com - Home Page." AboutDarwin.com Dedicated to the Life and Times of Charles Darwin. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. . This is a website with detailed information about Darwins life and the Beagle Voyage. It was the most important and major secondary source used. The website also provided information including causes of the Beagle Voyage that is not provided anywhere else.Lucas, J. R. "Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter." University of Oxford. University of Oxford, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2016. . This website introduced the encounter between science and religion after the publication of On the Origin of Species. It helped me with analyzing the effects of the Beagle Voyage and reaching some of my own conclusions. Moore, Peter. "The Tragic Life of Charles Darwin's Captain." History Today. History Today, 28 May 2015. Web. 02 Jan. 2016. . This is another brief overview of Fitzroys life, albeit quite cynical. It helped me with analyzing Fitzroys life after the Beagle. Munford, Mike. "The Darwinian Revolution." Evolution and the Prehistory of Man. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2016. . This website article introduced the Darwinian Revolution - many scientists that camebefore Darwin who proposed the idea of transmutation and deep time, as well as manywho followed. This article was extremely helpful because it was able to explain to methat Darwin never founded evolution - and he was successful because he introduced hisfindings to a rapidly changing society with changing ideals/beliefs. Sibley, Andrew, M.S. "FitzRoy, Captain of the Beagle, Fierce Critic of Darwinism." Institute for Creation Research. Institute for Creation Research, 2005. Web. 02 Jan. 2016. . This article over Fitzroys life is another that deemed helpful when I analyzed Fitzroys intertwined fate with evolution after the Beagle. It contained many quotes that was quite helpful to my understanding.UNESCO and World Heritage Convention. "Galpagos Islands." - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO and World Heritage Convention, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2016. . The UNESCO and World Heritage convention together discussed the value of the Galapagos Islands and its natural wonders. Only visiting this site can I understand the reason why it is so important to the theory of evolution. This sight also contained videos of natural life on the Galapagos that proved to be extremely awe-inspiring. Wenham, Simon. "Huxley v Wilberforce: The Legendary Encounter." RZIM Europe RSS. RZIM Europe RSS, May 2010. Web. 08 Jan. 2016. . This is another website article containing information regarding the 1860 Oxford Debate of Evolution, which I mentioned while analyzing Darwins works.Wyhe, John Van. "The Complete Works of Charles Darwin." Darwin Online. University of Cambridge, 2002. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. . This online database was perhaps one of the most important in the entire research process. This database contained all of Darwins works, including the Journal of Researches, Origin, Descent, Zoology of the Beagle, as well as the first two volumes of Fitzroys Beagle Journal. It gave access to just about all the primary resource related to Charles Darwin.Wyhe, John Van. "Wilberforce's Review of The Origin of Species." Victorian Web. Victorian Web, 1 Oct. 2002. Web. 08 Jan. 2016. . This website contained the full text for Wilberforces review for Charles Darwins On the Origin of Species, in which the bishop attacked Darwins ideas with fury and passion. It helped me greatly to see the some faults in evolution, and it helped me analyze the effects of the Beagle Voyage.