nha may sx dich truyen-finish2

CNG TY TNHH U T TRC ANH

BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

D N U T NH MY SN XUT DCH TRUYN

KHNH HA, THNG 09/2009

CNG TY TNHH U T TRC ANH

BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNGD N U T NH MY SN XUT DCH TRUYN

C QUAN CH D N CNG TY TNHH U T TRC ANH

C QUAN T VN CNG TY TNHH PHT TRIN CNG NGH NC V MI TRNG AQC

KHNH HA, THNG 09/2009

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n Nh my Sn xut Dch Truyn

MC LCDANH MC BNG....................................................................................................................III DANH MC HNH V...............................................................................................................IV DANH SCH CC T VIT TT..............................................................................................V M U.....................................................................................................................................11. XUT X CA D N...........................................................................................................................1 2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG .....................................................................................................................................................................2

2.1 C s php l nh gi tc ng mi trng...............................................................2 2.2 Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng................................................3 2.3 Cc ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng...........33. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM........................................................................4

3.1 Phng php nhn dng...................................................................................................4 3.2 Phng php d ton........................................................................................................4 3.3 Phng php nh gi......................................................................................................44. T CHC THC HIN TM.................................................................................................................5

CHNG 1................................................................................................................................6 M T TM TT D N...........................................................................................................61.1 TN D N..........................................................................................................................................7 1.2 CH D N.........................................................................................................................................7 1.3 V TR A L CA D N..................................................................................................................7 1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N.................................................................................................8

1.4.1 Cc hng mc cng trnh trin khai trong qu trnh thc hin d n..............................8 1.4.2 Nhu cu v s dng nc v in.................................................................................9 1.4.3 Nhu cu s dng v nguyn, nhin, vt liu...................................................................9 1.4.4 H thng thot nc ...................................................................................................10 1.4.5 Sn phm v cng ngh ca nh my.........................................................................10 1.4.6 Danh mc my mc thit b d kin nhp khu............................................................17 1.4.7 Tin thc hin cng trnh.........................................................................................17 1.4.8 Mc u t v ngun vn ca d n...........................................................................19 CHNG 2..............................................................................................................................20 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI ..................................................................................................................................................202.1 IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG.........................................................................................21

2.1.1 iu kin t nhin........................................................................................................21 2.1.2 Hin trng mi trng..................................................................................................21 2.1.2.1 Hin trng mi trng nc mt............................................................................21 2.1.2.2 Hin trng mi trng khng kh............................................................................232.2 IU KIN KINH T - X HI...........................................................................................................23

2.2.1 Tinh hinh phat trin x hi............................................................................................24 ..........................................................................................................................................24 2.2.2 Tinh hinh phat trin kinh t...........................................................................................25 CHNG 3..............................................................................................................................29 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG...................................................................................293.1. NH GI TC NG......................................................................................................................30

3.1.1 Giai on xy dng ....................................................................................................30 3.1.1.1 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh.................................30I


3.1.1.2 Tc ng do cht thi rn.......................................................................................35 3.1.1.3 Tc ng nhim cho gia D n trong giai on xy dng vi cc i tng khc trong KCN..................................................................................................................36 3.1.1.4Tc ng v mt x hi............................................................................................36 3.1.1.5 D bo nhng ri ro v s c xy ra trong giai on xy dng..............................36 3.1.2 Giai on vn hnh ca d n.....................................................................................38 3.1.2.1 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim khng kh....................................................38 3.1.2.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim nc...........................................................42 3.1.2.3 Tc ng ca cht thi rn.....................................................................................43 3.1.2.4 Tc ng nhim cho gia D n trong giai on hot ng vi cc i tng khc trong KCN..................................................................................................................45 3.1.2.5 D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra........................................453.2 NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI..........................................46

CHNG 4..............................................................................................................................48 BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG..................................................................................................................................484.1 I VI CC TC NG XU.........................................................................................................49

4.1.1 Cc bin php hn ch cc tc ng c hi trong giai on thi cng xy dng ..........49 4.1.1.1 Gim thiu cc tc ng gy nhim mi trng khng kh..................................49 4.1.1.2 Gim thiu cc tc ng do nc thi....................................................................50 4.1.1.3 Gim thiu cc tc ng do cht thi rn................................................................50 4.1.1.4 Gim thiu cc vn x hi..................................................................................51 4.1.2 Cc bin php hn ch cc tc ng c hi trong giai on hot ng ca d n.......51 4.1.2.1 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh.......................................51 4.1.2.2 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nc..............................................53 4.1.2.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn.............................................564.2 I VI CC S C MI TRNG................................................................................................57

4.2.1 Hn ch xy ra tai nn lao ng...................................................................................57 4.2.2 Phng chng s c chy n.........................................................................................57 4.2.3 Phng chng st..........................................................................................................59 CHNG 5..............................................................................................................................60 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG...................................................605.1 CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG.....................................................................................61

................................................................................................................................................64 5.1.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng giai on xy dng d n.......................................65 5.1.2 Chng trnh qun l mi trng giai on hot ng.................................................655.2 CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG....................................................................................65

5.2.1 Gim st mi trng trong giai on xy dng.............................................................66 5.2.2 Gim st cht lng mi trng trong giai on hot ng..........................................66 KT LUN - KIN NGH - CAM KT.......................................................................................681. KT LUN...........................................................................................................................................68 2. KIN NGH..........................................................................................................................................69 3. CAM KT..............................................................................................................................................70

II


DANH MC BNGBNG 1.1 DANH MC MY MC THIT B............................................................................17 BNG 1.2 TIN THC HIN CNG TRNH.......................................................................18 BNG 1.3 MC U T V NGUN VN CA D N.......................................................19 BNG 2.1 KT QU PHN TCH NC MT TI SNG SUI DU V BU C...............22 BNG 2.2 KT QU PHN TCH CHT LNG KHNG KH..............................................23 BNG 2.3 NGUN LAO NG V PHN PHI NGUN LAO NG ..................................24 BNG 2.4 THNG K S LNG LAO NG LM TRONG CC NGNH KINH T ........25 BNG 2.5 DIN TCH T S DNG CHO SN XUT NNG NGHIP ..............................27 BNG 3.1 NNG BI C TNH T CC HOT NG XY DNG.............................30 BNG 3.2 H S NHIM CA CC PHNG TIN VN CHUYN S DNG DU DIESEL......................................................................................................................................31 BNG 3.3 D BO S LT PHNG TIN VN CHUYN...............................................31 BNG 3.4 TI LNG NHIM KHNG KH DO CC PHNG TIN VN CHUYN......31 BNG 3.5 MC N SINH RA T CC HOT NG THI CNG TRN CNG TRNG....32 BNG 3.6 MC N CC LOI XE C GII...........................................................................32 BNG 3.7 H S NHIM DO MI NGI HNG NGY SINH HOT A VO MI TRNG (CHT THI SINH HOT CHA QUA X L).......................................................34 BNG 3.8 TI LNG NHIM SINH RA T CHT THI SINH HOT (CHA QUA X L) TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG D N...................................................................................34 BNG 3.9 NNG CC CHT NHIM MI TRNG TRONG NC THI SINH HOT GIAI ON XY DNG............................................................................................................34 BNG 3.10 H S NHIM T XE GN MY......................................................................38 BNG 3.11 THNH PHN KH C HI TRONG KHI THI CA NG C T..........39 BNG 3.12 H S NHIM CA CC CHT TRONG KH THI MY PHT IN KHI T DU DO....................................................................................................................................40 BNG 3.13 TI LNG V NNG CC CHT NHIM TRONG KH THI T DU DO KHI VN HNH MY PHT IN.....................................................................................41 BNG 3.14 TI LNG NHIM SINH RA T NC THI SINH HOT (CHA QUA X L) TRONG GIAI ON VN HNH CA D N..................................................................42 BNG 3.15 NNG CC CHT NHIM TRONG NC THI SINH HOT...................42 BNG 3.16 TNH CHT NC THI SN XUT C TRNG CA D N NH MY DCH TRUYN....................................................................................................................................43 BNG 3.17 NH GI MC TIN CY CA CC PHNG PHP NH GI TC NG MI TRNG...............................................................................................................47 BNG 4.1 HIU QU X L NC THI SINH HOT TRONG B T HOI.....................54 BNG 5.1 CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG...........................................................61 BANG 5.2 D TON KINH PH CHO CC HNG MC X L MI TRNG.....................64

III


DANH MC HNH VHNH 1.1 QUI TRNH SN XUT TI DCH TRUYN..............................................................13 KHO...........................................................................................................................................14 HNH 1.2 QUI TRNH SN XUT DCH TRUYN ...................................................................14 HNH 1.3 QUI TRNH NG GI..............................................................................................15 HNH 1.4 QUI TNH V TRNG SN PHM NG GI..................................................16 HNH 4.1 S CU TO B T HOI 3 NGN C NGN LC.......................................55 HNH 4.2 S NGUYN L H THNG THU GOM CHT THI RN...............................56

IV


DANH SCH CC T VIT TTBOD5 COD DO SS BHL CTR DA TM KCN KH & CN PCCC WHO XLNT : : : : : : : : : : : : : Nhu cu oxy sinh ha o 200C o trong 5 ngy. Nhu cu oxy ha hc. Oxy ha tan. Cht rn l lng. Bo h lao ng Cht thi rn D n nh gi tc ng mi trng Khu cng nghip Khoa hc v cng ngh Phng chy cha chy T chc Y t Th gii X l nc thi

V


M U1. XUT X CA D N Pht trin ngnh Dc thnh mt ngnh kinh t - k thut theo hng cng nghip ha hin i ha, ch ng hi nhp khu vc v th gii nhm m bo cung ng thuc thng xuyn c cht lng, bo m s dng thuc hp l v an ton, phc v s nghip chm sc v bo v sc khe nhn dn l chnh sch pht trin cng nghip dc Vit Nam n 2010. Theo bo co ca Cc Qun l dc Vit Nam, trong giai on 2000 2006, tc tng trng bnh qun ca ngnh dc l 13%, tin thuc bnh qun u ngi tng trung bnh 7,4%/nm. im ng ch l thuc sn xut trong nc ngy cng p ng nhiu hn nhu cu s dng. Gi tr thuc sn xut trong nc nm 2005 l 395 triu la M, chim 48,34% tng gi tr tin thuc (817 triu la M). Th phn thuc sn xut trong nc c bnh nhn s dng chim 70% th trng thuc; khi bnh vin, thuc sn xut trong nc c s dng chim hn 60%. D kin vo nm 2009, th trng dc phm c th t ti 1 t la M v n nm 2010 c th t n gn 1,5 t la M. Vi tim nng pht trin kh ln ca th trng dc phm y l mt c hi rt ln cho cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc. Chnh v th cc thnh vin sng lp ca Cng ty TNHH u t Trc u t xy dng Nh my Dch truyn ti Khnh Ha theo cng ngh mi nht ca Chu u c chuyn giao cng ngh t Cng ty BIRKMAIER Project GmbH (c). Nh my sn xut Dch truyn l D n c chuyn giao cng ngh t Cng ty BIRKAMAIER Project GmbH mt cng ty c trn 60 nm kinh nghim chuyn v ch to my mc sn xut thit b v vt t y t ca c. Cng ngh v thit b sn xut Dch truyn ca BIRKMAIER v ang c s dng rng ri ti nhiu hng sn xut dch truyn trn th gii. Nh my s c xy dng v qun l theo Tiu chun GMP-WHO v ISO 9001-2000. Sn phm sn xut s cng b cht lng theo tiu chun quc t nh: USP, CE. Nh my c u t vo Khu Cng nghip Sui Du, tnh Khnh Ha.

1


2.

CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG C s php l nh gi tc ng mi trng Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 v Ch tch nc k lnh cng b ngy 12 thng 12 nm 2005; Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy 20/05/1998; Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc; Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng; Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/04/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn; Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28/05/2007 v/v thot nc th v Khu cng nghip; Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v/v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu Lut Bo v mi trng Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng v Hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng Ngh nh s 68/2005/N-CP ngy 20/5/2005 ca Chnh ph v An ton ho cht; Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng V/v hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi; Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v/v ban hnh Danh mc cht thi nguy hi; Quyt nh s 170/Q-MTg ngy 24/02/1998 ca B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng v ph chun bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng c s h tng Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du; Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn Mi Trng v ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng; Cng vn s 482/KKT-QLT ca Ban qun l KKT Vn Phong, tnh Khnh Ha v vic hng dn cc th tc thc hin d n sau khi cp giy chng nhn u t.

2.1

2


2.2

Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng Gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c (theo mc m tng ng, TCVN 5949 - 1998); QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot TCVN 7209 - 2002: Cht lng t - Gii hn ti a cho php ca kim loi nng trong t; TCVN 5937 - 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh; TCVN 5938 - 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh; TCVN 5939 - 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c; TCVN 5940 - 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht hu c; TCVN 5945 - 2005: Nc thi cng nghip - Tiu chun thi;

2.3

Cc ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho Cc ti liu iu kin a l t nhin, c s h tng, tnh hnh Kinh t - X hi ca khu vc d n (Nin gim thng k Tnh Khnh Ha) Cc s liu cn phi iu tra da vo phng php chung thc hin bo co TM Phm Ngc ng, Qun l mi trng th v khu cng nghip, Nh xut bn Xy Dng 2004 Nguyn c Khin, Qun l cht thi nguy hi, Nh xut bn Xy Dng 2003 Lm Minh Trit, Nguyn Thanh Hng, Nguyn Phc Dn, X l nc thi th v khu cng nghip - Tnh ton thit k cng trnh, NXB HQG Tp. HCM, 2004 Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008 WHO, Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution, 1993

3


Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n to lp

Cc s liu iu tra a vo phng php chung thc hin bo co TM: Cc h s, giy php kinh doanh. H s t ai, bn v quy hoch tng th, v tr khu vc d n. Cc ni quy v an ton lao ng trong thi cng xy dng, cc ni quy v PCCC trong khu vc d n. 3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM Hin nay, nhiu phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng c s dng trn th gii. Nhng ni chung phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng c th c phn loi nh sau: 3.1 Phng php nhn dng M t hin trng ca h thng mi trng . Xc nh tt c cc thnh phn ca hot ng. thc hin phn ny c th s dng cc phng php sau: Phng php lp bng lit k v phng php ma trn: c s dng lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng d n v cc tc ng mi trng. Phng php tham vn cng ng: Phng php ny s dng trong qu trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti ni thc hin d n. 3.2 Phng php d ton Xc nh nhng s thay i ng k ca mi trng. D on v khi lng v khng gian ca s thay i xc nh trn. nh gi kh nng cc nh hng s xy ra theo thi gian. thc hin phn ny c th s dng cc phng php sau: Cc h thng thng tin mi trng v m hnh khuch tn. Sp xp theo th t u tin, t l ha v o c phn tch. 3.3 Phng php nh gi Xc nh mc thit hi v li ch ca cc nhm v cng ng dn c b nh hng bi vic thc hin d n. Xc nh v so snh v li ch gia cc phng n thc hin;

4


thc hin phn ny c th s dng phng php sau: H thng nh gi mi trng. Phn tch kinh t. Phng php TM c s dng trong bo co ny ch yu da vo Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng v Ngh nh ca Chnh Ph s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP. 4. T CHC THC HIN TM Bo co TM d n u t Nh my sn xut dch truyn thc hin cng vi s t vn ca Cng ty TNHH Pht trin Cng ngh nc v Mi trng AQC. Gim c a ch in thoi : : : Th.S H Xun Nhm. 27/41 Hu Giang, Phng 4, Qun Tn Bnh, Tp.HCM 08 39.484.383 Fax: 08 39.484.183

T chc, thnh vin thc hin bo co: ThS. H Xun Nhm KS. Nguyn Hu Thnh KS. H uynh Ngoc Thm KS. Nguyn ng Quynh Th KS. L Th Thy Hng KS. Nguyn Long An Cng Ty AQC Gim c Cng Ty AQC K S Mi Trng Cng Ty AQC K S Mi Trng Cng Ty AQC K S Mi Trng Cng Ty AQC K S Mi Trng Cng Ty TNHH u t Trc Anh

5


CHNG 1 M T TM TT D N

6


1.1

TN D N Tn DA vit bng ting Vit: NH MY SN XUT DCH TRUYN Tn DA vit bng ting Anh: PRODUCTION OF SOLUTION & MEDICAL BAG PLANT

1.2

CH D N Tn ch u t: a ch: Giy CNKKD s: C quan cp: Vn iu l: Ngnh ngh kinh doanh: CNG TY TNHH U T TRC ANH ST: 08.62818116 Fax: 08.62818138 488 ng s 28 Khu B, An Ph An Khnh, Phng An Ph, Qun 2, Tp. H Ch Minh 41020443239 S k hoch v u t TP. H Ch Minh cp ngy 26/09/2006 35.000.000.000 ng (Ba mi lm t ng) Mi gii bt ng sn. Kinh doanh xy dng nh . u t xy dng c c h tng khu chung c Khu cng nghip Khu th. Cho thu nh , vn phng, kho bi. Kinh doanh pht trin khu du lch. Kinh doanh khch sn nh hng n ung (khng kinh doanh khch sn, nh hng ti tr s). Mua bn thuc l iu sn xut trong nc, ru (khng kinh doanh dch v n ung), hng thy sn, hng th cng m ngh. B sung: t vn u t (tr t vn ti chnh, k ton). Sn xut mua bn vt t, trang thit b dng c y t (tr ti ch cht thi, gia cng c kh, xi m in). Mi gii thng mi. B Nguyn Th Thu Thy Gim c 14/11/1964 Kinh Vit Nam

Ngi i din theo php lut: Chc v: Sinh ngy: Dn tc: Quc tch:

Ni ng k h khu thng tr: 22 Lam Sn, phng Phc Ha, TP. Nha Trang, tnh Khnh Ha Chng minh nhn dn s: Ch hin ti: 220893768 do cng an Tnh Khnh Ha cp ngy 10/09/2003 488 ng s 28 Khu B, An Ph An Khnh, phng An Ph, Qun 2, Tp. H Ch Minh

1.3

V TR A L CA D N 7


a im thc hin d n: L G9-G10-G11 ti Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du, huyn Cam Lm, tnh Khnh Ha Ta ca d n: X: 0289549, Y: 1343480 V tr ca d n: Khu t d n c t cn nh sau: Pha Bc gip t trng Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du Pha Ty gip t trng Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du Pha Nam gip ng s 5 Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du Pha ng gip ng s 13 Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du (S v tr ca khu t d n c th hin trong phn ph lc ca bo co) 1.4 1.4.1 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N Cc hng mc cng trnh trin khai trong qu trnh thc hin d n Tng din tch thu t ca d n: 10.000 m2 Cc hng mc cng trnh chnh:

B phn sn xut ti ng dch truyn :B phn sn xut dch truyn B phn ng gi B phn v trng Khu th nghim v lm vic Cc hng mc cng trnh ph: 01 nh kho nguyn liu 01 nh kho thnh phm Phng trng by sn phm Khu nhn vin v cn tin Nh bo v, gara t ng ni b v khun vin cy xanh : : : : : : : : :

450 m2 650 m2 500 m2 400 m2

:

250 m2

150 m2 400 m2 150 m2 300 m2 250 m2 6.500 m2

8


D n khng xy dng khu vc nui th th nghim mu. (Bn v th hin mt bng tng th ca d n c th hin trong phn ph lc) T l cc cng trnh c mi che m bo khng vt qu 60% tng din tch t thu. Cc cng trnh c mi che cch tng ro Nh my t nht 7m. 1.4.2 Nhu cu v s dng nc v in Nhu cu s dng in in mt pha, 230 V, 50 chu k (2 dy pha, 1 dy tip t an ton). in 3 pha 230/400 V, 50 chu k (3 dy pha, 1 dy 0 volt, 1 dy tip t an ton) Cng sut tiu th in d kin: 250-260 kwh Ngun in: do Khu Cng Nghip cung cp Trang b h tr: 01 my pht in d phng cng sut 7,5 KVA, + Loi nhin liu s dng: du DO hm lng S = 0,5%. + nh mc tiu th nhin liu: 39,5 lt/gi.my 01 my bin p 3 pha 560 KVA

Nhu cu s dng nc Mc tiu th: 48m3/ngy Ngun nc do Khu Cng Nghip cung cp 1.4.3 Nhu cu s dng v nguyn, nhin, vt liu Ha cht dng trong sn xut dch truyn: - NaCl - Sodium Chloride - KCl (Potassium chloride) - CaCl2 (Calcium chloride) - ng glucose - Acid amin - Cht bo - Sodium Lactate - Calcium lactate - Potassium Lactate

9


Ha cht s dng trong phng th nghim/ kim nghim: - Metanol (CH4OH) - Cn tuyt i - Bc Nitrat (AgNO3) - Iot - OPA (Ototalandehyd) Nguyn, nhin liu chnh: - Nc dng trong sn xut dch truyn l nc c x l qua h thng RO - Nguyn liu sn xut bao b: Tube foil, Tubes, Twist off port - Nh my s dng nhin liu du DO cho my pht in d phng. 1.4.4 H thng thot nc H thng thot nc ma H thng thot nc ma ca khu vc s u ni vi h thng thot nc ma chung ca Khu Cng Nghip H thng thot nc thi Nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut sau khi x l cc b s u ni vo h thng x l nc thi ca Khu Cng Nghip. 1.4.5 Sn phm v cng ngh ca nh my Gii thiu chung v sn phm dch truyn Dch truyn l nhng dung dch thuc v khun dng tim truyn nh git vo tnh mch vi khi lng ln. Dch truyn c nhiu loi vi cc thnh phn hot cht nhng nng khc nhau. Dch truyn c th dng u trng hoc ng trng vi cc cht tng ng c trong mu. Mt s dng dch truyn c kh y cc cht v c dng thay th huyt tng hoc b sung vitamin, acid amin trong mt s trng hp cn thit. Dch truyn c tc dng nng huyt p c th, cn bng cc cht in gii c trong mu khi ngi bnh b mt mu, mt nc do chn thng, tai nn, do phu thut, do tiu chy, nn ma ko di, do b bng, do cc trng hp b mt nhiu m hi trong iu kin qu nng bc. Mt s dch truyn c acid amin, vitamin, glucose c tc dng b p cc cht ny cho c th. Truyn dch khi cn thit cn c tc dng gii cc cht c trong c th khi b ng c do thuc, ng c thc n, nhim khun cp tnh, gip tng bi tit nc tiu. Mt s dng dung dch tim truyn cn dng lm dung mi ha tan mt s thuc tim. Sn phm ca Nh my 10


- Sodium chloride solutions (cc loi dung dch natri clorua) - Sodium lactate 1/6 mol solution - Sodium bicarbonate mol solution - Sodium bicarbonate 1/6 mol solution - Sodium Chloride 0,9% (500ml/bao) - 5% Dextrose solution in water (dung dch dextrose 5% trong nc) - 10% Dextrose solution in water (dung dch dextrose 10%trong nc) - 25% Dextrose solution in water (dung dch dextrose 25%trong nc) - 50% Dextrose solution in water (dung dch dextrose 50%trong nc) - 5% Dextrose in sodium chloride solution (dung dch dextrose natri clorua 5%) - 10% Dextrose in sodium chloride solution (dung dch dextrose natri clorua 10%) - 5% Dextrose solution in NaCL sol - 10% Dextrose solution in NaCL sol - 50% Dextrose solution in NaCL sol - 15% Mannitol solution in water (dung dch mannitol 15% trong nc) - Ringer solution - Ringer solution with 5% Dextrose - Ringer Locke (500ml/bao) - Ringer solution in sodium chloride solution - Lactate Ringer solution - Potassium chloride mol solution - Darrow solution - Electrolitic balanced solution - TPN solution - Dextran 70 solution - Metranisazol solution - Aminoacid solution - Heamodialysis solution - Peritoneal dialysis solution - Glucose 5% (500ml/bao) - Glucose 10% (500ml/bao) - Semodesum-H (500ml/bao - Pyrogen free bidistilled water - Fat emulsion 11


Cng ngh sn xut ca sn phm Nh my c thit k, xy dng, lp t v chuyn giao cng ngh theo hnh thc cha kha trao tay t Cng ty Birkmaier Project GmbH (c). Cng ngh sn xut hin i v t ng ha hon ton. Tt c cc dy chuyn u sn xut khp kn, lin tc, m bo v trng cao, kh nng chng nhim cho gia cc khu vc sn xut vi mi trng ngoi c thc hin rt khoa hc v nghim tc theo tiu chun GMPWHO. Phm vi chuyn giao cng ngh ca Birkmaier bao gm: - Thit k quy hoch tng th Nh my. Thit k chi tit mt bng lp t my. Thit k cc phn xng sn xut v b phn ph tr (bao gm: cung cp bn v, ti liu k thut, hng dn, gim st thi cng xy dng v lp t thit b). Mc ch: bo m sn xut ca Nh my t hiu qu, an ton v ph hp vi tiu chun GMP-WHO v sn xut dc phm. - Chuyn giao v hng dn ton b quy trnh vn hnh sn xut, nhng thng tin cn thit mang tnh vt l v ha hc cng cc tiu chun quy nh hin hnh i vi sn phm v nguyn vt liu (bao gm: cung cp ti liu, hng dn t chc sn xut, gim st thc hin). Mc ch: Nh my vn hnh ng cng sut thit k, sn phm t cht lng theo tiu chun quc t (USP, CE) vi chi ph ti u nht. - Xy dng k hoch nhn s (s lng v tiu chun cng nhn), hun luyn v o to nhn vin trc tip ti b phn sn xut, hng dn gim c sn xut v cc b quyt cng ngh, bao gm: k thut lp t, bo dng my, vn hnh sn xut, k thut v v trng v qun l cht lng. - Cc dch v h tr khc: bo hnh, gii quyt s c trong qu trnh sn xut Vic tip nhn chuyn giao cng ngh s gip cho sn phm ca Nh my t tiu chun cht lng mi trng tt nht v o to c i ng chuyn gia k thut trnh v k nng sn xut sn phm thuc lnh vc cng ngh sch ang rt cn thit cho nn kinh t nc nh.

12


Qui trnh sn xut ca cc phn xng thuc Nh my Phn xng sn xut ti dch truyn

Qui trnh sn xut: Nguyn liu nhp v c kim tra cht lng, sau c em i ty ra, khi ty ra xong th nguyn liu c mang i sy kh, qua mt qu trnh sn xut to thnh nhng sn phm ti dch truyn c cht lng, ti dch truyn c kim tra cht lng thm mt ln na ri mi nhp vo kho. Trong qu trnh ty ra c pht sinh nc thi, v y l cng ngh c tnh v trng rt l cao nn nc thi pht sinh khng c tnh cht c hi.

Nguyn vt liu chnh

Kim tra cht lng nguyn liu

Ty ra Nc thi X l k thut

Sn xut ti

Nc thi

Kim tra cht lng thnh phm

Kho

Hnh 1.1

Qui trnh sn xut ti dch truyn

Thit b ng gi s dng cng ngh hin i, tit kim nng lng v nguyn liu. Nh xng c thit k v xy dng theo tiu chun GMP. Nguyn liu nha c th mua trong nc hoc nhp khu Phn xng sn xut ti ng dch truyn, dung tch 250ml/ti, 500ml/ti, 1000ml/ti. Cng sut thit k: 6000 ti/gi

13


Phn xng sn xut dch truyn IV

Qui trnh sn xut: Nguyn liu c nh lng v cho vo bn cha. Nc x l qua h thng RO, c cn t ng v cho vo bn cha. Hn hp nc v nguyn liu c pha trn bng mt khuy, 2 hn hp ny c ha tan vi mt t l quy nh no , ri c lc, sau c kim tra cht lng, cho vo ti (quy trnh sn xut ti c th hin giai on trn), xong s c nim phong, kim tra cht lng ln cui, v nhp vo kho. Sau khi sn xut xong mt sn phm dch truyn, bn cha s c ra sch tip tc thc hin sn xut sn phm tip theo, trong giai on ny c pht sinh ra nc thi, ty thuc vo tnh cht, sn phm ca mi loi dch truyn m quy nh c tnh cht ca nc thi. Nc thi ca dch truyn ch yu l ng, m v mui. Kho nguyn liu

Kim tra cht lng nguyn liu

Bn cha Pha trn

Nc thi

Sn xut dung dch

Kim tra cht lng

Kho

V bao (ti)

Nim phong

Kim tra cht lng

Hnh 1.2

Qui trnh sn xut dch truyn

Phn xng sn xut dch truyn l b phn sn xut chnh vi cng sut thit k: 3000 l/gi. Nh xng c thit k v xy dng theo tiu chun GMP-WHO, m

14


bo yu cu sn xut y t sch. Nguyn vt liu chnh c th mua trong nc hoc nhp khu. Phn xng ng gi

Qui trnh sn xut: B phn ng gi s ng tt c cc phn do cc b phn khc sn xut. Trc tin l thnh phm s c kim tra cht lng, sau s c ng gi v kim tra cht lng thm mt ln na trc khi nhp vo kho.

Thnh phm

Kim tra cht lng

Chun b ng gi

ng gi


Kho

Hnh 1.3

Qui trnh ng gi

Thit b ng gi s bt kn phn v, lm mt bng nc v c th m bo cht lng sn phm sau 3 ca lm vic. y l mt cng on sn xut sch. Nh xng v b phn c thit k theo tiu chun GMB-WHO Phn xng ng gi tt c cc sn phm do Nh my sn xut Cng sut thit k: 6000 ti/gi

15


Phn xng v trng sn phm dch truyn ng gi

Qui trnh sn xut: Sn phm dch truyn ng gi s c kim tra cht lng u vo, sau khi kim tra xong sn phm ny s c mang i kh trng, kim tra cht lng thm mt ln na ri mi nhp vo kho. Sn phm ng gi

Kim tra cht lng u vo

Chun b kh trng

Kh trng


Kho

Hnh 1.4

Qui tnh v trng sn phm ng gi

Cng on ny phi tun th theo mt qui trnh cht ch vi cc thit b chuyn dng. Nh xng ca b phn c thit k v xy dng theo tiu chun GMP-WHO. Cng ngh v trng c thc hin rt nhiu ti cc nh my do Birkmaier lp t. Phn xng thc hin tit trng tt c sn phm do Nh my sn xut. Cng sut thit k: 6000 ti/gi Quy trnh kim nghim cht lng sn phm Qu trnh kim nghim cht lng sn phm QC (quality control) gm c 2 giai on: - Kim nghim cht lng bn thnh phm: Khi nguyn liu v nc qua x l RO c pha trn ln nhau, ri c lc th ti y ngi ta s thc hin kim nghim ln th 1. - Kim nghim thnh phm: Khi dch truyn c v ti, th s c kim nghim ln th 2. S dng my phn tch sc k lng cao p HPLC kim nghim (kim tra nh tnh v nh lng) 16


Ngoi ra mi l sn phm cn thc hin kim tra ch nhit t trn th xc nh trong sn phm c cn AND l, hoc cht l hay khng. Tuy nhin, D n ny khng nui th, m th c nui ni khc. 1.4.6 Danh mc my mc thit b d kin nhp khu - Cc my mc thit b chnh ca nh my s do BIRKMAIER cung cp. Cc thit b ph tr nh: my iu ha khng kh, thit b phng th nghim v cc thit b khc nhau trong nc c th sn xut s c mua ti Vit Nam. - Cc my mc thit b c nhp khu mi hon ton v nhp t bn c v. Bng 1.1 Danh mc my mc thit b

S hiu my ca WOBA S lng (ci/b) Thit b ca b phn sn xut ti My hn t ng tn s cao 10 ci Dng c hn (mt c) 10 b My in v ct 2 b Thit b ca b phn sn xut Dch truyn IV Thit b x l nc vi F, EO, v DS 2 b Thit b pha trn 2 ci My nh liu lng 30 ci Thit b nim phong 30 ci Dng c vn chuyn 2 ci Thit b ca b phn ng gi Pr-0429 my ng gi t ng cho sn phm ti y 4 ci khoa Dng c ng ti y khoa 4 b Thit b ca b phn v trng Pr-0400 WD my kh trng t ng 2 ci Ngun: D n u t Nh my sn xut dch truyn-2009

1.4.7

Tin thc hin cng trnh Ty thuc vo thi gian thm nh, ph duyt v cp giy Chng nhn u t theo trnh t th tc quy nh hin hnh. Tin thc hin d n c c tnh nh sau:

17


Bng 1.2

Tin thc hin cng trnhTrch nhim Trc Anh Thi gian thc hin 3 thng k t ngy k hp ng thu t Lch biu d kin Thng 3/20096/2009 Thng 4/20096/2010 Thng 8/20096/2010 Thng 2/20107/2010 Thng 7/201012/2010

Cc bc cng vic ng k u t, k hp ng thu t, kho st, thit k nh xng v xin giy xy dng

12-14 thng k t Ch to my mc thit b v ngy k hp ng Birkmaier nhp khu v Vit Nam mua bn my mc thit b v m L/C 10 thng k t ngy Xy dng nh xng Trc Anh c cp php xy dng 3-5 thng trc khi Tuyn dng, hun luyn, tip th Birkmaier lp t my mc thit khai trng &Trc Anh b 5 thng k t ngy Lp t my mc thit b, vn Birkmaier thit b v n cng hnh th Tp.HCM D kin sau 18-20 thng k t ngy k hp ng mua bn Khnh thnh Nh my Trc Anh my mc thit b v chuyn giao cng ngh vi Birkmaier 6-8 thng k t ngy Hun luyn, o tao, chuyn Birkmaier Nh my bt u hot giao cng ngh ng Ngun: D n u t Nh my sn xut dch truyn-2009

Thng 1/2011

Thng 1/20116/2011

18


1.4.8

Mc u t v ngun vn ca d n Bng 1.3 Mc u t v ngun vn ca d n VND 194.082.000.000 192.782.000.000 190.504.000.000 1.246.000.000 1.032.000.000 1.300.000.000 890.000.000 54.000.000 356.000.000 10.500.000.000 9.552.000.000 89.000.000 125.000.000 267.000.000 178.000.000 8.893.000.000 26.679.000.000 5.336.000.000 246.149.000.000 5.336.000.000 251.485.000.000 USD 10.912.000 10.839.000 10.711.000 70.000 58.000 73.000 50.000 3.000 20.000 591.000 537.000 5.000 7.000 15.000 10.000 500.000 1.500.000 300.000 13.840.000 300.000 14.140.000

u t A u t thit b v cng ngh I. Thit b sn xut v cng ngh Nhp khu my mc thit b chnh ca Birkmaier My mc thit b mua ti Vit Nam Chi ph n, , i li ca chuyn gia II. Thit b khc Phng tin vn chuyn My pht in d phng My bin p 3 pha 560 Kva B u t nh xng (3.500 m2) C Chi ph chun b u t Chi ph nghin cu, lp d n u t T vn php l v cc th tc c lin quan Chi ph tip th v o to tin khai trng Chi ph vn hnh th my mc thit b Tr tin thu t trong 39 nm (10.000 m2) D Li vay trong thi gian thi cng E D phng ph Vn c nh Vn lu ng Tng vn u tNgun: D n u t Nh my sn xut dch truyn-2009

19


CHNG 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI

20


2.1 2.1.1

IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG iu kin t nhin Huyn Cam Lm c thnh lp t thng 5 nm 2007, c din tch t nhin l 550,26 km2, huyn c din tch rng t nhin ln, nhiu khong sn v tim nng du lch ln. a gii hnh chnh huyn Cam Lm: - ng gip vi bin ng - Ty gip vi huyn Khnh Vnh v huyn Khnh Sn - Nam gip vi th x Cam Ranh - Bc gip thnh ph Nha Trang v huyn Din Khnh Huyn Cam Lm, tnh Khnh Ha nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma: - S gi nng trong nm 2.600 gi - Nhit trung bnh: 26 270C - m tng i trung bnh khong 80% - Lng ma trung bnh hng trn di 2000mm/nm chia lm 2 ma r rt, ma ma t thng 9 n thng 12 tp trung 70-80% lng ma c nm, cn li l nng m rt thun li cho du lch

2.1.2

Hin trng mi trng

2.1.2.1 Hin trng mi trng nc mt Thi gian thu mu c tin hnh vo ngy 12/08/2009 Cng ty Mi Trng AQC phi hp vi S khoa hc v cng ngh Tp. HCM, trung tm nghin cu dch v cng ngh v mi trng tin hnh ly mu v phn tch cht lng nc mt ti 2 v tr: - V tr 1: Sng Sui Du - V tr 2: Bu c

21


Bng 2.1

Kt qu phn tch nc mt ti Sng Sui Du v Bu C

STT 1 2

V tr V tr 1 V tr 2

pH 6,6 6,7

TSS (mg/l) 43,7 44

DO (mg/l) 6,2 5,8

BOD5 (mg/l) 6,7 6,8

NO3(mg/l) 0,06 0,058

Zn (mg/l) 0,01 0,015

Cu (mg/l) 0,0025 0,0023 0,5

As (mg/l) 0,0047 0,004 0,05

HC (mg/l) 0,502 0,55 0,13

Coliforms (MPN/100ml) 240.000 250.000 7.500

QCVN 08:2008 5,5 - 9 50 4 15 10 1,5 (B1) Ngun: SKH v CN Tp. HCM, trung tm nghin cu dch v cng ngh v mi trng Ghi ch: - QCVN 08-2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt Nhn xt: -

Theo QCVN 08:2008 ch tiu pH, TSS, DO, BOD, NO3- , Zn, Cu, As u t quy chun mi trng cho php Cc ch tiu HC, Coliforms so vi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (B1) khng t quy chun mi trng cho php.

Kt lun: - Qua kt qu kho st cht lng nc mt ti sng Sui Du, Bu C c du hiu nhim vi sinh.

22


2.1.2.2 Hin trng mi trng khng kh Thi gian thu mu c tin hnh vo ngy 12/8/2009 Cng ty Mi Trng AQC phi hp vi phi hp vi S khoa hc v cng ngh Tp. HCM, trung tm nghin cu dch v cng ngh v mi trng tin hnh ly mu v phn tch cht lng khng kh ti 2 v tr: - V tr 1: Khu vc cng Nh my - V tr 2: Khu vc gia Nh my Bng 2.2 Stt Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh V tr o NO2 (mg/m3) 0,0035 0,004 0,2 SO2 (mg/m3) 0,074 0,078 0,35 Bi (mg/m3) 0,57 0,6 0,3 Nhit (0C) 29,8 29,7 m (%) 60,3 60,2 Ting n (dBA) 70,5 70,975

01 V tr 1 02 V tr 2 TCVN 5937 - 2005

TCVN 5949 1998 Ngun: SKH v CN Tp. HCM, trung tm nghin cu dch v cng ngh v mi trng

Ghi ch: - TCVN 5937 - 2005: Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh - TCVN 5949 1998: m hc Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c. Mc n ti a cho php. Nhn xt: Qua kt qu phn tch ta thy tt c cc ch tiu u t tiu chun mi trng cho php, ch c bi l vt gp 2 ln so vi tiu chun. Kt lun: Nhn chung, cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n cha b nhim. Nng cc cht gy nhim nh hn hoc xp x bng TCVN. 2.2 IU KIN KINH T - X HI Huyn Cam Lm c 14 n v hnh chnh trc thuc, gm th trn Cam c v 13 th x nh x Cam Tn, x Cam Ha, x Cam Hi ng, x Cam Hi Ty, x Sn Tn, x Cam Hip Bc, x Cam Hip Nam, x Cam Phc Ty, x Cam Thnh Bc, x Cam An Bc, x Cam An Nam, x Sui Ct, x Sui Tn. Ngi dn a phng Cam Lm thu nhp ch yu bng ngh bun bn, trng trt, chn nui v nui trng thy sn.

23


Trong nhiu nm qua, i sng kinh t x hi ca nhn dn huyn c i mi. Nhiu cng trnh xy dng: ng lin x, lin thn c nng cp to iu kin pht trin v mt kinh t, x hi cho nhn dn. 2.2.1 a. Tinh hinh phat trin x hi Dn s Theo nin gim thng k nm 2008 dn s t 100.916 ngi. Mt dn s 185,16 ngi/km2. Dn th l 15.045 ngi v dn nng thn l 85.874 ngi. Trong t l sinh l 12,50 , t l cht l 3,1, t l tng dn s l 9,31. Thnh phn dn c trong khu vc a s l ngi kinh cn li l tp trung cc dn tc t ngi trn nh Raglai, Hoa, Chm, Ty, Thi b. Gio dc thc hin chng trnh xo m ch v ph cp gio dc tiu hc. Chng trnh ph cp gio dc tip tc c y mnh. Tnh n nm 2008, ton huyn c 20.979 hc sinh ph thng c. Y t Theo nin gim thng k nm 2007, ton huyn Cam Lm c 14 x th trn c trm y t, trong c 22 bc s, v 78 ging bnh d. Lao ng Bng 2.3 Ngun lao ng v phn phi ngun lao ng (VT: Ngi) Nm 2008 A. Ngun lao ng 1. S ngi trong tui lao ng - C kh nng lao ng - Mt kh nng lao ng 2. S ngi ngoi tui lao ng trong thc t c tham gia lao ng - Trn tui lao ng - Di tui lao ng B. Phn phi ngun lao ng 1. ang lm vic trong cc ngnh kinh t 2. Trong tui c kh nng lao ng ang i hc - Hc ph thng - Hc chuyn mn, nghip v, hc ngh 3. Trong tui c kh nng lao ng ang lm ni tr 4. Trong tui c kh nng lao ng khng lm vic 5. Trong tui c kh nng lao ng ang thiu vic lm 68.270 63.328 62.245 1.083 4.942 4.349 593 68.270 55.978 5.468 3.263 2.205 819 854 5.151

24

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n Nh my Sn xut Dch Truyn Ngun: Nin gim thng k Huyn Cam Lm, tnh Khnh Ha - 2008

Bng 2.4

Thng k s lng lao ng lm trong cc ngnh kinh t (VT: Ngi) Nm 2008 Trong nh nc 3.321 81 72 1.724 1.044 84 8 308 -

Tng s Nng, lm nghip Thy sn Cng nghip khai thc m Cng nghip ch bin Sn xut, phn phi in, kh t, nc Xy dng Thng nghip, sa cha xe c ng c, m t, xe my Khch sn, nh hng Vn ti, kho bi, thng tin lin lc Hot ng ti chnh tn dng Hot ng lin quan kinh doanh Qun l nh nc, an ninh quc phng, m bo x hi bt buc Gio dc v o to Y t v cu tr x hi Vn ha th thao ng, on th, hip hi Phc v c nhn, cng ng Lm thu vic gia nh trong h t nhn Hot ng ca cc t chc on th quc t

Tng s 55.978 39.831 3.057 380 2.684 10 174 3.010 1.489 436 69 62 1.778 1.194 96 84 856 447 321 -

Ngun: Nin gim thng k Huyn Cam Lm, tnh Khnh Ha - 2008

2.2.2 a.

Tinh hinh phat trin kinh t Huyn Cam Lm Cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip

Quy hoch tng th kinh t x hi huyn Cam Lm, tnh Khnh Ho ra mc tiu chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng cng nghip ha hin i ha, tng dn t trng cng nghip trong nn kinh t quc dn. Qu trnh chuyn i c cu ny nhanh hay chm, thnh cng hay khim khuyt, ty thuc vo ni lc (v tr a l, ti nguyn, con ngi,..) ca tng vng, kh nng nm bt thi c, chuyn thch thc tr thnh c hi, cc chnh sch c ph hp vi xu hng pht trin mi vng.

25


Trong xu th hi nhp, Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, Tnh Khnh Ha thu ht rt nhiu cc doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc u t phat trin kinh t. Cc cm cng nghip, cc doanh nghip t nhn, cc cng ty lin doanh lp ra ngy cng nhiu. V vy, mi khu vc u c cc chnh sch thu ht u t, thu ht ngun vn vo Tnh mnh. Theo nin gim thng k nm 2008 tng gi tr sn xut cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip l 2.344.089 triu ng, trong cng nghip quc doanh l 28.600 triu ng v tiu th cng nghip ngoi quc doanh l 2.315.489 triu ng ch yu l cc loi hnh sn xut nh: - Cng nghip khai thc: khai thc v cc loi m khc - Cng nghip sn xut v phn phi in nc - Cng nghip ch bin Trong cng nghip ch bin gm cc ngnh nh: - Sn xut ch bin thc phm - Sn xut ung - Sn xut sn phm dt - Sn xut trang phc - Sn xut sn phm bng da, gi da - Sn xut sn phm bng g, lm sn v sn phm t tre na - Xut bn in v sao bn ghi - Sn xut ha cht v cc sn phm ha cht - Sn xut cc sn phm t khong cht phi kim loi khc - Sn xut cc sn phm t kim loi - Sn xut my mc v thit b - Sn xut thit b vn phng, my tnh - Sn xut thit b in, in t - Sn xut sa cha xe c ng c - Sa cha bo dng, lp t my mc thit b - Sn xut ging, t, bn gh Trong , ngnh cng nghip ch bin l ngnh quan trng v c hiu qu kinh t cao, a kim ngch ca huyn tng cao, mang li li ch kinh t x hi ng thi gii quyt vic lm cho lao ng a phng. Nng nghip

Tng din tch t nng nghip ca huyn Cam Lm l 35.078 ha.

26


Trong t lm nghip chim 20.432 ha bao gm t rng sn xut; t rng phng h; t rng c dng, t sn xut nng nghip 13.901ha, t nui trng thy sn 730ha, t lm mui 2ha, t nng nghip khc 11ha. Bng 2.5 Din tch t s dng cho sn xut nng nghip (VT: Ha) Nm 2008 8.619 1.812 6.806 5.281 37,7 5.100 143,3

t trng cy hng nm - t trng la - t trng cy hng nm cn li t trng cy lu nm - t trng cy cng nghip lu nm - t trng cy n qu lu nm t trng cy lu nm khc

Ngun: Nin gim thng k Huyn Cam Lm, tnh Khnh Ha - 2008

- Tng sn lng lng thc 17.357 tn trong sn lng thc t 16.292 tn - Sn lng ca ngnh trng trt t c trong nm 2008 l 317.335 triu ng Chn nui: Ngnh chn nui huyn Cam Lm chim t trng khng cao trong c cu kinh t nng nghip, biu hin c trng ca sn xut nng nghip cn nng v trng trt v ch mi bc u chuyn dch theo hng chn nui. Cc sn phm chnh l heo, gia cm v gia sc. Tng doanh thu t c ca ngnh chn nui ton huyn Cam Lm nm 2008 l 30.589 triu ng. Du lch

Huyn Cam Lm c cc thng cnh p, c bit l khu du lch Bi Di vi bi bin un cong di, nm trn trc ng ni thnh ph Nha Trang v sn bay Cam Ranh. b. Khu vc d n KCN Sui Du c din tch 136 ha, nm huyn Din Khnh, tnh Khnh Ha c v tr thun li ni vi quc l 1A, cch thnh ph Nha Trang 25km v cng quc t Cam Ranh, Cng Ba Ngi 35km. Hin nay c s h tng ti KCN Sui Du tng bc hon chnh, m bo cung cp h thng in sinh hot, sn xut v nh my cung cp nc vi cng sut 10.000m3/ngy t h Sui Du dn v, cng h thng thng tin lin lc quc t cho cc doanh nghip. Bn cnh h thng x l nc thi ca cc doanh nghip cng c lin kt vi nh my x l nc thi chung trong KCN c cng sut 7.500 m3/ngy. Song song vi vic cung cp nhng tin tch vt cht cho nh u t, KCN Sui Du cn l ngi bn ng hnh ca cc doanh nghip thng qua vic cung cp cc dch v t vn, xy dng o to nhn vin, xut nhp khu, vn chuyn, ngn hng. Bi nhng tin ch , KCN nhanh chng c cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc chn l ni l tng a vo thc hin nhng d n sn xut ln.

27


n thng 12/2007, KCN Sui Du thu ht c 32 d n, thu trn 50 ha (t thng phm) ca giai on 1, trong 28 d n ang trin khai hot ng, ch yu trong cc lnh vc ch bin thy sn, may mc, dt, giy da, in in t, ph tng xe tNgoi ra, ang c thm 2 doanh nghip Nht Bn k hp ng ghi nh thu thm t. Hin nay, KCN Sui Du ang tip tc hon thin giai on 2 vi din tch 39 ha (t thng phm) v c 3 doanh nghip k bin bn ghi nh thu n 13 ha. Sau mt nm Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, thu ht u t ti tnh Khnh Ha v KCN Sui Du ni ring tng ln. Tip tc khng nh uy tn v thng hiu ca mnh vi cc nh u t, KCN Sui Du ang nng cao cc dch v nh cung cp nc sch, hon chnh h thng x l nc thi, v sinh cng nghip, gi vng an ninh trong KCN, m bo mi trng sn xut v kinh doanh tt, ph hp vi thi k hi nhp ca t nc.

28


CHNG 3 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

29


3.1. 3.1.1

NH GI TC NG Giai on xy dng

3.1.1.1 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh Trong qu trnh san lp mt bng v xy dng cc cng trnh cho D n, cht lng khng kh b tc ng do nhng nguyn nhn: Bi, hi xng du pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn, vt liu; Bi v cc cht kh SO2, NO2, CO, THC do khi thi ca xe c gii vn chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b; khi thi ca cc thit b my mc phc v xy dng (ba my, xe cu,...); Nhin, nguyn, vt liu ri vi (ct, , xi mng, xng, du, sn,); Bc x nhit t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit, khi hn (nh qu trnh ct, hn st thp; ct, hn lp rp thit b; t nng chy Bitum tri nha ng); Ting n, rung do cc phng tin giao thng vn chuyn, cc my mc thit b; Mi hi pht sinh t khu v sinh tm ca cng nhn, t ni tp trung cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn. Trong cc tc ng ny, tc ng do bi, kh thi phng tin giao thng vn chuyn v ting n l ba tc ng ch yu nht ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng. Cc tc ng ny s c nh gi chi tit nh sau: a. nhim bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng: Nng bi trong khng kh s tng cc b dc theo tuyn ng chuyn ch vt liu v khu vc d n xy dng, nht l vo ma kh. Nguyn nhn gy nhim bi l do qu trnh chuyn ch v bc d nguyn vt liu xy dng. Ngoi ra bi cn pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nguyn nhin vt liu. Thnh phn ha l ca bi loi ny l cc ht t, ct c kch thc ln hn 10 micron, thuc loi bi nng, khng pht tn i xa, d sa lng v gy nh hng trc tip n cng nhn lao ng ti cng trng. Bng 3.1 Nng bi c tnh t cc hot ng xy dng Nguyn nhn gy nhim Bi sinh ra do qu trnh bc d vt liu xy dng Xe vn chuyn t, ct ri vi trn mt ngNgun: WHO, Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution, 1993

Nng 0,1 1 g/m3 0,1 1g/m3

Tm li, tc ng nh hng do bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng l mc cho php. Song, v y l dng bi lng trn b mt v s pht tn mnh khi c gi lc, dng git, nn Ch u t p dng cc bin php gim thiu bi v bo m y trang b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nhm bo v an ton sc khe v nng lc lm vic ca cng nhn thi cng.

30


i vi khu dn c xung quanh, th tc ng nhim do bi l khng ng k v khng chu nh hng tc ng trc tip. b. nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn v t cc thit b my mc thi cng xy dng Hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n trong giai on xy dng s l ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh. Bng 3.2 H s nhim ca cc phng tin vn chuyn s dng du diesel

Cht Bi SO2 NO2 CO VOC nhim (g/xe.km) Chy khng ti 611x10-3 582x10-3 1.620x10-3 913x10-3 511x10-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 Chy c ti 1.190x10 786x10 2.960x10 1.780x10 1.270x10-3 Ngun: WHO, Enviromental technology series. Assessment of sources of air, water, and land pollution. A Guide to rapid source techniques and their use in formulating environmental control stragies-

Vi khi lng thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n, d bo s lt phng tin vn chuyn tng ng trong tng nm c trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 3.3TT 1 2 3 4

D bo s lt phng tin vn chuynNm 2009 2010 2011 2012 S lng phng tin vn chuyn (lt/ngy) 50 70 80 100 80 100 80 100

Kt qu tnh ton ti lng nhim do kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn v thi cng trong giai on xy dng vi qung ng vn chuyn trong khu vc d n. Bng 3.4Thng s Nm 2009 Chy khng ti Chy c ti Nm 2010 Chy khng ti Chy c ti Nm 2011 Chy khng ti Chy c ti Nm 2012 Chy khng ti Chy c ti

Ti lng nhim khng kh do cc phng tin vn chuynBi SO2 kg/ngy 0,0300,043 0,0600,083 0,0490,061 0,0950,119 0,0490,061 0,0950,119 0,0490,061 0,0950,119 0,0290,041 0,0390,055 0,0470,058 0,0630,079 0,0470,058 0,0630,079 0,0470,058 0,0630,079 0,0810,113 0,1480,207 0,1300,162 0,2370,296 0,1300,162 0,2370,296 0,1300,162 0,2370,296 0,0460,064 0,0890,125 0,0730,091 0,1420,178 0,0730,091 0,1420,178 0,0730,091 0,1420,178 0,0260,036 0,0640,089 0,0410,051 0,1020,127 0,0410,051 0,1020,127 0,0410,051 0,1020,127 NO2 CO VOC

Cc nghin cu xc nh c rng cc thit b xy dng thi cng nh: xe ti, my ng cc, my m nn, my khoan, my pht in, xe vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v trm trn b tng nha ng... s l ngun gy nhim khng kh. Do hu ht my mc thit b u s dng xng hoc du lm nhin liu nn chng thi ra bi, SOx, NOx,

31


hydrocacbon v ch vo khng kh. Tuy nhin, tc ng mi trng do cc hot ng ny khng ln v khng thng xuyn. c. nhim do ting n t cc phng tin giao thng, thit b thi cng nc ta cha c tiu chun quy nh c th v mc ting n cho cng tc thi cng xy dng ni chung. Tuy nhin, theo tiu chun ban hnh v mc cho php ting n ti khu vc lao ng (TCVN 3985 - 1985) v gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c (TCVN 5949 - 1998), th: Mc n ln nht cho php l 75dBA trong khu dn c xen k trong khu vc thng mi, dch v, sn xut t 6 gi n 18 gi; Mc n thp nht l 40dBA ti khu vc cn c bit yn tnh (bnh vin, th vin, nh iu dng, nh tr, trng hc, nh th, cha chin) t 22 gi n 6 gi sng. Nh vy, vi mc n pht ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng trng nh trnh by trong bng 3.12 di y, th mc n cc i do cc thit b thi cng gy ra u vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Bng 3.5 Mc n sinh ra t cc hot ng thi cng trn cng trng

Stt Thit b Mc n (dBA), cch ngun n 15m 01 My i 93,0 02 My khoan 87,0 03 My m nn (xe lu) 72,0 - 74,0 04 My xc gu trc 72,0 - 84,0 05 Gu ngc 72,0 - 93,0 06 My ko 77,0 - 96,0 07 My cp t 80,0 - 93,0 08 My lt ng 87,0 - 88,5 09 Xe ti 82,0 - 94,0 10 My trn b tng 75,0 - 88,0 11 Bm b tng 80,0 - 83,0 12 My p b tng 85,0 13 Cn trc di ng 76,0 - 87,0 14 My pht in 72,0 - 82,5 15 My nn 75,0 - 87,0 16 Ba chn v my khoan 81,0 - 98,0 17 My ng cc 95,0 - 106,0 Ngun: Trung tm Cng ngh Mi trng - ENTEC tng hp, nm 2007

Trong khi , mc n cc i ca cc loi xe c gii c trnh by nh trong bng 3.2 di y.

Bng 3.6Stt 01

Mc n cc loi xe c giiLoi xe Xe du lch Mc n (dBA) 77

32

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n Nh my Sn xut Dch Truyn Stt Loi xe Mc n (dBA) 02 Xe mini bus 84 03 Xe vn ti 93 04 Xe m t 4 th 94 05 Xe m t 2 th 80 Ngun: Trung tm Cng ngh Mi trng - ENTEC tng hp, nm 2007

Theo bng ny, th n cc i ca cc loi xe vn ti (93dBA) cng vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Do , Ch u t p dng cc bin php khng ch nhim ting n do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti, nht l khi i ngang qua khu vc dn c, gim thiu tc ng nhim do ting n ca cc xe vn ti i vi khu vc dn c trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n. 3.1.1.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc Cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng d n l: Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn; Nc ma chy trn qua ton b khu t d n cun theo bi, t, ct, , nguyn nhin vt liu nh xi mng, xng du, sn, ri vi, r r. a. nhim do nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cng trnh Tc ng n mi trng nc do qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n ch yu do nc thi sinh hot ca cc cng nhn xy dng. Thnh phn cc cht nhim ch yu trong nc thi sinh hot gm: Cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/ COD), cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh gy bnh (Coliforms, E.Coli). y l cc thnh phn c th gy nhim ngun nc mt v nc ngm nu khng c x l. Lu lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s nh mc nc thi v s lng cng nhn. Theo tiu chun xy dng, nh mc nc cp sinh hot cho cng nhn xy dng l 60l/ngi.ngy. nh mc pht sinh nc thi sinh hot l 60 lt/ngi/ngy.m (tng ng khong 90% nc cp). Theo kinh nghim thc t t cc cng trnh khc xy dng, c th c tnh trung bnh mi ngy c 80 cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng. Nh vy, tng lu lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n l khong 4,4 m3/ngy.

33


Theo tnh ton thng k i vi nhng quc gia ang pht trin, th h s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l) nh c trnh by trong bng 3.3: Bng 3.7 H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (cht thi sinh hot cha qua x l)H s (g/ngi/ngy) 45 54 72 102 70 145 10 30 6 12 2,4 - 4,8 0,8 - 4,0

Stt Cht nhim 01 BOD5 02 COD (dicromate) 03 Cht rn l lng (SS) 04 Du m phi khong 05 Nitrat (tnh theo N) 06 Amoni (N-NH4) 07 Tng photpho (P) Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993

Cn c vo cc h s nhim tnh ton nhanh nu trn, c th d bo ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n nh c trnh by trong bng 3.4. Bng 3.8Stt 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Ti lng nhim sinh ra t cht thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong giai on thi cng d nCht nhim BOD5 COD (dicromate) Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m Nitrat (tnh theo N) Amoni (N-NH4) Tng photpho (P) Ti lng (kg/ngy) 3,60 4,30 5,76 8,16 5,60 11,60 0,80 2,40 0,48 0,96 0,192 0,384 0,064 0,326

Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton da trn ti lng nhim, lu lng nc thi v hiu sut x l ca b t hoi (2 ngn). Kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.5. Bng 3.9 Nng cc cht nhim mi trng trong nc thi sinh hot giai on xy dngCht nhim BOD5 COD (dicromate) Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m Nitrat (tnh theo N) Amoni (tnh theo N) Tng photpho (P) Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l) Khng qua Sau khi x l bng QC14-2008 x l b t hoi (ct B) 469 - 563 281 - 338 50 750 - 1.063 450 - 638 729 - 1.510 438 - 906 100 20 104,2 - 312,5 62,5 - 187,5 50 62,5 - 125,0 37,5 - 75,0 25,0 - 50,0 15,0 - 30,0 10 10 8,3 - 41,7 5,0 - 25,0

Stt 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Ghi ch: Tiu chun p dng: QC14 2008 Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot

34


Nhn xt: So snh vi tiu chun c th thy rng, khi nc thi cha qua x l hoc a qua x l s b bng b t hoi (2 ngn), th cc ch tiu nhim u vt quy chun cho php. Tuy nhin, do iu kin thi cng trong thi gian ngn, nn Ch d n s yu cu cc nh thu lp t cc nh v sinh di ng, nh k thu n v c chc nng n thu gom v x l ti khu vc theo quy nh. V th, lng nc thi sinh hot s khng thi ra ngoi. b. Tc ng do nc ma chy trn trn khu vc d n Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n lu lng nc ma trung bnh chy trn trn din tch d n c tnh c th t 54,8 m3/ngy v c th gy nn tc ng tiu cc l nc ma gy ng, ngp ng v snh ly cc b trn khu t d n. Nc ngp ng lm tng kh nng nhim ngun nc v l mi trng pht trin cc loi k sinh gy bnh. Tuy nhin, tc ng ny s ch din ra trong thi gian ngn do Ch d n hon thnh xy dng hng mc cng trnh thot nc ngay t lc bt u thi cng xy dng d n. 3.1.1.2 Tc ng do cht thi rn Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, cht thi rn pht sinh gm: Xi mng; gch; ct; ; g, vn nguyn liu ri vi; gi lau dnh du m, keo, sn; cc thng cha sn, xng du; pin, c quy... Ngoi ra vic tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng lm pht sinh rc thi sinh hot ti khu vc cng trng. Rc thi sinh hot ny nhn chung l nhng loi cha nhiu cht hu c, d phn hu (tr bao b, nylon). Theo c tnh, mi cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc d n thi ra trung bnh l 0,3kg rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. Vy vi 80 cng nhn lao ng ti cng trng mi ngy th tng lng rc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n l khong 24 kg/ngy. Mc d khi lng rc thi rn sinh hot khng ln nhng nu khng c bin php thu gom x l hp l th kh nng tch t trong thi gian xy dng ngy cng nhiu v gy tc ng n cht lng khng kh do phn hy cht thi hu c cng nh tc ng n ngun nc mt do tng c ngun nc, cn tr dng chy, gy bi lng. Ngoi ra cn to iu kin cho cc vi sinh vt gy bnh pht trin, gy nguy c pht sinh v ly truyn mm bnh nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn thi cng v xa hn l cc khu dn c. V vy, s lng rc thi ny s c Ch u t Ban qun l KCN Sui Du thu gom, vn chuyn v chn lp hp v sinh ti khu vc quy hoch ca tnh. Tuy cc cht thi rn nguy hi nh gi lau dnh du m, keo, sn; cc thng cha sn, xng du; pin, c quy c khi lng khng ng k nhng Ch u t s t cc thng cha trn cng trng cha lng cht thi rn ny. Sau s hp ng vi Ban qun l KCN Sui Du thu gom vn chuyn i x l theo quy nh

35


3.1.1.3 Tc ng nhim cho gia D n trong giai on xy dng vi cc i tng khc trong KCN Hin ti Khu Cng Nghip Sui Du c rt nhiu nh my i vo hot ng, v nhiu nh my cn ang tin hnh xy dng. Cc nh my i vo hot ng xung quanh D n nh Nh my ch bin hi sn, Nh my ch bin g, Nh my sn xut v may mc, v i din khu vc D n c Nh my ch bin hi sn ang xy dng. Vic thi cng xy dng D n hon ton mi c nh hng ti cc nh my xung quanh nh: hin tng bi lm vng cc tng mi qut vi (ca nh my ang xy dng), lm nh hng ti cht lng sn phm (ca cc nh my i vo hot ng)... Ngoi tc ng ca D n gy ra i vi cc Nh my xung quanh, th D n cng chu s tc ng li ca cc Nh my , l s tc ng qua li, hay cn gi l tc ng nhim cho. Tuy nhin cc tc ng ny ch mang tnh gin on, khng lin tc nn n khng nh hng ln ti D n cng nh cc Nh my xung quanh. 3.1.1.4 Tc ng v mt x hi Vic tp trung mt lng ln cng nhn xy dng trong thi gian thi cng c th gy nguy c tc ng tiu cc ti tnh hnh an ninh trt t ti a phng nh pht sinh cc dch v khng lnh mnh, trt t x hi, v sinh mi trng. Nhn chung, d n gy nh hng khng ln n cc vn kinh t x hi, vn ha, tinh thn ca khu vc. Ch u t s kt hp cht ch vi chnh quyn a phng trong cng tc qun l cng nhn nhm trnh nhng pht sinh c tc ng tiu cc ti an ninh trt t x hi ti a phng. Mt khc giai on xy dng d n cng c mt tc ng tch cc n kinh t x hi bng cch to ra vic lm tm thi cho mt s ngi, gp phn ci thin thu nhp 3.1.1.5 D bo nhng ri ro v s c xy ra trong giai on xy dng a. S c tai nn lao ng S c tai nn lao ng c th xy ra trong bt k cng on thi cng xy dng d n. Nguyn nhn ca cc trng hp xy ra s c tai nn lao ng trn cng trng xy dng c xc nh ch yu bao gm: nhim mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng lm nh hng xu ti sc khe ca cng nhn. Mt vi loi nhim cp tnh ty thuc thi gian v mc tc dng c kh nng gy mt mi chong vng hay ngt cho cng nhn Cng vic lp rp, thi cng v qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu vi mt xe ting n, rung cao c th gy ra tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao thng, Bt cn trong lao ng, thiu trang thit b bo h lao ng, thiu thc hoc khng tun th ni quy an ton lao ng trong cng tc thi cng.

-

b.

S c chy n

36


H thng cp in tm thi cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy ra s c git, chp, chy n, S dng cc thit b gia nhit trong thi cng c th gy chy, bng hay tai nn lao ng nu khng c bin php phng nga.

37


3.1.2

Giai on vn hnh ca d n

3.1.2.1 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim khng kh a. Bi Bi: Pht sinh trong qu trnh i li cc phng tin ra vo giao nhn hng v nguyn liu. Trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my, hu ht tt c cng on u khng pht sinh bi hoc nu c (quy trnh sn xut ti y khoa) th lng bi ny sinh ra khng nhiu so vi bi do giao thng bn ngoi nh my. b. Kh thi Kh thi: Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my khng pht sinh kh thi. Ch yu ch l kh thi t hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn, t khu bp ca cng tin v t hot ng ca my pht in d phng (mc d hot ng ca my pht in l khng thng xuyn) Kh thi t hot ng giao thng bn trong v ngoi khu vc nh my

Cc phng tin giao thng ny s dng nhin liu ch yu l xng v du diesel s thi ra mi trng mt lng khi thi cha cc cht nhim khng kh. Thnh phn kh thi ch yu l bi, NOx, SO2, CO, CO2, VOC. Cc thnh phn ny ty theo c tnh ca mi loi m tc ng ln mi trng v sc khe ca con ngi theo mi cch khc nhau. i vi xe my Theo ti liu nh gi ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) v nhim khng kh ca inh Xun Thng, h s nhim ca cc phng tin giao thng v ng c diesel c th hin trong cc bng nh sau. Bng 3.10Kh thi g/Km Bi SO2 0,12 0,6S

H s nhim t xe gn myH s nhim Xe 2 th Kg/tn nhin liu 4 20S g/km 0,76S Xe 4 th Kg/tn nhin liu 20S

NOx 0,08 2,7 0,3 8 CO 22 730 20 525 VOC 12 500 3 80 Ngun:WHO, Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution, 1993

S l hm lng lu hunh trong nhin liu (%), theo ti liu ca Petrolimex, hm lng lu hunh c trong xng l 0,15 %. Ti lng nhim do xe my c xc nh theo cng thc sau: L (g/s) = s lng xe x 8,3.10-3 x h s nhim /1000 x 1000

38


T thc t lng phng tin giao thng ra vo khu vc c th tnh ton c ti lng kh thi giao thng pht sinh khi d n i vo hot ng. i vi ng c t Thnh phn kh c hi trong khi thi ca ng c t v h s nhim ca ng c diesel c th hin trong cc bng di y. Bng 3.11 Thnh phn kh c hi trong khi thi ca ng c t

Ch lm vic ca ng c Chy chm Tng tc n nh Gim tc Xng Diesel Xng Diesel Xng Diesel Xng Diesel Kh CO 7,0 Vt 2,5 0,1 1,8 Vt 2,0 Vt Hydrocacbon 0,5 0,04 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,01 1,0 0,03 NOx (ppm) 30 60 1.050 850 650 250 20 30 Aldehyde (ppm) 30 10 20 20 10 10 300 30 Ngun: inh Xun Thng, nhim khng kh, NXB HQG Tp.HCM, 2003 Thnh phn kh c hi (%)

Tuy nhin, nh my d n thuc khu cng nghip nn mt giao thng s khng cao, v th tc ng ca ngun kh thi t hot ng giao thng s c hn ch. Kh thi t my pht in d phng Kh thi my pht in c hm lng bi, SO2, NOx, CO cao; c th lm nhim mi trng khng kh trong khu vc, ngoi ra cc cht CO, CO2 trong kh thi my pht in cn l nhng tc nhn gy hin tng hiu ng nh knh. Ti lng nhim kh thi t my pht in d phng: Kh thi my pht in c hm lng bi, SO2, NOx, CO cao c th lm nhim mi trng khng kh trong khu vc, ngoi ra cc cht CO, CO 2 trong kh thi my pht in cn l nhng tc nhn gy hin tng hiu ng nh knh. Cc thng s hot ng ca cc my pht in ny d kin nh sau: + + + + S my pht in: 01 my Cng sut pht in: 7,5 KVA/my Loi nhin liu s dng: du DO hm lng S = 0,5%. nh mc tiu th nhin liu: 39,5 lt/gi.my -

Cc thng s kh thi khi vn hnh my pht in c tnh ton nh sau: + Lu lng kh thi 39


Lng khng kh l thuyt cn thit t chy hon ton 1 kg du DO l:1 At =11,53 C + 34 ,34 H O2 + 4,29 S 8 0,0092 = (11,53 0,857 ) + 34 ,34 0,105 + ( 4,29 0,01 ) 8 =13 ,49 kgkhongkhi / kgdauDO

+

Lng kh thi to thnh:

Vt = ( m f m NC ) + AtTrong : mf mNC Vt = = = = = 1 0,001 ( tro trong nguyn liu) (1 - 0,001) + 13,49 14,49Kg kh thi/Kg du DO 19,4m3 kh thi/kg du DO (T trng khng kh kh 200C l 0,746 Kg/m3)

Lng kh thi tnh iu kin nhit 2730K v h s khng kh tha l 1,15 c tnh nh sau: 273 + 200 3 V = 19 ,4 1,15 38 ,65 m khithai / kgdauDO 273 Vi t trng trung bnh ca du l 0,87 kg/lit th lu lng kh thi sinh ra do t du DO khi vn hnh my pht in vi cng sut 7,50KVA ca d n l khong 0,74 m3/s. Kh thi sinh ra t qu trnh t du DO bao gm bi, SO 2, NOx, CO v THC vi h s pht thi nh sau: Bng 3.12 H s nhim ca cc cht trong kh thi my pht in khi t du DOCc cht nhim Bi SO2 NOx CO H s nhim (g/kg nhin liu) 0,71 20S 9,62 2,19

VOC 9,79 Ngun: WHO, Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution, 1993.

Trong : P = 0,4 + 1,32S S: thnh phn lu hunh trong du (SFO = 3% v SDO = 0,5%)

40


Da vo nh mc tiu th v h s nhim, c th c tnh c ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi t du DO khi vn hnh my pht in ca d n nh sau: Bng 3.13 Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi t du DO khi vn hnh my pht inTi lng nhim (g/s) 0,014 0,002 0,184 0,042 0,187 Nng (mg/m3) 18 3 248 57 253 TCVN 5939-2005, ct B (mg/m3) 200 500 850 1000 -

Cht nhim Bi khi SO2 NOx CO VOC

Ghi ch: TCVN 5939 2005: Cht lng khng kh Cht lng kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c. Nhn xt: So snh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi vi tiu chun cho thy cc ch tiu bi, CO, NOx, CO... u t tiu chun cho php. Da vo h s nhim v lng nhin liu s dng (ph thuc s gi vn hnh my pht in), c th c tnh c ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi t du DO khi vn hnh my pht in ca nh my d n. Kh thi t ni tp trung cht thi rn

Cht thi rn sinh hot c thnh phn hu c chim a s, d b phn hy sinh hc. Cng vi iu kin kh hu c nhit v m cao nn ch sau mt khong thi gian ngn chng s b phn hy k kh hay hiu kh sinh ra cc kh c hi v c mi hi kh chu nh CO2, CO, CH4, H2S, NH3 ngay t khu thu gom, tp kt ch vn chuyn i x l. c. Ting n Ting n vi cng ln, lin tc s gy gim thnh lc (ic ngh nghip); gy ri lon sinh l, bnh l nh thn kinh, tim mch, ni tit (suy nhc thn kinh, c th). Lm mt tp trung t tng, gim nng sut lao ng, d gy tai nn, gim tr nh...Thng thng mc n di 80 dBA hu nh khng gy hi cho sc khe. Ting n trn 80 dBA, nu c tc ng lin tc v lu di s c hi cho tai v sc khe. Tuy nhin vi tnh cht d n nh my dch truyn ny l u t mi, cc thit b hon ton l mua mi v c nhp khu t c vi cng ngh hin i nn tc ng ca ting n pht ra t vn hnh thit b my mc s khng cao. Ting n ch yu pht sinh t hot ng ca thit b pha trn dch truyn, my ng gi cho sn phm ti y khoa nhng vi cng khng cao, c tnh khong 65 dBA (s liu t nh cung cp thit b) 41


Hot ng ca cc my pht in d phng cng l ngun s pht ra ting n. Ting n ti v tr cch ngun 1m to ra t my pht in theo kinh nghim ca Vin Ti nguyn v Mi trng khong 95 dBA. 3.1.2.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim nc a. Nc thi sinh hot Trong giai on vn hnh d n, nc thi sinh hot pht sinh ch yu t cc nh v sinh, khu vn phng, cng-tin. S lng nhn vin d tnh khi d n i vo hot ng l 100 ngi. Vi nh mc s dng nc l 120 l/ngi/ngy, lu lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh khong 10,8 m3. Cn c vo h s nhim do sinh hot mi ngi a vo mi trng ca WHO, c th xc nh c ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot nh my, kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.9 Bng 3.14Stt 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Ti lng nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong giai on vn hnh ca d n.Ti lng (kg/ngy) 4,5 - 5,4 7,2 - 10,2 7,0 - 14,5 1,0 - 3,0 0,6 - 1,2 0,24 - 0,48 0,08 - 0,4

Cht nhim BOD5 COD (dicromate) Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m Tng nit (N) Amoni (N-NH4) Tng photpho (P)

Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton da trn ti lng nhim, lu lng nc thi v hiu sut x l ca b t hoi (loi 3 ngn, hiu sut c th t 60%), kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.10

Bng 3.15Stt 01 02 03

Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hotCht nhim Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l) Khng qua x l 333 - 400 533 - 756 518 - 1074 X l bng b t hoi (3 ngn) 200 240 320 453 311 644

BOD5 COD (dicromate) Cht rn l lng (SS)

42

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n Nh my Sn xut Dch Truyn Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l) Stt Cht nhim Khng qua x l X l bng b t hoi (3 ngn) 04 05 06 07 Du m Tng nit (N) Amoni (N-NH4) Tng photpho (P) 74 - 222 44 - 89 18 - 36 6 - 30 44 133 26,7 53,3 10,7 21,3 3,6 17,8

b.

Nc ma chy trn Nc ma chy trn trn ton b khu vc d n c tnh c lu lng trung bnh l 54,8m3/ngy. Lng nc ny bao gm nc ma thu gom t mi nh xung h thng mng thot nc ma v nc ma chy qua khu vc sn, bi u xe c th cun theo nhng thnh phn gy nhim khc nhau b ri vi, r r, trn mt t. Thnh phn nhim ch yu trong nc ma chy trn l t ct, rc thi, cn, du m, ... c th gy nh hng tiu cc ti mi trng.

c.

Nc thi sn xut Nc thi sn xut ca d n ch yu pht sinh t phn xng sn xut ti dch truyn v phn xng sn xut dch truyn. Lng nc thi c tnh khong 18 m3/ngy.m i vi phn xng sn xut ti dch truyn, nc thi pht sinh t cng on ty ra nguyn liu v sc ra cc l, ti thnh phm. Loi nc thi ny c thnh phn ch yu l cn l lng. i vi phn xng sn xut dch truyn, nc thi ch yu l nc ra bn cha dung dch sau sn xut mi lot dch truyn, thnh phn nc thi ph thuc vo cc thnh phn c trong dung dch. Nh trnh by trong chng 1, sn phm dch truyn ca nh my d n ch yu l cc thnh phn glucose, cc dung dch mui khong, mt lng nh cht bo v acid amin. Tuy nhin cc thnh phn ny c mt trong nc thi vi nng khng ng k do c trng cng ngh sn xut ca d n l hon ton t ng, v th vic r r tht thot cc hp cht dng pha trn dch truyn hoc sn phm h hng (khng t nng dung dch yu cu) l rt him khi xy ra, ch l vn ri ro trong sn xut. Bng 3.16 Tnh cht nc thi sn xut c trng ca d n nh my dch truynNng cc cht nhim (mg/l) 120 - 240 200 - 400 300 - 420 4-5

Stt Cht nhim 01 BOD5 02 COD (dicromate) 03 Cht rn l lng (SS) 04 pH Ngun: Cng ty Dc Trang thit b y t Bnh nh

3.1.2.3 Tc ng ca cht thi rn a. Ngun pht sinh Cht thi rn sinh hot

43


Trong giai on hot ng ca d n, cht thi rn sinh hot c th pht sinh t cc khu vc nh vn phng, khu cng tin. Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cc cn b, cng nhn vin ti khu vc vn phng c cc thnh phn gm: Ti nylon, carton, giy vn.... Khu cng tin trong d n cng l ngun pht sinh cht thi rn sinh hot vi thnh phn ch yu l thc phm d tha, ti nylon. c tnh tng lng rc thi sinh hot pht sinh trn tng s 100 ngi cn b, cng nhn vin lm vic ti d n khong 50 kg/ngy (trung bnh 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy), tng ng khong 15 tn/nm. Cht thi rn sn xut

Cht thi rn pht sinh t quy trnh sn xut ca d n ch yu l cc ph liu bao b ng nguyn liu sn xut, cc ti dch khng t cht lng. Tuy nhin y l nhng loi cht thi rn c kh nng tn dng li c. Ch d n s tin hnh phn loi cht thi ngay t u, c hng tn dng li hoc bn li cho cc c s sn xut khc, cn nhng rc thi khng tn dng li c s thu tp trung li, hp ng vi n v chc nng n chuyn i x l nh k. Lng rc thi sn xut thi ra hng ngy c tnh khong 30 40kg. Cht thi nguy hi

Trong hot ng ca d n, cht thi nguy hi pht sinh ch yu l cc bng n hunh quang, pin, acquy thi b, cc gi lau dnh du m thi. Nhng loi cht thi ny khng phi l loi cht thi pht sinh hng ngy, khi lng c tnh trung bnh khong 10kg/thng. Ngoi ra cht thi nguy hi cn pht sinh t qu trnh kim nghim sn phm, ch yu l cc ha cht dng kim nghim nh: Metanol (CH4OH), Cn tuyt i, Bc Nitrat (AgNO3), Iot, OPA (Ototalandehyd) b. nh gi tc ng ca cht thi rn n mi trng Nu cng tc thu gom cht thi rn ca c s khng tt th nh hng ca cht thi rn u tin l nh hng tnh hnh m quan chung ca c Cng ty sau mi n sc khe con ngi. Thnh phn hu c trong cht thi rn sinh hot nu tch t trong thi gian di s dn n mi hi do s phn hy ca cht thi, to iu kin cho mm bnh pht trin, nh hng n cht lng mi trng khng kh v sc khe ca cng nhn vin nh my. Ngoi ra, nu cht thi rn khng c qun l tt, ri vi hay tht thot ra bn ngoi mi trng s lm mt m quan cho mi trng chung ca khu cng nghip, nhim mi trng t. Cht thi rn nu ri vo h thng thot nc c th s lm tt nghn dng chy, lm ngun nc b nhim bn v suy thoi ngun nc. 44


i vi cc loi cht thi nguy hi tuy l pht sinh vi khi lng nh nhng khi thi vo mi trng s rt kh phn hy, lm suy thoi mi trng t v nh hng n sc khe ca con ngi. Tuy nhin, vi nhn thc v ngha ca cng tc bo v mi trng, ch d n s c k hoch thu gom v x l cht thi rn theo quy trnh thch hp, ng vi quy nh ca php lut (s c trnh by trong cu phn tng ng chng 4) 3.1.2.4 Tc ng nhim cho gia D n trong giai on hot ng vi cc i tng khc trong KCN Tc ng ca D n khi i vo hot ng i vi cc Nh my xung quanh: Tt c cc dy chuyn u sn xut khp kn, lin tc, m bo v trng cao, kh nng chng nhim cho gia cc khu vc sn xut vi mi trng ngoi c thc hin rt khoa hc v nghim tc theo tiu chun GMP-WHO. Nn D an khng gy ra nhng tac ng, cung nh khng anh hng ti cac Nha may xung quanh.

Tc ng ca cc Nh my xung quanh n D an: Cac Nha may xung quanh D an chu yu hoat ng trong cac linh vc nh ch bin hai san, ch bin g, may mc. Trong linh vc ch bin hai san thi c trng cua nganh nay la phat sinh mui, cac ph phm, nc thai; con trong linh vc ch bin g thi c trng cua nganh nay la phat sinh bui, nc thai; va nganh may mc thi c trng cua nganh la phat sinh bui vai. Nc thai cua cac Nha may xung quanh thi c a n h thng x ly nc thai chung cua Khu Cng nghip, nn khng gy anh hng ti D an. Va do D an s dung cng ngh hoan toan khep kin nn bui, mui phat sinh t cac Nha may xung quanh se khng gy anh hng ang k ti D an.

3.1.2.5 D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra a. Ri ro tai nn lao ng Trong hot ng sn xut ca d n nh my, vn an ton lao ng cn c ch l hot ng ca khu vc sn xut (vn an ton lao ng trong sn xut dch truyn bao gm cc thao tc tay chn, thao tc vn hnh my...). Nu ch tun th cc quy trnh thao tc lng lo, s dn n gy thng tch hoc t vong cho ngi lao ng. b. S c chy n Trong mt s cng on ca sn xut c qu trnh pht sinh nhit kh cao (sy tit trng chai l ng dch truyn) nn kh nng chy n c th xy ra v gy thit hi v ngi v ca. Mt nguyn nhn khc c kh nng dn n chy n l do chm, chp h thng in, do st nh. 45


3.2

NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI Phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng c thc hin cho d n ch yu da vo Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Da vo mc ch, tin cy, bo co la chn cc phng php sau y nh gi:

46


Bng 3.17 nh gi mc tin cy ca cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trngSTT Phng php Mc ch s dng - M t hin trng - Xc nh cc thnh phn ca hot ng d n - Nhn din cc tc ng mi trng D bo cc thay i, din bin cht lng mi trng Tnh ton v nh gi ti lng nhim Lit k cc tc ng v nh gi tc ng La chn im ly mu, phn tch hin trng mi trng khu vc d n - D bo cc thay i, din bin cht lng mi trng - nh gi mc tc ng, kh nng nh hng n mi trng, iu kin kinh t x hi v sc khe con ngi. tin cy Trung bnh

Cao

Thp

1

Phng php nhn dng

x

2 3 4 5

Phng php d on Phng php nh gi nhanh Phng php lit k Phng php kho st, phn tch mu

x x x x

6

Phng php chuyn gia

x

-

Bo co c thc hin mt cch y , chi tit da trn cc c s khoa hc ng tin cy. Cc d bo, nh gi v tc ng, cc ri ro v s c mi trng, kh nng chy n c phn tch n tng giai on ca d n, trnh b st cc tc ng trong giai on trin khai xy dng v giai on d n a vo s dng; Cc ngun gy ra nhim (khng kh, nc, cht thi rn...) c phn tch rt r rng, chi tit, c nh gi nh lng c th.

-

47


CHNG 4 BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

48


4.1 4.1.1

I VI CC TC NG XU Cc bin php hn ch cc tc ng c hi trong giai on thi cng xy dng

4.1.1.1 Gim thiu cc tc ng gy nhim mi trng khng kh a. Bi v kh thi Bi c hn ch bng cch phun nc nhng khu vc t, cat, a va ni co mt xe vn chuyn cao,... Vao mua kh, khi co gio manh thng xuyn phun nc lm gim lng bi do gi bc ln. Khu vc cng trng, kho cha vt liu xy dng c che chn bng tng tam (bng g, van hoc tn). Xe chuyn ch trc khi ra khi cng trng c ph bt kn, xt nc ra t ct bm v, thn nhm trnh pht sinh bi, b st li t ct trn ng vn chuyn. Lp k hoch thi cng hp l rt ngn thi gian thi cng: + p dng bin php thi cng cun chiu: thi cng cc hng mc chnh nh ng giao thng, tuyn cng cp - thot nc, tuyn in v thng tin lin lc, trng cy xanh v thm c p dng trnh t thi cng hp l gia cc hng mc cng trnh c bn trc sau bo m rt gn thi gian thi cng, an ton giao thng v hn ch cc tc ng c hi do bi, kh thi, ng, ngp ng, snh ly, ... trn cng trng

+

b.

Dng xng du t tiu chun v thc hin tt vic bo tr bo dng cho phng tin vn chuyn v my mc thit b thi cng. p dng cc thit b thi cng tin tin Trnh vic hot ng cng mt lc nhiu phng tin vn chuyn, thit b thi cng

Ting n Trong khi thi cng, cc phng tin my mc gy ting n phi t c ly hp l trnh nh hng nhiu n ngi dn xung quanh. Theo quy nh nh sau: Ap dung cac bin phap thi cng tin tin, c gii hoa cac thao tac va qua trinh thi cng mc ti a nhm hn ch ting n, rung ng. Xy dng k hoch thi cng hp l, trnh thi cng vo cc gi nhy cm nhng du gi sng, bui tra, cui gi chiu. Trang b nt tai cho nhng cng nhn lm vic trc tip vi ngun n, cch ly ngun n. S dung cac loai may moc thit bi it gy n Thc hin tt vic bo tr, bo dng my mc, vn hnh ng k thut. Thc hin bin phap vy kin khu vc d an ang thi cng xy dng 49


-

Cc loi my mc nh gu xc, my ko, my i, xe ti,c th gy ra ting n l 90 dBA khong cch 15 m. Nu cc my hot ng cng lc th n tng ln t 95 98 dBA. Vi th cn phai phn b thi gian hoat ng cho cac loai may moc, han ch n mc thp nht cac loai may moc nay hoat ng cung luc Thc hin k hoach thi cng hp ly.

-

4.1.1.2 Gim thiu cc tc ng do nc thi Nc thai sinh hoat: Nh thu xy dng s trang b nh v sinh lu ng cho cng nhn tham gia thi cng D n, ng thi s- thu hi khi kt thc giai on ny. i vi nc thi do hot ng ra xe chuyn ch vt liu xy dng, nh thu s xy dng h lng ct tch t ct ra khi nc thi trc khi x vo h thng cng thot nc. 4.1.1.3 Gim thiu cc tc ng do cht thi rn a. Cht thi rn sinh hot Giam thiu nhim do cht thai rn sinh hoat bng cac bin phap quan ly nh sau: Khng t chc bp n tp th ti cng trng nhm kim sot v sinh an ton thc phm. Rc sinh hot c thu gom bng cc thng cha rc c np y v c vn chuyn x l ng qui nh bi Cng ty c chc nng. Thng xuyn nhc nh cng nhn khng c vt rc ba bi, gi gn v sinh chung.

b.

Cht thi rn xy dng Cc loi gch, ct, , b tng vn cc cn tha li. Cc loi ny c vn chuyn x l ng qui nh bi Cng ty c chc nng. Xa bn c vn chuyn trong ngay, tranh un tc va tn ong trn cng trng lam ri vai va tc nghen dong chay

-

c.

Du m thi gim thiu ngun nhim ny, Ch u t ngh nh thu xy dng thc hin cc qui nh sau: Gim thiu ti a vic sa cha, bo dng phng tin vn chuyn, my mc thit b thi cng ngay ti d n. V tr t my mc thit b c b tng ha v c rnh thu gom du nht thi t qu trnh duy tu, sa cha.

50


-

Sau khi thu gom, du nht thi c t ti v tr thch hp v c vn chuyn x l bi Cng ty c chc nng theo ng qui nh hin hnh

4.1.1.4 Gim thiu cc vn x hi gim thiu tnh trng gy mt trt t trong khu vc n, Ch u t s thc hin cc phng php sau: u tin s dng lc lng lao ng ti a phng khi c y cc iu kin yu cu. Ph bin phong tc tp qun cho cc cng nhn nhp c tham gia xy dng d n. Kt hp vi chnh quyn a phng qun l cc cng nhn nhp c tham gia xy dng d n.

4.1.2

Cc bin php hn ch cc tc ng c hi trong giai on hot ng ca d n

4.1.2.1 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh a. i vi mi trng khng kh xung quanh Cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh bao gm: kh thi t phng tin giao thng; kh thi, mi t vic tp trung cht thi rn v mi pht sinh t h thng thot nc. Tuy nhin, nh phn tch v nh gi trong Chng 3, cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh k trn l khng ng k. V vy, phn ny ch xut mt s bin php chung gp phn to mi trng khng kh trong khu vc d n trong lnh hn, c th nh sau: Tin hnh trng cc loi cy xanh thch hp dc cc tuyn ng ni b nhm to cnh quan khu vc ng thi ci thin mi trng khng kh xung quanh. Cc thng cha rc m bo c np y kn v t trong khu vc c mi che, hn ch vic b t do nc ma. Thu gom ton b lng cht thi rn pht sinh, khng cht thi rn tn ng trong ngy. Cc thng cha cht thi rn ch vn chuyn ra khi khu vc d n s c b tr ti khu vc cui hng gi v c trang b np y; nh k duy tu, no vt cc ng cng thot nc ma cng nh nc thi sinh hot trong khu dn c nhm gim thiu lng khng kh pht sinh t h thng thot nc gy nhim mi trng. b. i vi kh thi t my pht in Kh thi t qu trnh vn hnh my pht in l mt ngun thi cn quan tm. Vi nhin liu s dng l du DO (mt loi nhin liu tng i tt v sch) v tnh cht hot ng hn hu (do ch mang tnh d phng) nn phng n pht tn kh thi qua ng khi l hiu qu v hp l, khng gy nh hng ng k n cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh. Vic lp t ng khi pht tn hiu qu kh thi my pht in s c tin hnh ng thi trong thi gian thi cng, b tr ng b trong h thng ng thng gi 51


ca cc cng trnh n v. ng khi s c thng ln mi chiu cao ng khi d kin vt mi 5m. V th, cht nhim s c thi gian khuch tn v bin i sang cc cht khc t nhim hn trong khng kh t lm gim tc hi ca cht nhim n mi trng v sc khe ngi dn quanh khu vc d n Mc d vy, c th lin tc kim sot hin trng cht lng mi trng xung quanh v mc nh hng ca qu trnh t nhin liu n mi trng, mt s bin php h tr cng s c lu tm thc hin, c th nh sau: Thng xuyn gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh v kh thi ng khi. Thng xuyn kim sot cht lng du t, bo tr my mc thit b thng xuyn. Kim sot ch t m bo cc thng s v thi gian lu, nhit t, oxy d... nhm hn ch ti a cc loi kh thi c hi ra mi trng. c. i vi mi trng khng kh khu vc sn xut Nh theo trnh by chng 3, quy trnh sn xut ch d n nh my dch truyn khng gy ra nhim mi trng khng kh ng k. Nhng cho mi trng lao ng cng nh mi trng khu cng nghip c hon thin tt hn, ch d n s quan tm n vn m bo cc iu kin vi kh hu thun li trong mi trng lao ng ca cng nhn. Ch u t s p dng cc bin php ch yu nh sau: B tr hp l chiu cao nh xng, cc ca mi thng gi t nhin tt, b tr hng nh hp l nhm s dng ti a kh nng thng gi t nhin (Bin php thng gi ch yu dng cho phn xng sn xut ti y khoa, cn phn xng sn xut dch truyn l mi trng kn, m bo tnh v trng) Trang b h thng iu ha, lm mt khng kh trong phn xng sn xut dch truyn khi c nhu cu cn thit d. Bin php gim thiu tc ng ca ting n Ting n do hot ng sn xut trong khu vc ca d n Nh my sn xut dch truyn khng ln do cc my mc sn xut c b tr chuyn dng, c ch to tng i ng b. Tuy nhin ch d n s c nhng bin php gim thiu ting n nhm tng cng hiu qu lm vic ca cng nhn v m bo iu kin sc khe lm vic cho cng nhn lu di, c th nh sau: Gim ting n cc my mc thit b bng cch tng xuyn duy tr ch duy tu bo dng, bi trn cc c cu tip xc quay Bin php xy phng kn cng l mt gii php chng n tt. Ngi cng nhn khi vn hnh my mc, thit b ng thao tc v quan st my ngoi phng kn v ch khi tht cn thit mi vo phng t my, hn ch s tip xc vi nhim ca ting n do thit b, my sn xut to ra

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i vi ting n do hot ng ca my pht in d phng ch d n s c bin php kim sot v s thc hin ngay khi bt u lp t my pht in + + + + + B tr my pht in, my iu ha trung tm trong bung cch m khu k thut; Vic lp ng c my pht phi chnh xc v trc tip ni bng khp ni na nm, loi c chp thun; My pht in s c t trn b bng khung thp hnh ch U chc chn v thit k kp cht thch hp chu c rung ng v va p; Khi t my pht in s b tr cc l xo loi b vic truyn rung ng v m thanh vo kt cu cng trnh Vic gn l xo s l loi phc hi trng thi nn v n nh cc bn, c gi v hon thin vi tm ma st cch m bng cao su 6 mm gia mng v vt . Mi l xo phi l loi l xo nh mc, l xo phi c mt khong di chuyn cng thm ti thiu ti phn cng bng 50 % gi tr khong co gin v khong co gin tnh ca l xo phi l 25 mm; Ch u t s trang b cng vic gim n trn my pht in m bo rng n khng vt qu 105 dB (A) khong cch so vi my pht l 1m; Cn kim tra mn chi tit theo nh k v thng xuyn bi trn hoc thay th nhng chi tit h hng. Vic ny s gim ng k tin n, rung pht ra t my pht in;

+ +

Ngoi nhng bin php gim n nh nu th my pht in cng phi t chun v ng c (ng c diesel bn th) v cc thit b ca ng c. Nhm khc phc ting n v rung pht sinh t my pht in d phng. 4.1.2.2 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nc a. Phn loi nc thi Ty theo tnh cht, c th v mc nhim ca tng ngun, nc thi ca d n c phn thnh 03 nhm sau y: Nhm th nht: Nc thi qui c sch Nhm ny bao gm ton b lng nc ma ri trn mt bng khun vin d n v nc x t cc my iu ha khng kh. Loi nc thi ny theo nguyn tc c th x thng vo h thng cng thot nc, khng cn qua x l; Nhm th hai: Nc thi sinh hot Nhm ny bao gm tt c cc loi nc thi sinh hot, bao gm nc thi t cc khu nh v sinh v cng tin. c tnh nhim bn chung ca nhm nc thi ny l cha nhiu cn b, cc cht hu c ha tan, cc cht dinh dng v c bit l cc vi trng gy bnh vi cc ch tiu nhim.

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Nhm nc thi ny s c x l cc b bng b t hoi. Nhm th hai: Nc thi sn xut Nhm nc ny ch yu cha cn l lng t qu trnh ty ra ti y khoa, mt lng nh cc hp cht ng, m, mui v c t qu trnh sn xut dch truyn. Nc thi sinh hot v sn xut s c tp trung vo mt ch, khi Cng ty Birkmaier Project GmbH (c) s chu trch nhim x l nc thi t tiu chun theo yu cu ca Khu Cng Nghip trc khi nc thi c dn v h thng x l nc thi chung ca KCN. b. H thng thot nc Theo phng n xy dng d n th h thng thot nc cng cng c thit k theo gii php thot nc ring cho nc ma v nc sinh hot, sau ton b nc thi sau h thng x l tp trung ca d n s c u ni vo h thng thot nc ca ton KCN Sui Du. c. Cc cng trnh x l nc thi X l cc b nc thi sinh hot

m bo h thng thot nc bn lm vic n nh v gim thp nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot, tt c nc thi sinh hot t cc cng trnh n v trong d n u c x l cc b t yu cu cn thit trc khi x vo h thng x l nc thi ca d n. Nguyn tc hot ng ca cc cng trnh x l cc b ny l nhm vo mc ch lng cn v phn hy cn lng hu c. B t hoi 3 ngn s c xy dng trn tng h dn c trong d n hay xy dng tp trung cho cng trnh cng cng. B t hoi 3 ngn, trong c mt ngn lc c gii thiu hnh v di y. Nguyn tc hot ng ca b ny l lng cn v phn hy k kh cn lng. Hiu qu x l theo cht l lng t 65 - 70% v theo BOD5 l 60 - 65%. Thi gian lu nc trong b l 1-2 ngy. Bng 4.1 Hiu qu x l nc thi sinh hot trong b t hoiHm lng bn ban u 250 350 200 300 Hm lng bn sau x l 100 140 70 105 QCVN 14 (ct B) 50 100 Hiu qu x l, % 60 65

Cc ch tiu nhim c trng Nhu cu oxy sinh hc (BOD5), mg/l NcCht l lng (SS), mg/l vo

Nc ra

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Hnh 4.1

S cu to b t hoi 3 ngn c ngn lc

X ly nc thai tp trung

Tng lng nc thi pht sinh t hot ng ca d n nh my dch truyn c tnh l 28,8 m3/ngy.m. D n c thit k, xy dng, lp t v chuyn giao cng ngh theo hnh thc cha kha trao tay t Cng ty Birkmaier Project GmbH (c). Nn vic x ly nc Cng ty Birkmaier cung se chiu trach nhim thc hin. X ly nc chu yu bng phng phap hoa ly va vi sinh nhm at tiu chun 5945-2005 (loi B) do Khu Cng Nghip yu cu.

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4.1.2.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn S nguyn l h thng thu gom cht thi rn ca d n c th hin trong hnh 4.3

CTR t cc phn xng sn xut

CTR sinh hot

Cht thi nguy hi

Thu gom, lu gi ti khu vc tp trung cht thi rn Hp ng vi n v chc nng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l theo quy nh

Hp ng vi Ban qun l KCN Sui Du thu gom v x l

Hnh 4.2 S nguyn l h thng thu gom cht thi rn Trong : Cht thi rn sinh hot Cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh t tt c cc khu vc vn phng, cng tin c nhn vin ph trch tp v thu gom mi ngy v chuyn n khu vc tp trung cht thi rn ca d n. Ch d n s trang b cc thng rc loi 240 l, c np y cha rc thi sinh hot v hp ng vi Ban qun l KCN Sui Du n thu gom mi ngy. Cht thi rn sn xut Cht thi rn sn xut s c thu gom sau mi ca sn xut, chuyn n khu vc tp trung cht thi rn v c cha trong cc thng rc loi 660l chuyn dng cho cht thi cng nghip. Sau s c Ban qun l KCN Sui Du n thu gom vn chuyn i x l theo hp ng. Cht thi rn nguy hi

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Cht thi nguy hi t qu trnh kim nghim sn phm ch yu dng lng s c thu gom li trong cc thng cha, khng r r, tht thot ra ngoi, sau s c tp trung vo mt ch v hp ng vi n v chc nng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l theo quy nh. Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut nh n hunh quang, d lau du nhim m, pin, c quycng c thu gom, tp trung li mt ch v hp ng vi n v chc nng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l theo quy nh.

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4.2 4.2.1

I VI CC S C MI TRNG Hn ch xy ra tai nn lao ng Tai nn lao ng l ri ro c th xy ra bt c mi trng nh my sn xut, chnh v th ch d n s c k hoch cng nh thc hin cc bin php nhm trnh cc tai nn lao ng ng tic, c th nh sau: - Hun luyn, o to k cn b cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh my v cc quy ch quy nh trong an ton lao ng, c bit l hng dn thao tc vn hnh my ng cch cho cng nhn tham gia sn xut trc tip - Trang b phng tin an ton lao ng cho cng nhn nh m, qun o bo h lao ng - Cc thit b in s c h thng ni t an ton cho ngi s dng - Kim tra sc khe nh k nhm pht hin v hn ch bnh tt cho cn b cng nhn vin

4.2.2

Phng chng s c chy n trnh cc s c chy n gy ra thit hi v ngi v ca cho nh my, ch d n ch trng s thc hin cc bin php sau: - Loi tr mi kh nng pht sinh ra mi la ti nhng ni sn xut, nh kho cha nguyn vt liu v sn phm. - Lp t h thng bo chy t ng, cc h thng cp nc cho cng tc c

nha may sx dich truyen-finish2

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