nghiên cứu đặc điểm thực vật và thành phần hóa học của lá sa kê.pdf

B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

NGUYN TH THU AN

NGHIN CU C IM THC VT

V THNH PHN HA HC

CA L SA K

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

H NI - 2014

B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

NGUYN TH THU AN

NGHIN CU C IM THC VT

V THNH PHN HA HC

CA L SA K

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

Ngi hng dn:

1. PGS.TS. Nguyn Thi An

2. Ths. Hong Thi Ha

Ni thc hin:

B mn Dc liu - i hc Dc H Ni

H NI - 2014

LI CM N

Trong qu trnh thc hin v hon thnh kha lun ny, ti nhn

c rt nhiu s quan tm, ng vin v gip tn tnh t cc thy c, gia

nh v bn b. Nhn dp ny, ti xin by t s knh trng v lng bit n su

sc n:

PGS.TS. Nguyn Thi An

ngi thy trc tip hng dn, ch bo tn tnh v to mi iu kin thun

li ti c th hon thnh kha lun.

ng thi ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n: Ths. Hong Thi

Ha cho ti nhng ng gp qu bu v ti.

Ti xin gi li cm n n cc thy c, cc anh ch k thut vin B

mn Dc liu - Trng i hc Dc H Ni, Vin Sinh thi & Ti nguyn

sinh vt Vin Hn lm khoa hc & Cng ngh Vit Nam h tr ti trong

qu trnh nghin cu.

Xin trn trng cm n Ban Gim hiu, Phng o to, cng ton th

cc thy c gio, cc cn b Trng i hc Dc H Ni to iu kin

ti c th lnh hi nhng kin thc qu gi v ngnh Dc trong sut 5 nm

hc.

Cui cng, ti xin gi li cm n su sc n gia nh, bn b lun

st cnh, ng vin ti hon thnh kha lun ny.

H Ni, ngy 14 thng 05 nm 2014

Sinh vin

Nguyn Th Thu An

MC LC

DANH MC CH VIT TT

DANH MC BNG

DANH MC HNH

T VN ..1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN3

1.1. V TR PHN LOI, C IM THC VT, PHN B...3

1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst3

1.1.2. c im thc vt ca h Du tm (Moraceae).3

1.1.3. c im thc vt ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst...4

1.1.4. c im thc vt ca mt s loi thuc chi Artocarpus J. R.

Forst. & G. Forst...4

1.1.5. c im thc vt ca loi Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Sa k.......6

1.1.6. Phn b ca Sa k...6

1.1.7. B phn dng ca Sa k..7

1.2. THNH PHN HA HC CA SA K.....7

1.2.1. Qu..7

1.2.2. L8

1.2.3. R9

1.2.4. Thn..10

1.3. TC DNG DC L CA SA K....11

1.3.1. Tc dng chng oxy ha...11

1.3.2. Tc dng chng ung th11

1.3.3. Tc dng chng vim12

1.3.4. Tc dng chng x va ng mch..13

1.3.5. Tc dng h ng huyt.13

1.3.6. Tc dng khng khun.14

1.3.7. Tc dng c ch men chuyn angiotensin (ACE)14

1.4. TNH V, CNG NNG CA SA K...14

1.5. CNG DNG CA SA K15

CHNG 2: NGUYN LIU, THIT B, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP

NGHIN CU16

2.1. NGUYN VT LIU, THIT B NGHIN CU.16

2.1.1. Nguyn vt liu nghin cu..16

2.1.2. Thit b nghin cu...16

2.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU16

2.2.1. Nghin cu v thc vt.17

2.2.2. Nghin cu v ha hc..17

2.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU17

2.3.1. Nghin cu v thc vt..17

2.3.2. Nghin cu v ha hc..17

CHNG 3: THC NGHIM V KT QU.19

3.1. NGHIN CU V THC VT.19

3.1.1. M t hnh thi cy19

3.1.2. Gim nh tn khoa hc.19

3.1.3. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi...21

3.1.4. c im vi phu l...22

3.1.5. c im vi phu thn...22

3.1.6. c im bt l..24

3.1.7. c im bt thn..24

3.2. NGHIN CU V HA HC24

3.2.1. Chit xut..24

3.2.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng

phn ng ha hc27

3.2.3. nh tnh cn ton phn bng sc k lp mng34

3.2.4. nh tnh cn cc phn on.....37

BN LUN47

KT LUN.50

XUT51

TI LIU THAM KHO

PH LC

DANH MC CH VIT TT

Ch vit tt Ch vit y

ACE Men chuyn angiotensin

AST nh sng thng

C Chloroform

dd Dung dch

dm Dung mi

E Ethylacetat

fMLP formyl-Met-Leu-Phe

H n-hexan

MeOH methanol

P/ Phn ng

Rf H s di chuyn

SKLM Sc k lp mng

TP Ton phn

TT Thuc th

UV254nm nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm

UV365nm nh sng t ngoi bc sng 365nm

DANH MC BNG

Bng Tn bng Trang

Bng 3.1 Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v mt s c im

hnh thi 21

Bng 3.2 Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht trong l Sa k 33

Bng 3.3 Kt qu nh tnh cn ton phn bng SKLM 35

Bng 3.4 Kt qu nh cn H, C, E bng phn ng ha hc 37

Bng 3.5 Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on n-hexan bng SKLM 39

Bng 3.6 Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on chloroform bng

SKLM 41

Bng 3.7 Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on ethylacetat bng

SKLM 44

DANH MC HNH

Hnh Tn hnh Trang

Hnh 3.1 nh cy Sa k 20

Hnh 3.2 nh u ngn cnh Sa k 20

Hnh 1.3 nh tn l Sa k 20

Hnh 1.4 nh l Sa k 20

Hnh 1.5 nh hoa c Sa k 20

Hnh 1.6 nh qu Sa k 20

Hnh 1.7 nh l Sa k 21

Hnh 3.8 nh l Mt ni 21

Hnh 3.9 nh qu Sa k 21

Hnh 3.10 nh qu Mt ni 21

Hnh 3.11 nh vi phu l cy Sa k 23

Hnh 3.12 nh vi phu thn cy Sa k 23

Hnh 3.13 nh mt s c im bt l cy Sa k 25

Hnh 3.14 nh mt s c im bt thn cy Sa k 25

Hnh 3.15 S chit xut cn ton phn v cc cn phn on t

l Sa k 26

Hnh 3.16 Sc k ca cn ton phn khai trin vi h dm s III 34

Hnh 3.17 Sc k ca cn H khai trin vi h dm s III 38

Hnh 3.18 Sc k ca cn C khai trin vi h dm s IV 41

Hnh 3.19 Sc k ca cn E khai trin vi h dm s IV 44

1

T VN

Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca tng hp ha dc, cng tc nghin

cu, pht trin thuc v sn phm thin nhin mi c ngun gc cy c ang

l vn thu ht s quan tm ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii.

Nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma, vi iu kin t nhin a

dng, Vit Nam l mt trong nhng quc gia trn th gii c mc a dng

sinh hc cao vi hn 12.000 loi thc vt khc nhau. c bit trong c gn

3.900 loi thc vt bc cao cng nh bc thp c cc cng ng dn tc s

dng trong chm sc sc khe, phng v tr bnh [6]. Tuy nhin phn ln

ngun ti nguyn ny c s dng theo kinh nghim dn gian hoc theo Y

hc c truyn m cha c nghin cu y .

Cy Sa k l loi cy quen thuc min Nam Vit Nam, c ngun gc

t cc o pha nam Thi Bnh Dng, chu i Dng. Qu ca cy Sa k

c s dng ph bin lm thc phm vi nhiu cch ch bin khc nhau [8],

[9], [19].

Nuven Caledoni, r cy c dng tr hen v cc ri lon d dy

rut, mt s ri lon khi mang thai, au rng ming v tr bnh v da.

Papua Niu-Guinea, v cy c dng tr gh, nha cy c dng pha long

ung tr tiu chy v l [8], [9], [19].

nc ta, dn gian dng l cha ph thng, hoc dng ngoi cha

mn rp, inh nht, p xe [19]. L gi sc h huyt p, tr tiu chy, i

ng [15].

Hin nay, l Sa k ang c cng ng tm kim v s dng iu tr

nhiu bnh m cha c nghin cu k. V vy, chng ti tin hnh thc

hin ti Nghin cu c im thc vt v thnh phn ha hc ca l

Sa k vi nhng mc tiu sau:

1. Nghin cu c im thc vt ca cy Sa k.

2

2. Nghin cu v thnh phn ha hc ca l Sa k.

thc hin c mc tiu ra, ti c tin hnh vi cc ni

dung sau:

1. Gim nh tn khoa hc mu nghin cu.

2. Nghin cu c im thc vt ca cy Sa k: M t c im hnh thi

cy Sa k, phn bit cy Sa k v cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi; c im

vi phu l, thn cy Sa k; c im bt l, bt thn cy Sa k.

3. Nghin cu thnh phn ha hc ca cy Sa k: nh tnh cc nhm

cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng phn ng ha hc v bng sc k

lp mng i vi cn ton phn v cn cc phn on ca l Sa k.

3

Chng 1

TNG QUAN

1.1. V TR PHN LOI, C IM THC VT, PHN B

1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.

Theo h thng phn loi ca Takhtajan, chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. &

G. Forst. nm trong tng Mt (Artocarpeae) [4], h Du tm (Moraceae), b

Gai (Urticales), lin b Gai (Urticanae), phn lp S (Dilleniidae), lp Ngc

lan (Magnoliopsida), ngnh Ngc lan (Magnoliophyta) [4], [10]. V tr ca chi

Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. trong h thng phn loi thc vt ca

Takhtajan c tm tt nh sau:

Ngnh Magnoliophyta

Lp Magnoliopsida

Phn lp Dilleniidae

Lin b Urticanae

B Urticales

H Moraceae

Tng Artocarpeae

Chi Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1.1.2. c im thc vt ca h Du tm (Moraceae)

Cy g hay cy bi, t khi l cy c, dy leo. C khi c r ph. Cc b

phn c nha m trng [4], [6], [9], [18].

L n, mc so le. C l km bc ly chi, rng sm v li so dng

nhn trn thn hoc l hai l km rng sm li hai vt so trn thn [4], [6],

[11], [18].

Hoa thng nh, n tnh cng gc hay khc gc hp thnh cm hoa

chm, bng, tn, u hoc cc hoa ci ph ton b mt trong ca mt cm

hoa lm hnh qu gioi [4], [6], [7]. Hoa c c 4 l i, khng c cnh hoa, 4

4

nh ng i din vi l i. B nhy ca hoa ci c 4 l non, bu trn hoc

di 1 , ng 1 non. Qu kp [4], [6]. Ht thng c ni nh bt [7].

1.1.3. c im thc vt ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. [9]

Cy g cao 15-20m. L mc so le, nguyn hay chia thy.

Hoa cng gc, cc hoa c xp thnh bng ui sc, cc hoa ci tp

hp trn mt hoa li. i ca hoa c gm 2 hay 4 phin. Mt nh c ch

nh gia, vi bao phn 2 m bi 2 k nt. Bao hoa ci dnh lin, c l

nh v c bu khng cung gc, ban u c 3 , sau ch cn 1 .

Qu tht, tc l bu chn, l mt qu b nhng tng th tt c cc

qu b ny c bao trong mt cht bt ca hoa, to thnh mt qu t.

1.1.4. c im thc vt ca mt s loi thuc chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst.

& G. Forst.

1.1.4.1. A.camansi Blanco [32]

Cy g ln, cao ti 10-20m, thn chnh cao ti 5m trc khi chia

nhnh, ng knh thn trn 1m. C m trng tt c cc phn ca cy.

L mc so le, di 40-60cm, rng 25-45cm. L chia thy nng vi 4-6

cp thy. Phin l mng, mu xanh sm, ph nhiu lng t. Gn l c nhiu

lng cng mu trng hoc . Hai l km mu xanh l mc ng li nh n,

chuyn sang mu vng trc khi rng.

Hoa n tnh cng gc, mc u cnh, vi cm hoa c xut hin

trc. Cm hoa c hnh ui sc c ng knh 3cm, di 25-35cm. Cm hoa

ci hnh cu. Qu kp, hnh trn hoc hnh trng, kch thc 13-20 x 7-12cm,

v mu xanh lc, gn chn c mu vng xanh, c gai nhn di khong 5-

15mm. Tht qu xp, mu trng hi vng, c mi thm khi chn. Qu c rt

nhiu ht, c th ln ti 150 ht, chim khong 30-50% khi lng qu. Ht

gn trn hoc gn tr, di khong 2,5cm, c v mng mu nu vi gn en

[32].

5

1.1.4.2. A.rigidus Blume Mt ni, Da xp

Cy g ln cao 10-25cm, dng nh mt cy du, cnh non c lng cng

vng [8], [9], [14], sau nhn, mu xm [9].

L n nguyn, mc so le; hnh elip hoc hnh trng ngc, kch thc

6,5-26 x 3,5-15cm [9], [32]; gn l lng chim, li mt di [32]; c phin l

cng, gin, nhm mt trn do c nhiu lng cng [8], [9], [14], mt di c

lng t mm, cung l di 6-12mm, c lng rp vng [9]. L km 1cm [8],

[14], mu vng bng, hnh tam gic, sm rng [9].

Cm hoa c ngn nhnh, trn hay trn di c 1cm [8], [9], [14],

khng c cung chung, mang nhiu hoa ph lng t, bao hoa hnh ng chia 2

thy [9]. Cm hoa ci trn, ng knh 2,5cm [8], [9], [14], khng cung,

mc u cnh, bao hoa hnh ng, c lng cng, bu c vi hnh si, n su

trong bao hoa [9]. Qu to, ng knh 7cm [8], [14]; c gai sc nhn di 7-

9mm [9], [32]; mi qu khi chn mu vng, mi thm, v chua ngt [9], [32];

ht to, kch thc 12 x 8mm [8], [14].

1.1.4.3. A.melinoxyla Gagn. - Mt g mt, Mt ni l nhn

Cy g cao 9-15m, cnh non c lng t vng, sau nhn [9], [14].

L hnh bu dc, gc l trn, u l thun t, di 20-30 cm, c lng t

gn, gn ph 10-12 cp, cung di 2cm, c lng t vng [9], [14]. L km di

5-6cm, c lng vng, nhn u, sm rng [9].

Cm hoa c hnh bu dc, di 2cm; bao hoa hnh lc lc, tiu nhy 1

[9], [14], l bc hnh khin [9]. Cm hoa ci hnh cu, bao hoa hnh ng chia

thy, bu c vi hnh si, n su trong bao hoa [9]. Qu trn, ng knh

7cm, c gai t, thp, ht c kch thc 15 x 10mm [9], [14].

6

1.1.5. c im thc vt ca loi Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Sa k

Tn khoa hc: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, h Du tm

(Moraceae) [19].

Tn ng ngha: Artocarpus communis J. R. Forster & G. Forster [19],

Artocarpus incisa L. f. [13].

Tn nc ngoi: Breadfruit (Anh); A Pain (Php) [19].

Tn Vit Nam khc: Xa k, Bnh m [19].

Sa k l cy g ln, c nha m trng, c thn to, cao n 12-15m [8],

[9], [13], [14], [19]. Cc nhnh v cc thn non hi khc khuu, c v mu

nu, ph nhiu lng trng [9]. Thn cy c ng knh khong 90cm [13].

L mc so le, c l km, rt rng, hnh tri xoan, thun, ph nhiu lng

rp [8], [9], [13], [14], [19]. L thng nguyn lc non, sau x lng chim

v x su thnh nhng on thun nhn, mu lc m mt trn, di t 80cm

n 1m v rng ti 50cm, cung l thng ngn [19]. L km mau rng di

12-13cm [8], [9], [14].

Cm hoa c c hnh chy v ch c mt nh [8], [9], [13]. Cng c khi

hoa c t hp nom nh ui con sc di ti 20cm [9], [13]. Cm hoa ci

hnh cu, c khi hnh ng. Qu kp rt to, gn nh trn hoc hi hnh trng,

c ng knh 12-20cm, v mu xanh lc nht hay vng nht, c gai, tht qu

rt nc v trng, cha nhiu bt [8], [15], [9], [13], [19]. Qu mc thnh chm

vi ba qu khng c ht nhng cng c qu c ht chm ngp trong tht qu

[13]. Ht c ng knh 1cm [8], [9], [14], mu vng nht [19].

1.1.6. Phn b ca Sa k

Sa k c ngun gc t cc o pha nam Thi Bnh Dng, chu i

Dng [8], [9], [13], [19]. Hin di thc vo cc o Giava, Sumatra

7

(Indonexia), Malayxia, cc vng ng Nam . Cy cng c trng mt

s nc nhit i chu Phi [13].

nc ta, Sa k c trng ph bin ti cc tnh pha nam, trong cc

vn, cng vin,[8], [9], [13].

1.1.7. B phn dng ca Sa k

Qu chn c dng nh thc phm [9] hay qu cha chn thi thnh

lt, sau phi hoc sy kh [13].

V thn, r, nha v l c s dng nhiu lm thuc [8], [9].

1.2. THNH PHN HA HC CA SA K

1.2.1. Qu

Trong bt qu Sa k c 2-3 hoc 6% nc; 3,2% mui v c; 0,2-

1,17% cht bo; 1,1-4,09% cht m; 64-85% tinh bt, ng, dextrin; 2-3%

tro [13]. Ngoi ra, trong 100g cha 18-32mg Ca; 52-88 mg P; 0,4-1,5mg

st; 26-40 n v quc t vitamin A; 0,10-0,14mg thiamin; 0,05-0,08mg

riboflavin; 0,7-1,5mg niacin v 17-35mg vitamin C [19].

Bng k thut HPLC, Golden KD v Williams OJ xc nh c cc

acid bo v acid amin c trong qu Sa k gm:

- Acid bo: acid caproic, acid capric, acid lauric, acid myristic, acid

linolenic, acid palmitic, acid oleic, acid linoleic, acid stearic, acid arachidic,

acid behenic v acid petroselinic.

- Acid amin: acid aspartic, acid glutamic, hydroxyprolin, serin, glycin,

histidin, arginin, threonin, alanin, prolin, tyrosin, valin, methionin, isoleucin,

leucin, phenylalanin, lysin, norleucin [28].

T cao n-hexan ca qu Sa k, Nguyn Trung Nhn v cng s phn

lp c 4 hp cht: 2-formyl-5-hydroxymetylfural, acid galic, 5-hydroxy-

7,4-dimetoxyflavon v epifriedelanol. Cu trc cc hp cht c xc nh

8

bi cc d liu ph 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR v so snh vi ti liu tham kho

[17].

Mt s flavonoid cng c phn lp t dch chit methanol qu Sa k

gm: 8-geranyl-3,4,7-trihydroxy avon; arcommunol A; arcommunol B;

lespeol; santhoangelol; 3-geranyl-2,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy chalcon; 8-geranyl-

4,5,7-trihydroxy avon [26].

T dch chit ethylacetat v methanol qu Sa k, Amarasinghe NR v

cng s cn phn lp c 12 hp cht gm: oxyresveratrol; artoindonsianin

F; (3-methyl-2-butenyl)-(E)-2,3,4,5-stilbentetrol; norartocarpanon; moracin

M; norartocarpetin; isoartocarpesin; 2,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methyl-2-

butenyl)avon; 3-acetoxyolean-12-en-11-on; cycloartenyl acetate; sitosterol;

sitosterol -D-glucopyranosid [21].

1.2.2. L

Bng phng php GC-MS, Phm Th Thanh Hu xc nh c

cu trc ca mt s hp cht c trong dch chit ethanol l Sa k, gm: 2-

methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, cyclo hexen-2-on, megastigmatrienon, 4,4,7-

trimethyl-5, 6,7,7-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-2-on [15].

Nm 2011, Nguyn Hu Duy Khang phn lp c 8 hp cht t

dch chit chloroform ca l Sa k. Bng cc d liu ph 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,

1D, 2D-NMR, DEPT & MS v HR-ESI-MS, cu trc ca cc hp cht trn

c xc nh l: 1-(2,4-dihidroxy phenyl)-3-[2-(2,7-dimethyl-3-methylen

oct-6-enyl)-3,4-dihydroxy phenyl] propan-1-on (DK-1); 1-(2,4-dihydroxy

phenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy benzo furan-4-yl) propan-1-on (DK-2); C25H28O6 (DK-

3); 1-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl pent-3-

enyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-5-yl] propan-1-on (DK-4); 2-geranyl-2,3,4,4-

tetrahydroxy dihydrochalcon (DK-5); 1-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-3-[3,4-

dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl pent-3-enyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-

9

5-yl] propan-1-on (DK-6); 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxy flavon (DK-8);

cycloaltilisin 7 (DK-7). Trong DK-5, DK-8 l nhng hp cht ln u tin

c pht hin trong l Sa k; DK-1, DK-2 v DK-3 l nhng hp cht ln

u tin c cng b trn th gii [16].

Ba dn xut geranyl chalcon bao gm isolespeol; 5'-geranyl-2',4',4-

trihydroxy chalcon v 3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-geranyldihydro chalcon, cng

vi hai hp cht c bit n l lespeol v santhoangelol, c phn lp t

dch chit methanol l Sa k. Cc cu trc c nhn dng da vo ph

UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, v so snh vi th vin ph [27].

T dch chit ethylacetat l Sa k, Wang Y v cng s phn lp

c -sitosterol, v 6 flavonoid gm: 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxy avon;

cyclochampedol; 2-geranyl-2,3,4,4-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcon; 2,4,5-

trihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylavon; 2-geranyl-3,4,7-tirhydroxyavon v

1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H

-1-benzo pyran-5-yl]-1-propanon [43].

Nm 2012, Trn Thu Hng v cng s phn lp t dch chit

methanol l Sa k c mt prenylated auron: artocarpauron; hai prenylated

chalcon: 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-

pentenyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-5-yl] propan-1-on, 2-geranyl-2,3,4,4-tetra

hydroxy dihydrochalcon; ba prenylated avanon: cycloaltilisin 7, ()-

sophoraavanon A, 2-geranyl-3,4,7-trihydroxyavanon v ba triterpen: 3-

acetoxycycloart-25-en-24-on, 3-acetoxycycloart-25-methoxy-23-en, v 3-

acetoxy-urs-12-en-11-on [30].

1.2.3. R

Theo mt s ti liu, trong r c prenyl flavonoid gm: artocommunols

CA (4-O-methylcyclomorusin); artocommunols CB (5,2,4-trihydroxy-3-

geranyl-7,8-(2,2-dimethyl-6H-pyrano)-6-prenyl flavon); artocommunols CC;

10

artocommunols CD (5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-3-geranyl-8-prenylflavon) v

artocommunols CE (5,2,4-trihydroxy-7,8-(2,2-dimethyl-6H-pyrano)-3-(9-

hydroxy) prenyl flavon) [24]; cyclo geracommunin; artoavon A; artochamin

D; artochamin B; artomunoisoxanthon v dihydroartomunoxanthon [36];

artoindonsianin V; hydroxyartocarpin [39]; artocarpin; cycloartobiloxanthon;

cycloartocarpin A; morusin [23], [39]; chaplashin; cudraflavon B; artonin E;

cudraflavon C v artobiloxanthon [23].

T v r, Shieh WL v Lin CN phn lp c hai hp cht bit:

-sitosterol v cudraflavon A; este triterpenoid: acetate lupeol [40]; hai

pyranodihydrobenzoxanthon: artomunoxanthon [40], cycloartomunoxanthon

[33], mt dn xut quinonoid pyranobenzoxanthon: artomunosanthentrion

[40], bn pyrano flavonoid: cyclomulberrin, cyclocommunol, cyclocommunin

v dihydro isocyclo artomunin [35], hai prenyl flavonoid: dihydro cyclo

artomunin v cycloartomunin [33], mt dn xut ca pyrano dihydro benzo

xanthon epoxid: artomunoxanthotrion epoxy [34].

1.2.4. Thn

Ba prenylflavon mi: isocyclo morusin, isocyclo mulberrin, v cyclo

altilisin, cng vi ba flavonoid c bit n l cyclomorusin,

cyclomulberrin, v engeletin, c phn lp t thn cy. Cu trc ca cc

prenylflavon mi c xc nh bng cc d liu ph 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, so

snh vi cc hp cht c lin quan bit [25].

Mt chalcon prenylated mi, 3'',3''-dimethylpyrano-[3',4']-2,4,2'-

trihydroxychalcon c phn lp t dch chit methanol thn cy. Hai dn

xut flavonoid, (-) cycloartocarpin v (-) cudraflavon A cng c phn lp.

Ngoi ra, tm flavonoid c bit n, isobacachalcon, morachalcon A,

gemichalcons B v C, artocarpin, cudraflavon C, licoflavon, v (2S)

euchrenon-a7, cng c phn lp t dch chit thn cy ln u tin [29].

11

T dch chit ether li g cy Sa k, Shimizu K, Kondo R, v Sakai K

phn lp c mt stilben vi vng dimethylchromen: 3,2,4-trihydroxy-

6,6-dimethyl-pyrano-(3,2,4,5)-trans-stilben, c t tn l artocarben

[41].

1.3. TC DNG DC L CA SA K

1.3.1. Tc dng chng oxy ha

Hai prenylflavonoid mi, cyclogeracommunin (1) v artoflavon (2),

c phn lp t dch chit chloroform v r ca A.communis. Hp cht (2)

c kh nng thu dn cc gc 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl vi mc liu IC50

l 24,28 0,8M, trong khi hp cht (1) c tc dng c ch xanthin oxidase

vi mc liu IC50 l 73,3 19,1M [36].

1.3.2. Tc dng chng ung th

Chn prenylated flavon: cycloartocarpin, artocarpin, v chaplashin c

phn lp t dch chit dichloromethan thn r, cng vi morusin, cudraflavon

B, cycloartobiloxanthon, artonin E, cudraflavon C v artobiloxanthon c

phn lp t dch chit chloroform v r, c tc dng gy c va phi i vi

dng t bo KB (gy ung th vm hng ngi) mc liu IC50 ln lt l

5,5 1,1; 5,1 1,0; 13,4 0,4; 6,9 2,1; 7,9 1,8; 8,7 0,8; 9,8 0,6; 8,5

2,5; 9,3 1,6 (g/ml) v dng t bo BC (gy ung th v ngi) mc liu

IC50 ln lt l 3,1 0,1; 3,3 0,6; 5,5 0,05; 3,3 1,1; 5,2 0,4; 4,1

0,04; 4,1 0,04; 2,9 0,5; 4,9 0,2 (g/ml) [23].

Mt prenylated avonoid, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-

methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanon t dch

chit dichloromethan l cho thy kh nng gy c i vi t bo bch cu P-

388 chut vi mc liu IC50 l 6,7g/ml [37].

Ba geranyl dihydrochalcon c phn lp t phn on ethylacetat ca

dch chit methanol l gm: 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-hydroxy-6,6,9-

12

trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-5-yl}-1-propanon; 2-

[6-hydroxyl-3,7-dimethylocta-2(E),7-dienyl]-2,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy dihydro

chalcon v 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4-dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-

2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-5-yl]-1-propanon c kh nng gy

c i vi cc dng t bo gy ung th ngi: SPC-A-1 (t bo ung th

phi), SW-480 (t bo ung th rut kt) v SMMC-7721 (t bo ung th biu

m gan) [44].

Mt geranyl chalcon, isolespeol, c phn lp t phn on

dichloromethan trong dch chit methanol l cho thy kh nng c ch cao i

vi s pht trin ca t bo ung th m m SW 872 mc liu IC50 l

3,8mM. Nghin cu cho thy s tc ng ca isolespeol ln t bo SW 872 l

thng qua vic lm tng tc ng ca protein p53 mt protein nh hng

n s cht ca t bo [27].

Dch chit ethylacetat t g ca cy c kh nng gy c i vi t bo

ung th v ngi (T47D) ph thuc vo nng , vi dch chit IC50 l

6,19g/ml. Th trn in vitro, dch chit vi ch yu l artocarpin lm gim

kh nng sng ca t bo T47D bng cch gy ra ci cht t bo v hnh thnh

pha ph G [22].

1.3.3. Tc dng chng vim

Tc dng chng vim ca cc flavonoid c phn lp t A.communis

v A.heterophyllus, gm cycloartomunin (1), cyclomorusin (2),

dihydrocycloartomunin (3), dihydroisocycloartomunin (4), cudraflavon A (5),

cyclocommunin (6), artomunoxanthon (7), cycloheterohyllin (8), artonins A

(9) v B (10), artocarpanon (11), artocarpanon A (12), heteroflavanons A

(13), B (14) v C (15 ), c tin hnh th in vitro bng cch xc nh tc

dng c ch ca cc cht trn cc cht trung gian ha hc c gii phng t

t bo mast, bch cu trung tnh v i thc bo. Hp cht (4) c ch ng k

13

vic gii phng -glucuronidase v histamin t t bo mast chut khi b

kch thch bi P-methoxy-N- methylphenthylamin vi liu ID50 tng ng l

72,6 2,5M; 70,2 3,2M. Hp cht (11) c ch ng k vic gii phng

lysozyme t bch cu trung tnh chut khi b kch thch bi formyl-Met-

Leu-Phe (fMLP) vi liu ID50 46,5 5,1M. Cc hp cht (8), (10), v (11)

c ch ng k s hnh thnh anion superoxide trong bch cu trung tnh

chut khi b kch thch bi fMLP trong khi cc hp cht (2), (3), (5) v (6) li

kch thch qu trnh sn sinh anion superoxide. Hp cht (11) cho thy c tc

dng c ch ng k ln vic hnh thnh nitric oxide v hot ng ca protein

iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) trong i thc bo chut (dng t bo

RAW 264,7) b kch thch bi lipopolysaccharid [45].

Mt chalcon prenylated 3'',3''-dimethyl pyrano[3',4']2,4,2'-trihydroxy

chalcon v nm flavonoid gm isobacachalcon, morachalcon A, gemichalcon

B, artocarpin, (2S)-euchrenon a c phn lp t dch chit thn cy cho thy

hot ng c ch mnh s hnh thnh nitric oxide trong i thc bo chut

(dng t bo RAW 264,7) b kch thch bi lipopolysaccharid vi liu IC50 ln

lt l 18,8; 6,4; 16,4; 9,3; 18,7 v 12,3 M [29].

1.3.4. Tc dng chng x va ng mch

Dch chit ethylacetat l Sa k cho thy c tc dng bo v t bo i

vi dng t bo U937 ang bnh do LDL b oxi ha (OxLDL). Trong dch

chit ethylacetat phn lp c -sitosterol v 6 flavonoid cho thy c tc

dng bo v t bo U937 [43].

1.3.5. Tc dng h ng huyt

Ba auron c phn lp t dch chit methanol l Sa k, altilisin H, I,

v J cho thy c tc dng c ch -glucosidase vi mc liu IC50 ln lt l

4,9 0,1; 5,4 0,3; 5,1 0,1 M, mc liu thp hn nhiu so vi acarbose

(IC50=241,8M), l mt cht c ch -glucosidase c s dng trong iu tr

bnh tiu ng [38].

14

1.3.6. Tc dng khng khun

Dch chit methanol v cy v cc hp cht c phn lp: artonin E

(4) v 2-[(3,5-dihydroxy)-(Z)-4-(3-methyl but-1-enyl)phenyl]benzo furan-6-ol

(5) c th tc dng khng khun trn cc chng vi khun l: Providencia

stuartii, P.aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnumoniae, S.aureus, S.typhi, E.coli v

chng vi nm C.albicans. Kt qu cho thy c dch chit v hp cht 4, 5 u

c kh nng ngn cn s pht trin ca cc chng vi khun v vi nm th

nghim. Nng c ch ti thiu MIC ca dch chit l 64mg/ml i vi

S.aureus v E.coli. Nng c ch ti thiu MIC khong 32mg/ml cho cc

hp cht 4 v 5 trn P.aeruginosa v hp cht 5 trn E.coli. Tc dng c ch

ca hp cht 4, 5 i vi P.aeruginosa mnh hn chloramphenicol [31].

1.3.7. Tc dng c ch men chuyn angiotensin (ACE)

L Sa k c chit xut bng nhiu dung mi khc nhau, v em tin

hnh nghin cu kh nng c ch ACE. Trong s cc dch chit, dch chit

ethanol nng cho thy kh nng c ch ACE mnh vi mc liu IC50 l 54,08

0,29mg/ml, tip theo l dch chit ethylacetat lnh vi mc liu IC50 l

85,44 0,85mg/ml, dch chit nc nng cho thy kh nng c ch ACE km

vi mc liu IC50 l 765,52 11,97mg/ml. Phn tch thnh phn ha hc s

b cho thy c mi lin quan gia kh nng c ch ACE vi cc hp cht

glycosid v phenolic c nhiu trong dch chit [42].

1.4. TNH V, CNG NNG CA SA K

Theo ng y, r Sa k c tnh bnh, tr ho [8], [20]; v c tc dng st

trng; l c tc dng tiu vim, tiu c, li tiu [8], [19], [20].

Tht qu Sa k c tc dng b t, ch kh. Ht c tc dng b trung ch

kh, li trung tin [19].

15

1.5. CNG DNG CA SA K

Tht qu thng c dng n. Qu cn xanh c bt dng lm thc

phm, vi nhiu cch ch bin [8], [9], [19]. Ht luc hoc rang, n c tc

dng li trung tin, kch dc [19].

nc ta, dn gian dng l cha ph thng [8], [9], [19], hoc dng

ngoi cha mn rp, inh nht, p xe [19]. L gi sc h huyt p, tr tiu

chy, i ng [15].

Nuven Caledoni, r cy c dng tr hen, cc ri lon d dy rut,

mt s ri lon khi mang thai, au rng ming v tr bnh v da [8], [9], [19].

Papua Niu-Guinea, v cy c dng tr gh, nha cy c dng

pha long ung tr tiu chy v l [8], [9], [19].

Mt s bi thuc c l Sa k:

Tr bnh gout v si thn: 100g l Sa k ti, 100g da leo, 50g c

xc kh. Tt c nu nc ung trong ngy [20].

Tr tiu ng tup 2: 100g l Sa k ti, 100g tri u bp ti, 50g

l i non, nu nc ung trong ngy [20].

Cha vim gan, vng da: 100g l Sa k ti, 50g dip h chu ti,

50g c mp gai ti, 20-50g c mc kh. Tt c chung nu nc ung

trong ngy [20].

Tr chng huyt p cao dao ng: 2 l Sa k vng va mi rng, 50g

rau ngt ti, 20g l ch xanh ti, chung nu nc ung trong ngy [20].

- Tr bnh mn rp: l Sa k t thnh than, tn mn, phi hp vi du

da v ngh ti, gi nt, lm thnh bnh, p [19].

- Cha sng hng, mn nht, p xe: l Sa k v l u ti, lng

bng nhau, gi vi vi ti cho n khi c mu vng, ri p [8], [9], [19].

16

Chng 2

NGUYN LIU, THIT B, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP

NGHIN CU

2.1. NGUYN VT LIU, THIT B NGHIN CU

2.1.1. Nguyn vt liu nghin cu

Mu nghin cu cy Sa k:

- Mu cy ti gim nh tn khoa hc.

- Mu cy ti mang l, thn cy nghin cu v mt thc vt.

- L cy ti phi se, sy trong t sy 50C n kh, lm nh, bo

qun trong ti nilon kn, ch mt lm nguyn liu nghin cu v mt ha

hc.

Mu nghin cu cy Mt ni:

- Mu cy ti phn bit vi cy Sa k v c im hnh thi.

Ni thu hi: Th c Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Thi gian thu hi: thng 11 nm 2013.

2.1.2. Thit b nghin cu

Cc dng c th nghim thng quy (bnh nn, bnh gn, cc c m,

pipet)

T sy Shellab.

Cn phn tch Precisa.

My ct quay Buchi Rotavapor R-200.

Knh hin vi Leica Wetzlar GmbH, my nh Canon IXUS 115 HS.

Bn mng Silicagel GF254 ca Merck (c) trng sn.

n t ngoi.

Ha cht s dng trong nghin cu t tiu chun Dc in Vit Nam

III, IV.

17

2.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU

2.2.1. Nghin cu v thc vt

- M t hnh thi cy, phn bit vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi v

gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu nghin cu.

- Nghin cu c im vi hc ca mu.

2.2.2. Nghin cu v ha hc

nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c trong dc liu v cc phn on bng

phn ng ha hc thng quy v sc k lp mng.

2.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.3.1. Nghin cu v thc vt

M t hnh thi thc vt

M t c im hnh thi cy v phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v

c im hnh thi theo phng php ghi trong ti liu Thc tp thc vt v

nhn bit cy thuc [5].

Gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu nghin cu

i chiu vi m t trong ti liu chuyn su v thc vt nh:

T in thc vt thng dng [9].

Cy c Vit Nam [14].

Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam [19].

Nhng cy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam [13].

Nghin cu c im vi hc

Quan st cu to vi phu l, thn v soi bt l, bt thn bng knh hin vi,

chp nh cc c im vi hc bng my nh theo cc ti liu:

Thc tp thc vt v nhn bit cy thuc [5].

Thc tp dc liu [1].

18

2.3.2. Nghin cu v ha hc

nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng cc

phn ng ha hc thng quy v bng sc k lp mng theo ti liu:

Bi ging dc liu, tp I v II [2], [3].

Thc tp dc liu [1].

Phng php nghin cu ha hc cy thuc [12].

19

Chng 3

THC NGHIM V KT QU

3.1. NGHIN CU V THC VT

3.1.1. M t hnh thi cy

Cy g ln, cao khong 10m. Thn to, ng knh khong 80-90cm,

phn cnh cao, cc nhnh khc khuu, v mu nu, sn si, c nha m trng

(hnh 3.1). Thn non mu xanh, c ph nhiu lng trng (hnh 3.2).

L mc so le, xp xon, mc thng t u ngn cnh, c l km. Hai l

km ln, di khong 15-20cm, ban u dnh vo nhau, bc ly l nh bp cy,

l cun bn trong, sau tch dn l cy bung ra, rng sm, c mu

xanh chuyn vng khi rng (hnh 3.3). L mu xanh lc, bng (khi non), m

v chuyn mu vng (khi rng); mu lc m mt trn, mt di mu lc

nht, ph nhiu lng rp. L x lng chim, 9-11 thy, mp nguyn, chp

nhn, u thun t. L di 40-50cm, rng 30-40cm, cung l ngn 2-5cm

(hnh 3.4).

Hoa c t hp li, hnh chy, di 15-20cm (hnh 3.5). Qu kp, gn nh

hnh trn hoc hi hnh trng, c 10-15 x 15-25cm, v mu xanh lc nht, c

gai t, tht qu trng, cha nhiu bt, thng khng c ht (hnh 3.6).

3.1.2. Gim nh tn khoa hc

Da vo cc c im quan st, phn tch v c im hnh thi, i

chiu vi cc ti liu tham kho v c s gip ca PGS.TS Nguyn

Khc Khi Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn sinh vt, cy Sa k dng nghin

cu c gim nh tn khoa hc l Artocarpus communis J. R. Forst. &

G. Forst., tn ng ngha l Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosb. hay Artocarpus

incisus (Thunb.) L., h Du tm (Moraceae).

20

Hnh 3.1. nh cy Sa k Hnh 3.2. nh u ngn cnh Sa k

Hnh 3.3. nh tn l Sa k

Hnh 3.4. nh l Sa k

Hnh 3.5. nh hoa c Sa k

Hnh 3.6. nh qu Sa k

21

3.1.3. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi

Cy Sa k v cy Mt ni c cc c im hnh thi chung ca chi

Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.: Cy g cao 15-20m; l mc so le, chia

thy; hoa n tnh cng gc, cc hoa c xp thnh bng ui sc, cc hoa

ci tp hp trn mt hoa li; qu kp.

Mt s c im hnh thi phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni c

trnh by bng 3.1.

Bng 3.1. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v mt s c im hnh thi.

c im

hnh thi Cy Sa k Cy Mt ni

L:

- Chia thy

- u thy

- Gc l

- Lng

Hnh 3.7. nh l Sa k

Su (2/3-4/5).

Nhn sc, di.

Thun t.

Lng t dy, ngn phin l;

lng cng gn l mu xm.

Hnh 3.8. nh l Mt ni

Nng (1/3-1/2).

Thun.

Thun nhn.

Lng t dy c phin l; lng

cng gn l mu xm hoc .

Qu:

- Mu sc

- Gai

- Tht qu

- Ht

Hnh 3.9. nh qu Sa k

Xanh nht.

Gai t, hu nh khng nh ra.

Bt trng, chim hu ht qu.

Hu nh khng c, nu c ch c

2-3 ht.

Hnh 3.10. nh qu Mt ni

Xanh l m.

Gai nhn, sc, di.

Bt trng, chim phn t th tch.

Nhiu, chim phn ln qu. Ht to

2-4cm, c v mng mu nu v gn

en.

22

3.1.4. c im vi phu l

Quan st tiu bn vi phu l (hnh 3.11), nhn thy:

Phn gn l: Mt trn v mt di u li, tuy nhin mt di li

nhiu hn. T bo biu b (1) gm nhiu t bo hnh ch nht, c mt s t

bo bin thnh lng che ch n bo (6). M dy (2) c cu to bi cc t

bo hnh trng c thnh dy, mt trn c nhiu lp t bo hn mt di. M

mm (3) gm cc t bo thnh mng, hnh trn. Cc b mch nm trong khi

m mm, phn b thnh hai phn: phn ngoi to thnh vng cung khp kn,

phn trong nm ri rc to thnh cc cnh cung. Trong mi b mch, phn

libe (4) nm ngoi, phn g (5) trong. Ngoi ra, trn c hai lp biu b u

c nhiu lng tit (7), tinh th calci oxalat nm ri rc m mm.

Phn phin l: T bo biu b (8) hnh ch nht, mt di c lng che

ch. M giu (9) chim mt phn t chiu dy phn tht l, gm 1-3 lp t

bo cha nhiu ht dip lc. Pha di l m khuyt (10). M giu v m

khuyt b phn cch thnh cc phn bi cc mch dn ca gn ph (11). Tinh

th calci oxalat nm ri rc trong vng m giu v m khuyt.

3.1.5. c im vi phu thn

Quan st tiu bn vi phu thn (hnh 3.12), nhn thy:

Thn cy c cu to vi phu cp hai: Ngoi cng l bn (1) gm 3-5 lp

t bo sp xp ln xn. Tip theo l tng pht sinh bn-lc b, v lc b (2)

gm 4-6 lp t bo hnh a gic. M mm v (3) gm cc t bo hnh trng,

kch thc khng u nhau. Cc b libe cp 1 (4) nm ri rc trong m mm

v. Libe cp 2 (5) gm m mm libe v si libe. Tip theo l g cp 2 (6) v

g cp 1(7). Tm l m mm v (8), chim mt phn hai chiu dy thn. Tinh

th calci oxalat ri rc m mm v, libe v m mm rut.

23

Hnh 3.11. nh vi phu l cy Sa k

1. T bo biu b gn l 2. M dy

3. M mm 4. Libe

5. G 6. Lng che ch n bo

7. Lng tit 8. T bo biu b phin l

9. M giu 10. M khuyt

11. Mch dn gn ph

Hnh 3.12. nh vi phu thn Sa k

1. Bn 2. Lc b

3. M mm v 4. B libe cp 1

5. Libe cp 2 6. G cp 2

7. G cp 1 8. M mm rut

24

3.1.6. c im bt l

L c phi sy kh, tn thnh bt mn. Bt c mu xanh lc, mi

thm. Quan st bt di knh hin vi (hnh 3.13), nhn thy:

Lng che ch n bo (1). Mnh biu b mang l kh (2). Tinh th calci

oxalat hnh cu gai (3). Ht tinh bt hnh trn ng ring r, rn ht phn

nhnh, vn r (4). Mnh m mm (5). Mnh m giu (6). Cc mnh mang

mu (7). Cc mnh mch: mch xon (8), mch vch (9). Si (10).

3.1.7. c im bt thn

Thn phi sy kh, tn thnh bt mn. Bt c mu vng nu, mi thm.

Quan st bt di knh hin vi (hnh 3.14), nhn thy:

Mnh biu b mu nu (1). M mm l cc t bo hnh a gic, thnh

mng (2). Cc mnh mch: mch xon (3), mch im (4). Si g (5). Ht

tinh bt nm ri rc c hnh trn, rn phn nhnh (6). Tinh th calci oxalat

(7). Mnh mang mu (8).

3.2. NGHIN CU V HA HC.

3.2.1. Chit xut.

Cn 1kg dc liu lm nh, cho nc ngp dc liu (cch b mt dc

liu khong 2cm), un si trong 30 pht. Sau 30 pht, ly dch chit ra, lc

nng c dch lc. B dc liu c dng chit tip ln 2, ln 3. Gp

cc dch lc li, ly mt phn em c n cn (cn ton phn). Phn cn li

bay hi bt dung mi ri chuyn vo bnh gn. Tin hnh chit lng lng

vi cc dung mi c phn cc tng dn ln lt l: n-hexan, chloroform v

ethyl acetat. Dch chit cc phn on c ct thu hi dung mi di p sut

gim n cn ln lt l n-hexan (cn H), chloroform (cn C) v cn ethyl

acetat (cn E).

Hnh 3.15 m t s chit xut cn ton phn v cc cn phn on t

l Sa k.

25

Hnh 3.13. nh mt s c im bt l Sa k

1. Lng che ch n bo 2. Mnh biu b mang l kh

3. Tinh th calci oxalat hnh cu gai 4. Ht tinh bt 5. Mnh m mm

6. Mnh m giu 7. Cc mnh mang mu 8. Mnh mch xon

9. Mnh mch vch 10. Si

Hnh 3.14. nh mt s c im bt thn Sa k

1. Mnh biu b 2. M mm 3. Mnh mch im

4. Mnh mch xon 5. Si g 6. Ht tinh bt 7. Tinh th calci oxalat

8. Mnh mang mu

26

Hnh 3.15. S chit xut cn ton phn v cc cn phn on

t l Sa k

3.2.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng

phn ng ha hc.

3.2.2.1. nh tnh glycosid tim

Ly 3g dc liu, chit soxhlet vi n-hexan 1 gi. B dc liu sy kh,

cho vo bnh cu, un hi lu vi ethanol 40% trong 1 gi. Gn dch chit

vo cc c m, thm khong 3ml ch acetat 30%, khuy u. Lc loi ta, th

Dch chit nc

n-Hexan

Dch chit n-hexan

n-Hexan thu hi

Cn H

Dch chit nc

Dch chit chloroform

Chlorform

Cn C

Chloroform thu hi

Dch chit nc

Ethyl acetat

Dch chit nc Dch chit ethyl acetat

Cn E

Ethyl acetat thu hi

Nc ct

Dc liu

Cn ton phn

27

dch lc vn cn ta vi ch acetat, cho thm 1ml ch acetat na vo dch

chit, khuy v lc li. Tip tc th n khi dch chit khng cn ta vi ch

acetat. Cho ton b dch lc vo bnh gn v lc k vi hn hp

chloroform:ethanol t l 4:1 (3 ln, mi ln 5ml), gn ly lp chloroform vo

cc c m kh sch. Chia dch chit vo cc ng nghim nh, bc hi dung

mi trn ni cch thu cho n kh. Cn cn li lm cc phn ng nh

tnh sau:

Phn ng Liebermann:

Ha tan cn trong ng nghim 1 bng 1ml anhydrid acetic, lc u.

Nghing ng 450, cho t t theo thnh ng 1ml H2SO4 c. Quan st nu thy

mt tip xc gia 2 lp xut hin vng vng th dng tnh.

Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.

Phn ng Baljet:

Ha tan cn trong ng nghim 2 bng khong 1ml ethanol 90%, nh

tng git thuc th Baljet mi pha (1 phn dung dch acid picric 1% v 9

phn dung dch NaOH 10%) nu thy xut hin mu cam th dng tnh.


Phn ng Legal:

Ha tan cn trong 0,5ml ethanol 90%. Nh 1 git thuc th

Natrinitroprussiat 1% v 2 git dung dch NaOH 10%. Lc u, nu thy xut

hin mu cam th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dc liu khng cha glycosid tim.

3.2.2.2. nh tnh alkaloid

Ly 2g dc liu lm nh, cho vo bnh cu dung tch 50ml, thm m

dc liu bng dd NH3 6 M, yn 1 gi. Chit hi lu chlorofrom trong

vng 30 pht, lc ly dch chit. Lc dch chit chlorofrom vi acid H2SO4

28

1N (2 ln, mi ln 5ml). Gp cc dch chit nc, cho vo 3 ng nghim nh,

mi ng nghim 1ml, lm cc phn ng sau.

Phn ng vi thuc th Mayer: Thm 2-3 git thuc th Mayer, nu

thy xut hin ta trng th phn ng dng tnh.


Phn ng vi thuc th Bouchardat: Thm 2-3 git thuc th

Bouchardat, nu thy xut hin kt ta nu th phn ng dng tnh.


Phn ng vi thuc th Dragendorff: Thm 2-3 git thuc th

Dragendoff, nu thy xut hin kt ta da cam th phn ng dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dc liu khng cha alkaloid.

3.2.2.3. nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong cn ton phn

bng phn ng ha hc

nh tnh saponin

Quan st hin tng to bt:

Ha tan mt t cn vo khong 5ml nc ct. un cch thy 10 pht, lc

qua bng ly dch chit vo ng nghim to. Thm nc ct n khong 10ml,

bt ng nghim bng ngn tay ci, lc mnh ng nghim theo chiu dc 5

pht, yn v quan st ct bt thy ct bt bn sau 15 pht th dng tnh.

Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.

S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha saponin.

nh tnh flavonoid

Ha tan cn vo ethanol 90%, lc qua giy lc gp np ly dch lc em

lm cc phn ng:

Phn ng vi hi amoniac (NH3)

Nh vi git dch lc ln ming giy lc, kh ri h ln ming l NH3

29

c, quan st nu thy vt cht chuyn sang mu vng th dng tnh.


Phn ng vi dung dch kim long

Cho dch lc vo ng nghim, nh vi git dung dch NaOH 10% nu

thy dch vn c mu vng th dng tnh.


Phn ng Cyanidin

Cho vo 2 ng nghim mi ng khong 1ml dch lc, 1 ng thm t bt

magie kim loi ri nh t t vi git HCl m c, ng cn li i chiu.

Khi phn ng xong quan st nu thy ng phn ng xut hin mu cam

m hn ng i chiu th dng tnh.


Phn ng vi dung dch st (III) chlorid

Cho khong 1ml dch lc vo ng nghim nh, thm vi git dung dch

FeCl3 5%, lc u nu thy xut hin mu xanh en th dng tnh.


Phn ng diazo ha:

Cho vo ng nghim nh 1ml dch lc, thm vo khong 1ml dung

dch NaOH 10%, thm vi git thuc th diazoni, lc u, un nng cch

thy nu thy xut hin mu cam th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha flavonoid.

nh tnh coumarin

Chun b dch lc nh phn nh tnh flavonoid lm cc phn ng:

Phn ng m ng vng lacton:

Cho vo 2 ng nghim, mi ng 1ml dch lc, ng 1 thm 0,5ml NaOH

10%, ng 2 nguyn. un c 2 ng trong 2 pht, ngui, nu thy hin

30

tng ng 1 c ta c mu vng, ng 2 trong sut. Thm t t nc ct vo

c 2 ng n 4ml, ng 1 trong sut, ng 2 c ta c. Thm vi git HCl c

vo ng 1, ng 1 tr li c nh ng 2 th dng tnh.


Phn ng chuyn dng ng phn cis-trans:

Nh hai git dch chit ethanol ln giy lc, sau nh tip ln 1 git

NaOH 10%, kh. Che na vt cht th bng mt mnh kim loi ri soi

di nh sng t ngoi trong khong 30 giy, b vt che ra thy na ca vt

cht th khng che c cng mu sng hn na vt cht th b che th

phn ng dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c coumarin.

nh tnh anthranoid

Phn ng Borntraeger:

Ha tan mt t cn vo 10ml H2SO4 1N. ngui, lc qua giy lc gp

np ly dch lc cho vo bnh gn. Chit bng 10ml chloroform, gn ly lp

chloroform vo ng nghim, c bt dung mi cn khong 1ml, thm 1ml

NaOH 10% vo, lc nh, nu xut hin mu sim th phn ng dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha anthranoid.

nh tnh acid hu c

Ha tan cn trong nc nng, ngui ri lc qua giy lc gp np. Cho

vo ng nghim nh khong 2ml dch lc, thm mt t tinh th Na2CO3 nu

thy c bt kh bay ln th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c acid hu c.

31

nh tnh tanin

Ha tan cn trong nc nng. ngui, lc qua giy lc gp np ly

dch lc. Cho vo 3 ng nghim nh mi ng 2ml dch lc.

ng 1: Thm vi git st (III) chlorid 5% nu thy xut hin ta mu

xanh en th dng tnh.

ng 2: Thm vi git ch acetat 10% nu thy xut hin ta bng th

dng tnh.

ng 3: Thm vi git gelatin 1% nu thy xut hin ta bng trng th

dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha tanin.

nh tnh ng kh

Ha tan cn vo 1ml nc nng, em lc thu c dch lc. Thm vo

1ml dung dch thuc th Felling A v 1ml dung dch thuc th Felling B.

un cch thy si vi pht nu thy xut hin ta gch th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha ng kh.

nh tnh acid amin

Ha tan cn vo 2ml nc nng. Lc nng, ly dch lc vo ng nghim

nh, thm 5 git thuc th Ninhydrin 3%, un cch thy 2 pht nu thy xut

hin mu tm th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha acid amin.

nh tnh polysaccharid

Ha tan cn vo 4ml nc nng, lc nng thu c dch lc. Cho vo 2

ng nghim

ng 1: 4ml nc ct + 5 git thuc th Lugol

32

ng 2: 4ml dch lc + 5 git thuc th Lugol

Quan st mu ng 2 m hn ng 1 th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha polysaccharid.

nh tnh cht bo

Ha tan cn vo 2ml nc nng, lc nng. Nh 1 git dch chit trn ln

ming giy lc, h nng cho bay ht hi dung mi, nu li vt m trn giy

lc th phn ng dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c cht bo.

nh tnh caroten

Cho vo ng nghim nh mt t cn kh, nh vi git H2SO4 c vo cn

nu thy xut hin mu xanh l th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c caroten.

nh tnh sterol

Cho vo ng nghim mt t cn kh, ha tan trong 2ml chloroform v

1ml anhydrid acetic. ng nghim nghing 450, thm t t H2SO4 m c

theo thnh ng nghim thy mt phn cch c vng tm , lp cht lng pha

trn c mu xanh l th dng tnh.


S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c sterol.

Cc kt qu nh tnh c trnh by tm tt bng 3.2.

Kt lun: S b kt lun l Sa k khng cha glycosid tim, alkaloid;

dch chit nc c saponin, flavonoid, anthranoid, tanin, ng kh, acid

amin, polysaccharid, sterol; khng cha coumarin, acid hu c, cht bo,

caroten.

33

Bng 3.2. Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht hu c trong l Sa k

Nhm cht Phn ng nh tnh Kt

qu

Kt

lun

1 Glycosid tim

Phn ng Libermann -

Khng Phn ng Legal -

Phn ng Baljet -

2 Alkaloid

Phn ng vi thuc th Mayer -

Khng Phn ng vi thuc th Bouchardat -

Phn ng vi thuc th Dragendorff -

3 Saponin Quan st hin tng to bt + C

4 Flavonoid

Phn ng vi hi amoniac ++

C

Phn ng vi dung dch kim long ++

Phn ng Cyanidin +

Phn ng vi dung dch FeCl3 5% ++

Phn ng diazo ha ++

5 Coumarin

Phn ng m ng vng lacton -

Khng Phn ng chuyn dng ng phn cis-

trans -

6 Anthranoid Phn ng Borntraeger ++ C

7 Acid hu c Phn ng vi Na2CO3 - Khng

8 Tanin

Phn ng vi dd FeCl3 5% ++

C Phn ng dd ch acetat 10% ++

Phn ng vi dd gelatin 1% ++

9 ng kh Phn ng vi TT Fehling A v Fehling B ++ C

10 Acid amin Phn ng vi TT Ninhydrin 3% + C

11 Polysaccharid Phn ng vi TT Lugol ++ C

12 Cht bo To vt m trn giy - Khng

13 Caroten Phn ng vi H2SO4 c - Khng

14 Sterol Phn ng Liebermann + C

Ghi ch:(-): Phn ng m tnh (+): Phn ng dng tnh

(++): Phn ng dng tnh r

34

3.2.3. nh tnh cn ton phn bng sc k lp mng

- Dch chm sc k: Cn ton phn ha tan trong MeOH.

- Bn mng Silicagel GF254 (Merck) trng sn, c hot ha 110C

trong 1h. ngui v bo qun trong bnh ht m.

- H dung mi khai trin: Tin hnh thm d trn cc h dung mi

H I: Chloroform - Methanol (8:2)

H II: Dichlomethan- Methanol - Nc (4:1:0,1)

H III: Dichlomethan- Ethyl acetat Acid formic (5:2:1)

- Thuc th hin mu: dd vanilin/ H2SO4 10% v soi di n t ngoi

bc sng 254nm v 365nm.

- Tin hnh: Chm dch methanol ln bn mng. Sy nh cho kh, t

vo bnh sc k bo ha dung mi. Sau khi trin khai ly bn mng ra khi

bnh, sy nh 5 pht cho bay hi ht dung mi. Pht hin vt di nh sng t

ngoi. Sau phun thuc th hin mu, sy nhit khong 110C. Sau

nhiu ln trin khai thy h III tch tt nht (hnh 3.16).

I II III IV

Hnh 3.16. Sc k ca cn ton phn khai trin vi h dm s III

Ghi ch : I : khng phun TT, AST III : khng phun TT, UV365nm

II : khng phun TT, UV254nm IV : phun TT, AST

35

Kt qu nh tnh bng SKLM ca cn ton phn vi h dung mi III

c trnh by bng 3.3.

Bng 3.3. Kt qu nh tnh cn ton phn bng SKLM.

STT Khng c thuc th C thuc th

Rf x 100 AST UV254nm UV365nm AST

1 en

(++)

Xanh l

(++)

Vng

(+) 3,73

2 en

(++)

Xanh l

(++)

Xanh tm

(++) 7,59

3 en

(++)

Xanh dng

(+) 9,94

4 en

(+)

Xanh l

(++) 13,66

5 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+++)

Nu vng

(++) 15,19

6 en

(+++)

Xanh l

(+++)

Vng

(++) 21,66

7 Xanh dng

(+) 25,47

8 en

(+)

Xanh l

(++) 30,44

9 Xanh dng

(+++) 36,02

10 en

(+)

Xanh l

(+)

Vng

(++) 38,51

11 en

(++)

Xanh l

(++) 46,85

12 en

(+)

Da cam

(+++)

Vng

(+) 50,63

13 en

(+)

Vng

(++)

Vng

(+) 54,66

36

14

en

(++)

Vng

(++++)

Vng

(++) 57,76

15 en

(+)

Tm

(++) 60,51

16 Xanh dng

(+++)

Vng cam

(++) 65,84

17 en

(++++)

Hng cam

(+++) 69,62

18 Xanh l

(+++)

Vng nu

(++) 72,67

19 en

(++)

Xanh dng

(++)

Vng

(++) 75,16

20 Xanh dng

(+++)

Hng

(+++) 78,88

21 en

(+++)

Xanh dng

(++)

Vng

(+++) 82,61

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 3 h, nhn thy h cho kt qu tch tt nht.

Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy:

Khi cha phun thuc th.

nh sng thng: 0 vt.

nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm: 16 vt


Khi phun thuc th.

nh sng thng: 15 vt

Trong cc vt, nhn thy mt s vt ng lu :

- Vt 6 nhn thy r c 3 trng hp, tr trng hp nh sng thng

cha phun thuc th.

- Vt 14 bc sng 365nm nhn rt sng v r.

Ghi ch: + : rt m ++ : m +++ : r ++++ : rt r

37

3.2.4. nh tnh cn cc phn on

3.2.4.1. nh tnh cn cc phn on bng phn ng ha hc

Cch tin hnh

Tin hnh nh tnh mt s nhm cht thng gp trong cn cc phn

on.

- nh tnh flavonoid: Cn tng phn on c ha vo trong cn 90%,

sau em nh tnh nh trnh by mc 3.2.2.3.

- nh tnh coumarin: Cn tng phn on c ha vo trong cn 90%,

sau em nh tnh nh trnh by mc 3.2.2.3.

Kt qu

Kt qu nh tnh cn cc phn on n-hexan, chloroform, ethylacetat

c trnh by ln lt trong bng 3.4.

Bng 3.4. Kt qu nh tnh cn H, C, E bng phn ng ha hc

Nhm cht P nh tnh Kt qu

Cn H Cn C Cn E

Flavonoid

P/ vi hi ammoniac + ++ ++

P/ vi dd NaOH 10% + ++ ++

P/ Cyanidin - + +

P/ vi dd FeCl3 5% + ++ ++

P/ diazo ha + ++ ++

Kt lun Khng C C

Coumarin P/ m, ng vng lacton + - -

P/ chuyn dng ng phn cis-trans + - -

Kt lun C Khng Khng

Nhn xt: Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht hu c thng gp

trong cc cn phn on nhn thy: Cn n-hexan c cha coumarin, khng c

flavonoid; trong c cn C v E u c flavonoid, khng c coumarin .

38

3.2.4.2. nh tnh bng sc k lp mng

- Dch chm sc k: Cn tng phn on ha tan trong MeOH.

- Bn mng Silicagel GF254 (Merck) trng sn, c hot ha 110C

trong 1h. ngui v bo qun trong bnh ht m.

- Thuc th hin mu: dd vanilin/ H2SO4 10% v soi di n t ngoi

bc sng 254nm v 365nm.

Tin hnh: Tng t nh vi cn ton phn.

nh tnh cn phn on n-hexan

H dung mi khai trin: Tin hnh thm d trn cc h dung mi:

H I: n-hexan Ethylacetat (4:2)

H II: n-hexan Ethylacetat Acid formic (4:2:0,5)

H III: Toluen - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:2:0,5)

H IV: Toluen - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:6:1)

Sau nhiu ln trin khai thy h III tch tt nht (Hnh 3.17).

I II III IV

Hnh 3.17. Sc k cn H khai trin vi h dm s III



39

Kt qu nh tnh bng SKLM ca cn phn on n-hexan vi h dung

mi III c trnh by bng 3.5.

Bng 3.5. Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on n-hexan bng SKLM



1 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(++)

Vng nu

(++) 9,44

2 Xanh l

(+++)

Vng

(+) 13,33

3 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+)

Hng

(+++) 17,22

4 en

(++++)

Xanh dng

(++++)

Nu

(+++) 20,55

5 en

(++)

Hng

(++) 23,33

6 en

(++)

Xanh nht

(+++)

Vng chanh

(++) 25,00

7 en

(++)

Xanh dng

(+++)

Hng cam

(++) 28,33

8 en

(+++)

(++)

Vng

(+) 31,11

9 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+)

Xanh en

(++) 33,88

10 en

(+) 38,88

11 en

(+++)

Xanh l

(++)

Xanh l

(++) 43,88

12 en

(+++)

Xanh dng

(+)

cam

(++) 50,00

13 Xanh dng

(+++)

Xanh dng

(++++)

Vng

(++) 57,77

40

14 en

(+++)

Xanh bin

(+) 60,00

15 en

(+++)

Hng cam

(++) 63,88

16 Xanh dng

(+++)

Xanh dng

(++++)

Vng cam

(+++) 66,66

17 Xanh l

(++)

Xanh bin

(++) 75,00

18 Xanh dng

(+++)

Xanh en

(++) 77,77

19

(+++)

Xanh l

(+) 83,33

20 Xanh dng

(+++)

Tm

(+++) 88,88

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 4 h, nhn thy h III cho kt qu tch tt

nht. Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy.

Khi cha phun thuc th:

nh sng thng: 0 vt



Khi phun thuc th:

nh sng thng: 19 vt


- Vt 4 nhn thy rt r, trong 3 trng hp tr trng hp khng phun

thuc th di nh sng thng.

- Vt 13, 16 nhn rt m, pht quang di c 2 bc sng t ngoi

254nm, 365nm.

Ghi ch: + : rt m ++ : m +++ : r ++++ : rt r

41

nh tnh cn phn on cloroform


H I: Toluen Ethylacetat Acid formic (5:6:1)

H II: n-Hexan Ethylacetat (4:2)

H III: Chloroform Methanol (9:1)

H IV: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:3:0,5)

H V: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (5:2:1)

Sau nhiu ln trin khai thy h IV tch tt nht (Hnh 3.18).

I II III IV

Hnh 3.18. Sc k ca cn C khai trin vi h dm IV



Kt qu nh tnh bng SKLM ca cn phn on chloroform chy vi

h dung mi IV c trnh by bng 3.6.

Bng 3.6. Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on chloroform bng SKLM



1 en

(++)

Xanh dng

(+) 2,61

2 en

(++)

Xanh l

(++)

Xm

(+) 4,35

42

3 en

(+)

Da cam

(+++)

Nu xm

(+) 8,70

4 Da cam

(+++) 11,30

5 Vng

(++)

en

(++)

Vng

(++++)

Vng

(++) 13,04

6 Vng

(++)

Vng

(++++)

Vng

(++) 19,13

7 Xanh dng

(+)

Xanh en

(++) 24,35

8 en

(++)

Xanh dng

(+)

Xanh en

(+) 29,57

9 Xanh dng

(++)

Vng

(+) 33,04

10 en

(++)

Nu

(+)

Nu xm

(++) 35,65

11 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+)

en

(++) 40,87

12 Nu

(+)

Xm

(+) 44,35

13 en

(+++)

Xanh dng

(+)

Nu

(+++) 57,77

14 Vng

(++)

en

(+)

Xanh dng

(++)

Vng

(+) 53,04

15 Xanh dng

(+) 56,52

16 Vng

(++)

Xanh dng

(++)

Nu

(+) 60,00

17 en

(++++)

Nu en

(+++) 61,74

18 Vng

(++)

en

(++++)

Xanh dng

(++++)

Nu

(+++) 66,09

19 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+++)

Vng

(+) 73,91

20 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(++++)

Hng

(+) 78,26

21 en

(+++)

Vng

(+++) 83,48

43

22 Xanh dng

(++)

Hng

(+++) 85,22

23 en

(89,57)

en

(++) 89,57

24 Xanh dng

(+)

Hng

(+++) 91,30

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 4 h, nhn thy h IV cho kt qu tch tt

nht. Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy.


nh sng thng: 5 vt



Khi phun thuc th:

nh sng thng: 21 vt


- Vt 18 nhn thy rt r, trong c 4 trng hp.

- Vt 5, 6 nhn thy nh sng thng v pht quang rt m di bc

sng t ngoi 365nm.

nh tnh cn phn on ethylacetat


H I: Toluen Ethylacetat Acid formic (8:6:1)

H II: Ethylacetat Methanol Nc (4:1:1)

H III: Dichlomethan Methanol Nc (4:1:0,1)

H IV: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:3:1)

H V: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (5:2:1)

Sau nhiu ln trin khai thy h IV tch tt nht (Hnh 3.19).

Ghi ch: + : rt m ++ : m +++ : r ++++ : rt r

44

I II III IV

Hnh 3.19. Sc k ca cn E khai trin vi h dm IV



Bng 3.7. Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on ethylacetat bng SKLM



1 Xanh dng

(+)

Vng

(++) 2,61

2 en

(++)

Xanh dng

(++)

Tm than

(+++) 6,09

3 Xanh dng

(++) 9,56

4 en

(+)

Vng

(+++) 11,30

5 Xanh dng

(+++) 13,91

6 en

(+)

Vng

(+) 17,39

7 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+++) 20,00

8 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+) 24,35

45

9 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+) 27,83

10 Xanh dng

(+) 33,04

11 Vng

(++)

en

(++)

Vng

(++) 37,39

12 Xanh dng

(+) 40,00

13 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+)

Vng

(+) 43,48

14 Vng xm

(++)

Xanh dng

(++) 46,03

15 en

(++)

Da cam

(++)

Xanh en

(++) 50,43

16 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+++) 53,91

17 Vng

(+++)

Xanh en

(++) 57,39

18 Vng ng

(+++)

en

(++++)

Xanh dng

(+++) 62,61

19 Xanh tm

(++) 65,22

20 en

(+)

Xanh dng

(+++) 67,83

21 Hng tm

(++) 69,57

22 Vng ng

(+++)

en

(+++) 73,91

23 Xanh dng

(++)

Vng

(+++) 80,00

24 Xanh dng

(+)

Vng

(+) 86,09

Ghi ch: + : rt m ++ : m +++ : r ++++ : rt r

46

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 4 h, nhn thy h IV cho kt qu tch tt

nht. Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy:


nh sng thng: 4 vt



Khi phun thuc th:

nh sng thng: 12 vt


- Vt 18 nhn thy rt r, trong 3 trng hp tr trng hp sau khi

phun thuc th.

- Vt 22 nhn thy r di nh sng thng, v rt m di bc sng

t ngoi 254nm.

47

BN LUN

Cy Sa k t lu c nhn dn ta s dng tr huyt p, tr tiu

chy, i ng, [9]. V mt thc vt hc, cc ti liu tham kho cho thy,

cy Sa k hin ch dng m t c im hnh thi ca cy [8], [13], m cha

thy c cc nghin cu v cu to gii phu hay c im vi hc. Vic tin

hnh nghin cu cu to gii phu thn, l v c im vi hc bt thn, bt l

ca ti c thc hin ln u tin i vi mu cy ny.

So vi c im hnh thi ca chi nhn thy cy Sa k c cc c im

chung ca chi nh: cy g cao 15-20m; l mc so le, chia thy; hoa n tnh

cng gc, cc hoa c xp thnh bng ui sc, cc hoa ci tp hp trn mt

hoa li; qu kp. Bng vic so snh c im hnh thi ca mu nghin cu

vi cc ti liu ca chi gp phn gim nh ng tn khoa hc ca mu

nghin cu.

Mu Mt ni thu c c c im hnh thi ging loi A.camansi

Blanco, song li c c im v l, qu khc vi hai loi Mt ni c m t

trong cc ti liu cng b Vit Nam (mc 1.1.4). ng thi, theo [19] th

loi A.altilis (Park.) Fosb. cn c tn ng ngha l A.camansi Blanco, tuy

nhin theo [32] th A.camansi Blanco c xem l ngun gc ca loi A.altilis

(Park.) Fosb. sau qu trnh di thc m c s khc bit v c im thc vt.

Liu mu Mt ni thu c c phi l A.camansi Blanco?

Hin nay, Sa k c trng ph bin v s dng rng ri nhng c th

c s nhm ln gia cy Sa k v cy Mt ni, v vy ti thc hin phn

bit v c im hnh thi ca hai cy gp mt phn trong vic trng v s

dng ng cy Sa k.

V chit xut, dch chit l Sa k thu c bng phng php sc thng

thng vi dung mi nc, tin hnh theo ng vi cch s dng trong dn

gian. Nh vy, c th nh gi bc u v mt ha hc ca dch chit nc

48

l Sa k, t tin hnh th tc dng sinh hc ca dch chit Sa k nhm gp

phn chng minh kinh nghim ca dn gian.

Dch chit nc, bng phng php chit lng - lng ln lt vi cc

dung mi c phn cc tng dn (n-hexan, chloroform, ethylacetat), thu

c cc cn phn on gm cn H, cn C v cn E.

V mt ha hc, bng cc phn ng nh tnh, s b kt lun trong l

Sa k khng c glycosid tim, alkaloid ; dch chit nc c saponin, flavonoid,

anthranoid, tanin, ng kh, acid amin, polysaccharid, sterol; khng cha

coumarin, acid hu c, cht bo, caroten; trong cn H c coumarin, khng c

flavonoid; cn C v cn E c flavonoid, khng c coumarin. Coumarin xut

hin trong cn H, nhng khi tin hnh phn ng nh tnh coumarin i vi

cn ton phn li cho kt qu m tnh, c th do hm lng coumarin trong

cn ton phn nh, hoc b nh hng bi cc nhm cht khc nh flavonoid.

Sau , tin hnh nh tnh cc nhm cht ca cn ton phn v cn cc

phn on bng SKLM. Kt qu ny bc u gp phn vo vic xy dng

tiu chun cho mu nghin cu, nh hng cho cc nghin cu ha hc su

hn v d kin hng nghin cu sinh hc tip theo.

Khi trin khai SKLM ca cn ton phn, cn H, cn C, cn E nhn thy

rng:

Cn TP: Di bc sng t ngoi 365nm xut hin hai vt mu vng

m.

Cn H: C hai vt pht quang mu xanh di c hai bc sng t

ngoi 254nm v 365nm, c th l coumarin (nh kt qu nh tnh bng phn

ng ha hc) m khng thy xut hin sc k ca cn ton phn.

Cn C: Khi cha phun thuc th v di UV365nm, ch yu l cc vt

mu xanh dng nhng xut hin hai vt mu vng m, v hai vt mu da

cam; c th l cc vt mu vng xut hin trn sc k ca cn ton phn.

49

Cn E: Khi cha phun thuc th v di UV365nm, ch yu l cc vt

xanh dng, xanh l, c bit c mt vt mu vng m c th nhn thy c

nh snh thng.

V vy, vic dng cc dung mi khc nhau chit, tch cc nhm cht

gip xc nh chnh xc hn cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc

liu, cng nh nh hng c bc u mt s nhm cht c th tin hnh

phn lp.

Nh vy, cy Sa k ngoi c im gii phu v c im vi hc; cng

c phn bit vi cy Mt ni cy d gy nhm ln vi cy Sa k; ng

thi thnh phn ha hc cng c s b kho st. lm phong ph kho

tng cy thuc Vit nam, cy Sa k cn c nghin cu su hn v thnh

phn ha hc v tc dng sinh hc.

50

KT LUN

Sau mt thi gian thc nghim, kha lun thu c nhng kt qu

sau:

V thc vt

- m t v phn tch c im hnh thi ca cy nghin cu. Cn c

vo cc c im hnh thi mu nghin cu c gim nh tn khoa hc

l: Artocarpus communis J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., h Du tm Moraceae.

- phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v mt s c im hnh thi,

gp phn trnh nhm ln trong qu trnh trong v s dng cy Sa k.

- xc nh c im vi phu l, vi phu thn, c im bt l, bt

thn gp phn tiu chun ha v kim nghim dc liu, chng nhm ln khi

s dng.

V ha hc v chit xut

- nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp bng phn ng ha

hc s b cho thy trong l Sa k khng cha glycosid tim, alkaloid; dch

chit nc c cha: flavonoid, saponin, tanin, anthranoid, ng kh, acid

amin, polysaccharid, sterol; khng cha coumarin, acid hu c, cht bo,

caroten.

- tin hnh chit lng lng ln lt vi cc dung mi c phn

cc tng dn: n-hexan, chloroform, ethylacetat. Tin hnh nh tnh cc nhm

cht trong cn TP, cn 3 phn on bng SKLM.

51

XUT

Do thi gian c hn, nhng nghin cu trn y ca chng ti mi ch

l bc u nn mt s nghin cu sau ngh tip tc thc hin:

Tip tc nghin cu su hn v c im thc vt ca mu nghin cu

Gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu Mt ni thu c. So snh v mt vi hc

cng nh ha hc ca l Sa k vi l Mt ni.

Tip tc nghin cu v thnh phn ho hc cc phn on chit xut

ca cy Sa k.

Nghin cu phn lp cc hp cht tinh khit v xc nh cu trc cc

hp cht.

Tin hnh nghin cu th tc dng sinh hc ca cc hp cht phn

lp c.

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Nng.

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hc v Cng ngh - Lin hip cc hi khoa hoc v k thut ng Nai, s 04,

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PH LC

KT QU GIM NH TN KHOA HC & BIN SON T

LIU LOI THC VT

T VN Chng 1TNG QUAN1.1. V TR PHN LOI, C IM THC VT, PHN B1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 1.1.2. c im thc vt ca h Du tm (Moraceae) 1.1.3. c im thc vt ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. [9]1.1.4. c im thc vt ca mt s loi thuc chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.1.1.5. c im thc vt ca loi Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Sa k1.1.6. Phn b ca Sa k1.1.7. B phn dng ca Sa k

1.2. THNH PHN HA HC CA SA K1.2.1. Qu1.2.2. L1.2.3. R1.2.4. Thn

1.3. TC DNG DC L CA SA K1.3.1. Tc dng chng oxy ha1.3.2. Tc dng chng ung th1.3.3. Tc dng chng vim1.3.4. Tc dng chng x va ng mch1.3.5. Tc dng h ng huyt1.3.6. Tc dng khng khun1.3.7. Tc dng c ch men chuyn angiotensin (ACE)

1.4. TNH V, CNG NNG CA SA K1.5. CNG DNG CA SA K

Chng 22.1. NGUYN VT LIU, THIT B NGHIN CU2.1.1. Nguyn vt liu nghin cu2.1.2. Thit b nghin cu

2.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU2.2.1. Nghin cu v thc vt

- M t hnh thi cy, phn bit vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi v gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu nghin cu.- Nghin cu c im vi hc ca mu.2.2.2. Nghin cu v ha hc

nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c trong dc liu v cc phn on bng phn ng ha hc thng quy v sc k lp mng.2.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU2.3.1. Nghin cu v thc vt2.3.2. Nghin cu v ha hc

Chng 33.1. NGHIN CU V THC VT3.1.1. M t hnh thi cy3.1.2. Gim nh tn khoa hc3.1.3. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi3.1.4. c im vi phu l3.1.5. c im vi phu thn3.1.6. c im bt l3.1.7. c im bt thn

3.2. NGHIN CU V HA HC.3.2.1. Chit xut.

Phn ng vi hi amoniac (NH3)Nh vi git dch lc ln ming giy lc, kh ri h ln ming l NH3c, quan st nu thy vt cht chuyn sang mu vng th dng tnh.Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh. Phn ng vi dung dch kim long Phn ng Cyanidin 3.2.3. nh tnh cn ton phn bng sc k lp mng3.2.4. nh tnh cn cc phn on3.2.4.1. nh tnh cn cc phn on bng phn ng ha hc3.2.4.2. nh tnh bng sc k lp mng

BN LUNKT LUN XUT

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