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TRANSCRIPT
Next Generation Diesel Engine Control
Detroit Diesel Corporation
M. Allain, C. Savonen, Y. Kalish, H. Zhang
1DaimlerChrysler Truck Group
• Engine Control Requirements
• Inverted Models For Controls
• Results
• Limitations
Outline
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Steady-State ?
Transient Engine Control Makes Advanced Combustion Techniques Possible Over-the-road
Engine Control Requirements
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• Flawless Steady-State Stability • Fast Transient Response • Reduced Emission Variability • Increased Diagnostic Capability • Integration of Additional Control Variables
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Multiplication Of Control Variables
2001 2004 2007 2010 2013+
1 Actuator
• Injector Valve
3 Actuators
• Injector Valve • EGR Valve • VGT
6 Actuators
• 2 Injector Valves • EGR Valve • VGT • Inlet Throttle • HC Doser
7 Actuators
• 2 Injector Valves • EGR Valve • VGT • Inlet Throttle • HC Doser • Urea Doser
10+ Actuators
• 2 Injector Valves • EGR Valve • VGT • Inlet Throttle • HC Doser • Urea Doser • VVT • Charge Cooler Bypass • EGR Cooler Bypass • …
Increasingly Flexible Diesel Engine Systems
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Traditional Engine Control
EGR Valve
Position feedback
PID EGR Flow
+ -
RPM
Load
EGR Setpoint Control Signal
Next Step: Model-Based Engine Control
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Next Step – Inverted Control Model
modelu y model -1
y u
EGRm •
Δ EGR Valve Position
Δ EGR Flow
+ -
EGR setpoint
Measured EGR
RPM Load
Model-Based Control System
model -1
EGRm •
Significant Improvements Obtained in Stability & Response Time
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Can We Take It Further ?
EGR Valve
Position feedback
EGR Flow
+ -
RPM
Load
EGR Setpoint
NOx
RPM
Load
NOx Setpoint
+ -
Can we build a model, which calculates optimum setpoints in real-time ?
Black Box Model
EGR Setpoint
Emissions & Fuel Economy
Targets Injection Timing Setpoint
Injection Pressure Setpoint
Air-fuel Ratio Setpoint
model -1
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Engine-out NOx
HC
CO
BSFC
Calibration Layers
Turbo Int. Throttle EGR Valve
Feedback Control
Setpoints Internal Setpoints Control Logic
Actuators Sensors AFR
EGR %
Injection Timing Injector
Torque
Injection Quantity
Combustion &
Aftertreatment
Engine-out PM
Injection Pressure
HC Dosing Quantity
Urea Dosing Quantity
Feedback Control
Feedback Control
Feedback Control
HC Doser
Urea Doser
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Neural Network Engine Control
• Are Forward Models Accurate ?
• How Accurate Must The Inverted Models Be ?
Black Box Model
EGR Setpoint
Emissions & Fuel Economy
Targets Injection Timing Setpoint
Injection Pressure Setpoint
Air-fuel Ratio Setpoint
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Neural Network Model Evaluation
PM Model Is More Challenging:
� Additional Inputs
� Time History of Inputs
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Neural Networks
y = f (Wp +b)
p y
Weights Biases
• Fixed Pre-defined Structure
• Training With Existing Input-Output Data
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Neural Network Engine Control
Problem: Setpoint vs. Actual !
Black Box Model
EGR Setpoint
Emissions & Fuel Economy
Targets Injection Timing Setpoint
Injection Pressure Setpoint
Air-fuel Ratio Setpoint
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Intermediate Solution - Dynamic Compensation
AFR Setpoint Model
AFR setpoint
Emission & Fuel Economy Targets + -
Actual AFR
ΔAFR x
x ΔEGR
∂ NOx ∂ AFR
∂ NOx ∂ EGR
Operating Conditions Final EGR
setpoint
+
+ EGR Setpoint
Model
Emission & Fuel Economy Targets
Take Advantage of Fast-responding Engine Systems
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Preliminary Controller Evaluation
Steady-state Results
Objective:
� Dial-in the Requested NOx Level
� Have the Controller Adjust the Engine Setpoints to Meet the Emission Targets
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Preliminary Controller Evaluation
Transient Results
Dynamically Calculating The Optimum Setpoints
Model Inaccuracy Can Be Compensated By Adjusting the Emission Setpoints
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Limitations
• Large Amount Of Transient Data Required
• Over-the-road Application
• Hardware Variability (engine-to-engine)
• Increased Computing Power Requirement
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Summary
• Developing Transient Engine Models For Real-time Use
• Models Were Inverted For Control Application
• Results Obtained To Date Indicate Strong Potential
• Major Challenge Is Applicability To Varying Ambient Conditions
- Possible On-board Model Adaptation
• Next Steps Include The Application To Standard ECU
Acknowledgements
• Department of Energy Headquarters
- Gurpreet Singh
- Roland Gravel
• National Energy Technology Laboratory
- Carl Maronde
- Jeffrey Kooser
• Atkinson, LLC
- Chris Atkinson
- Gregory Mott
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