New pathways

to reduce

industrial

greenhouse gas

emissions.

Next Generation Capture Technologies

Naoko Ellis, Ph.D., P.Eng.Goran Vlajnic, P.Eng.

Content

• Carbon Capture Technologies and Advances

• Post-combustion Carbon Capture

» Sorbent Technology

» Membrane Technology

• Carbon Capture and Conversion Institute

• Utilization

2

3http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/ukccsrc/what-is-ccs/capture.html

Carbon Capture Technologies

Advances in CO2 capture technology—The U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Sequestration Program ☆

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2008, 9–20

Innovative CO2 Capture Technologies

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5

Post-Combustion Carbon Capture

BarriersCost:

• Economically generating clean energy using fossil fuels

• Complexity of integration with legacy equipment

• Footprint

Performance:

• Achieve performance targets by 2030

Environment:

• Meet near-zero emissions with minimal cost impact

Market:

• Low economic growth

• Lower natural gas price

Regulation:

• Uncertainties

Miller et al., AIChE (2015) DOI 10.1002/aic.15066

6

Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Challenges

Miller et al., AIChE (2015) DOI 10.1002/aic.15066

7

Common (commercial) Sorbents

Sorbent Pore diameter (nm)

BET surface area (m2/g)

CO2 cap. wt%, 25⚬C, 250 mmHg

Regenerationtemp, ⚬C

Activated carbon (various pores)

1-2.5 (small)>3 (large)

400-1200200-600

57

Zeolites 0.3-0.8 650-700 6-16 120-350

Silica gel (variouspores)

2.2-2.6 (small)10-15 (large)

800 (small)320 (large)

3 130-280

MOFs 0.4-2.4 150-6200 4-15 25-80

Ion exchange resins <1-12 15-120 60

Amine-based 8-40 5-500 5-14 80-120

Hydrotalcites 2-20 16-290 - 120-400

Chemisorbents:CaO-based; MgO-based

0.2-20 250-1250 - 700-920 (CaO)150-500 (MgO)

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Common (commercial) Sorbents

Desirable properties of sorbents for CO2 capture:• high adsorption capacity• high carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivity• good mechanical strength• stable adsorption capacity after cycles• adequate adsorption/desorption kinetics

Yong et al., Separation and Purification Technology, 26 (2-3), 195-2015 (2002)

9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Number of cycles

% E

ffic

ien

cy

Cadomin1 (adsorption)Cadomin1 (desorption)Li2SiO4/HAc (adsorption)Li2SiO4/HAc (desorption)Li2SiO4/HAc (adsorption-2nd run)Li2SiO4/HAc (desorption-2nd run)

Limestone vs synthetic sorbentsCO2 capture efficiency

Limestone and its pellets:Acetification and Al(OH)3 binder promoting higher CO2 capture capacity

Prepared coating of shells of mesostructured SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2 and SiO2-ZrO2, CaCO3 or Cadomin particles

Chemical looping unit:Operatability tested using limestone

Attrition testing units

Calcined Limestone Carbonate at 1130th Cycle

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Membrane Technology

Desirable properties of membrane for CO2 capture:• high carbon dioxide permeability• high carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivity• thermally and chemically resistance• plasticisation resistance• aging resistance• cost effective• ability to be cheaply manufactured into different membrane modules

(a) Wang and Han, Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2 (3) (2012) DOI:10.4236/aces.2012.23039• Powell and Qiao Journal of Membrane Science, 279, 1 (2006)• http://www.ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/2014-TR4.pdf

Technology TRL Prospects to reduce the levelized cost of electricity increase for capture

Polymeric membranes 6 30%

Polymeric membrane/cryogenic separation hybrid

6 Similar or better than polymeric membrane alone

IEAGHG reported on TRL (2014):

Recent trend: Polymer-solid adsorbent materials including zeolites or MOFs

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To accelerate successful pilot projects:• Increase technical readiness level through well coupled experiment and

modeling efforts• Rapidly synthesize and test materials• Transformational CO2 capture concepts likely to integrate multiple

technologies• Collect lab scale data to create a predictive model to assist in scale-up

Transformational Carbon Capture Systems

Miller et al., AIChE, 62 (1), 2-10 (2015) DOI 10.1002/aic.15066

Not-for-profit focused on eliminating industrial carbon emissions

Owned by NORAM Engineering, operates the Technology Commercialization and Innovation Centre to develop novel capture and conversion innovations

UBC’s interdisciplinary research, innovation and education centre focused on sustainable energy

Unique Partnership

• Develop, integrate, adapt, pilot and scale-up industrial process technologies for GHG emissions mitigation

• Reduce cost of CO2 capture and convert to beneficial products

• Work with domestic & global researchers to convert bench/batch to continuous processes

• De-risk technologies and integrate component technologies into solutions for industry to use

IDEAS TO IMPACT

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• Office Space 8400sqft• Laboratory 3,500sqft• Pilot Plant 25,000sqft (33ft height)

• Class 1 Div 1 Area 2,000sqft

• 10 inch water supply, 3 inch distribution • 2 inch natural gas line with 2 inch distribution • 1 inch airline • 1 inch hot water supply and return • 30 KVA hot water boiler• 1200 Amp 600 V electrical service• 3 - 200 amp/600 V breakers • 200 KVA low voltage transformer• Grated trench to collection sump

UBC

Vancouver International Airport (YVR)

TCIC at Mitchell Is.

Technology Commercialization & Innovation Centre

Technology and Commercialization Innovation Centre (TCIC)

UBC – CO2 Capture and Conversion Project (production of sodium bicarbonate)

Key Challenges:

-Potential production of Hydrogen

-Custom design of a novel electrochemical cell-stack

-Significant source of electricity

16

Peter Englezos, Ph.D.

peter.englezos@ubc.ca

Hydrate Based Gas Separation from Flue Gas Mixture

17Vaidhyanathan, R.; Iremonger, S. S.; Dawson, K. W.; Shimizu, G. K. H. Chem. Commun. 2009, 5230–2.

Zinc

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

George Shimizu, Ph.D.

gshimizu@ucalgary.ca

High gas selectivity and tolerance to moisture

MOFs for CO2 Capture

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BFB

BagHouse

Up

Solids

Knock-Out

Drum

CO Monitor 1

Remote CO

Sensor

Rupture

Disk

TO

Ro

of-T

op

Bu

rne

r

Steam

Super

heater

BFB Burner

CFB

BagHouse

Flue Gas

CFB

Burner

Syngas

PPC116 Roof

CO Monitor 2

Up

Power

Box

Signal

Box

BFB Natural GasBFB Air

CFB Natural Gas

CFB Air

CF

B

BF

B

Burner Control

Boxes

TO

Exh

au

st

Air Preheater

Syngas Cooler

Control Panel

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Chemical Looping Systems for CO2 Capture

Pilot plant at the University of British Columbia

20http://scotproject.org/aim-and-scope

CO2 Utilization

21http://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/accelerating-uptake-ccs-industrial-use-captured-carbon-dioxide/appendix-f-co2-feedstock

Direct Flue Gas Mineralization

22http://www.markyoungdesign.co.uk/?page_id=20

Circular Economy

WE’RE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER

Canada’s decarbonization pathway relies heavily on ‘nexgen’ technologies,

increasing the risk profile of the pathway.

Additional innovation, both at home and abroad, will be needed to fully realize

this pathway.

23Pathways to Deep Decarbonization in Canada – Phase 2 Draft for comment (CMC LCPG)

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Contact

Goran Vlajnic, PEng

President

Goran.Vlajnic@cmcghg.com

Naoko Ellis, PhD, PEng

Professor

naoko.ellis@ubc.ca