newlink technical training cabling systems newlink copyrights 2003 j1

NEWLINK Technical Training

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Copyrights 2003

J1

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Objetive

Prepare participants to take the Certified Installer Test

Introduce concepts and requirements in Wireless Installations

Authorize Certified Installers for NEWMAX Warranty Program

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Benefits

Get free technical support for your projects

Get NEWMAX Warranty for your jobs

Receive updates and news from our Industry

Receive Sales Leads contacts in your Area

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

As a NEWMAX CERTIFIED INSTALLER receive the benefits of our team of professionals

Cabling Systems

NEWLINKCabling Systems

NEWLINK

Contents

Telecommunications Basics Physical Media : Copper, Fiber Optics Standards reviews TIA/EIA 568, 569, 606 Testing Procedures for UTP and Fiber Optics Wireless Networks Guidelines Practice with NEWLINK products NEWLINK Certification Test

Cabling Systems


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For the End-user• Good installation practice endorsement• Simplified Effective Troubleshooting• Organized network makes Moves & Changes easier

For the IT management• Defined life-cycle investment• Fullfillment of international standards• Follows globally used technology trends for future applications• Quality assurance, based on 100% circuits testing

For the Certified Installer• Well trained personnel saves money• NEWMAX 25-years Warranty gives ADDED VALUE

Importance of Certified Jobs

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NEWLINKSchedule

DAY 1

• Introduction to Networking• Standard TIA/EIA 568 Summary• Testing UTP and Fiber Installations• Standards 569 and 606 Summary

DAY 2

• Fiber Termination Laboratory• Wireless Technology• Seminar Test

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Introduction to Networking

Cabling Systems

NEWLINKTelecommunication’s Evolution

Electricity Based Telecommunications

1844 Samuel Morse : Telegraph and Morse Code 1860 Thomas A. Edison : Printing Telegraph 1876 Alexander G. Bell : Telephone, starts the Bell Company 1889 Almon B. Strowger : Dialer Telephone 1890 Herman Hollerith : Punched Cards for Computing 1905 Emile Baudot : Teletype (TTY) and Baudot Code 1911 Guillermo Marconi : Radiotelegraphy 1948 Bell Labs : Invention of the Transistor

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1950 First Computers 1960 First Modems and Fiber Optics experiences 1962 Time Sharing concept development 1966 Standard Codes ASCII ... UNICODE, IBM EBCDIC 1969 EIA RS-232C (recommended standard) 1972 First commercial VDTs 1977 Telephony equipment multivendor aperture through FCC

Part 68 1978 First PCs 1983 PC/AT Arquitecture, first IBM clones and MS-DOS 1984 Break Out of Telephony monopoly in USA 1985 First Telecommunication Cabling Standards 1990 Internet

Telecommunication’s Evolution

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1991 CAT 3 - 16 Mhz 1994 CAT 4 – 1995 First WLANs 1997 CAT 5 - 100 Mhz 1998 NEWLINK USA 1999 Vo/IP Apllications 2000 CAT 5E - 100 Mhz enhanced 2002 CAT 6 - 250 Mhz 2003 Fiber Optics Enhanced for 10 Giga

Currently a Task Force Group is working in thedevelopment of a 10Gigabit Ethernet overCopper (P802.an) standard expected by the end of

2006.

Telecommunication’s Evolution

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Telecomm DATAVOICE

IMAGES

SIGNALS

The Early Evolution was isolated…

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DATAVOICE

IMAGES

SIGNALS

Then Interacting…

Digital TV, Telex,

Digital cameras

Broadband Video

Access Control, Smart Cards, Digital Security

Fax, Multimedia, DVD, video-conference

Digitized Voice, VoIP, Music on demand

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DATA

VOICEIMAGES

SIGNALS

Outside Plant / Off-Premises Systems

Telephony

Intercoms

Public Address Systems ( PAS)

Music

Cellular technology Internet - Intranet

Data Transmission

Communication Services

Wireless Networks

Audio visual Integrated Systems

CATV, CCTV, Digital TV, TV-SAT

Hospitality Systems

Medical Imaging

Dictaphones

Beepers

Hospital Nurse Calling Systems

Time Control Systems

Access Control and Surveillance

Alarm panels, burglary, monitoring

Personal Protection Systems

Automation, Instrumentation, Control

Now

Integrated

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Telecomm

Simplified Telecommunications Model

Transmitter

Receiver

Message to be Sent

Physical Media

Received Message

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Telecomm

The Basic Issue in Telecommunications

Message

Degradation

Distortion

Interruption

Delays

Transmitter

Receiver

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What Happens ?

Tx Rx

Noise EMI, RFI

Atenuationlength, frequency

Limited Power Limited Sensitivity

Transmitted signal Received Signal

Noise overcomes Signal !!

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Telecommunication Requirements

Signal Transmission Level

Media Noise Level

Signal Reception Level

ACR

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Telecomm

Data Transmission

Transmitter Receiver

Data Packet

Interference

Message Integrity

Communication Speed

Shared Time

Confirmation of Delivery

Automatic Routing

Encoding / Encripting

Low Cost

....11001110... ....11001110...

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NEWLINKInternetworking Global Reach, multiprotocol, multi technology ...

LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

WEB

ISP

LAN

Ethernet, Token Ring

FDDI, SONET, ARCnet, BACnet, LONtalk

X.25, TCP/IP, ATM

Frame Relay, ISDN

PSTN

V32, ISDN

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NEWLINKWhat is coming on ?

Complete Integration of Signals, Voice, Images, Data

Higher Speeds

More efficient Protocols

All Media Capacity Utilization

Crescent Use of Fiber Optics

Smarter Switches and Equipment

Great development for Wireless Technologies

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NEWLINKVision ...

Integrated Telecommunications over a common architecture, moving large amounts of Information (data packets) with reliability, quality over High-Speed Paths.

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What is Structured Cabling ?

Passive Installation of Cables and Connectors

Organized and Systematic

Follows International Standards and Procedures

Generic Model Open to diverse Applications

Use well defined Elements, parts and tools

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STRUCTURED CABLING

CODES & STANDARDS

CABLES AND COMPONENTS

SPACES

CONNECTIVITY

TESTING PROCEDURES

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Telecomm

BENEFITS

MANUFACTURERS

USERS

BUILDING CONTRACTORS

SUMMARY :

Performance Level Guaranteed

Documented Easy Moves & Changes Adm

Simple Maintenance

Generic Cabling brings Flexibility

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STANDARDS & CODES

ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.x

TIA/EIA 569 A

TIA/EIA 606

TIA/EIA 607

TESTING PROCEDURES TSB-67

ANSI : American National Standards Institute

EIA : Electronic Industries Alliance

TIA : Telecommunications Industry Association

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Standard 568

• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.1, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard: Part 1, General Requirements• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.1-1, Minimum 4-Pair UTP and 4-Pair ScTP Patch Cable Bend Radius, Addendum 1 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.1• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.1-2, Grounding and Bonding Specifications for Screened Horizontal Cabling, Addendum 2 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.1• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.2, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard: Part 2, Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Standard• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.2-1, Transmission Performance Specifications for 4-Pair 100 Ohm Category 6 Cabling• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.2-2, Addendum 2 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.2; Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard -Part 2: BalancedTwisted-Pair Cabling Components• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.3, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard: Part 3, Optical Fiber Cabling Components• ANSI /TI A/EI A-568-B.3-1, Additional Transmission Performance Specifications for 50/125 m Optical Fiber Cables

Standard 569

• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A, Standard, Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-1, Addendum 1 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A; Perimeter Pathways Addendum• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-2, Addendum 2 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A; Furniture Pathways Fill Addendum• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-3, Addendum 3 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A; Revision to Clause 4.3, Access Floors• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-4, Poke-Thru Fitting Addendum• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-5, Addendum 5 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A; Commercial Building Standard For Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-6, Addendum 6 to ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A; Multi-tenant Pathways and Spaces Addendum• ANSI /TI A/EI A-569-A-7, Commercial Building Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces, Addendum 7 -Cable Trays and Wireways

Standard 606 -607

• ANSI /TI A/EI A-606, Administration Standards for Commercial Telecommunications I nfrastructure (Pending)• ANSI /TI A/EI A-606-A, Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications/ I nfrastructures (Pending)• ANSI /TI A/EI A-607, Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications

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Standards

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TIA / EIA - 568

Telecommunications Standard for Commercial Buildings

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Parts

TIA / 568 B.1 - Structured Cabling Guidelines TIA / 568 B.2 - Specifications for Manufacturing UTP TIA / 568 B.3 - Specifications for Fiber Optics +

Components

TIA / EIA - 568

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TIA / EIA - 568

Criteria

Mandatory : must be implemented

Desirable : is a recommendation

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TIA / EIA - 568

Purpose

Specify Generic Cabling System Multiuser, multiparty environment Makes easier installation planning Defines minimum performance levels

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TIA / EIA - 568

Scope

Commercial Buildings Campus Backbone Area up to 1’000,000 m2 Population up to 50,000 usuarios Application for Voice, Data, Signaling, Video, Audio 10-year Life Cycle Horizon

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Telecomm

Elements

HORIZONTAL CABLING

VERTICAL CABLING

WORK AREA

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM / CLOSET

EQUIPMENT ROOM

SERVICES ENTRY

TIA / EIA-568-B.1

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Elements

TR

IC

ER

SE

Work Area

Telecommunications Room

Intermediate Closet

Equipment Room

Service Entry

WA

Building A

Building B

TR

SE TR

TR

TR

TR

ER

WA

WA

IC

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1

Elements

HUB

Voice

Data

Horizontal Cabling

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Elements

Vertical Cabling

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Space destinated to the users of peripheral equipment.

As a rule of thumb an Area of 10 sq. Meter must be destinated for each Work Area.

Work Area defines where to put the faceplates loaded with jacks or connectors to be user-administrated.

Work Area / Workstation

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Destinated to host all the IT processing equipment.

This Area is to be used by the Servers, PBX and all the equipment related to the IT Processing.

Areas are determined by the TIA/EIA 569 standard

Depending upon the size and complexity of the installation it could performs also as a TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM.

Equipment Room

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Destinated to Racks, Cabinets containing the Cross-connects and some networking equipment at the beginning of the Horizontal Cabling.

Areas are determined by the TIA/EIA 569 standard

Depending upon the size and complexity of the installation it could perform as a EQUIPMENT ROOM at the same time.


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Contains the Entry Cross-Connect that isolates external lines from internal LANs.

Electrical protection, fuses and suppresors shall be considered at this point as required by the National Electrical Code.

Define the Limit of Responsibilities for Third Party Outside Services.

LAN Outside Services

Services Entry

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TR

IC

ER

SE

Work Area


Intermediate Closet

Equipment Room

Service Entry

WA

Building A

Building B

TR

SE TR

TR

TR

TR

ER

WA

WA

IC

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Horizontal Cabling Guidelines

Extends from Telecom Room to Work Area Includes : Cross-connects, Cabling, Connectors Optionally : MuTOA, Consolidation Points

Maximum Length Channel Configuration (including Patch Cords) = 100 m Permanent Link (without Patch Cords) = 90 m

Recommended number of outlets 2 outlets per Work Area as minimum 1 shall be CAT 3 or superior 1 shall be CAT 5E or superior

3

5

7

4

6

8

12

3

5

7

4

6

8

12

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Cross-Connection

Links Cable Segments using Patch Cords or Wire Jumpers

Could consist of Patch Panels or other IDC connecting devices

Exists in 3 hierarchy levels : Horizontal XC, Intermediate XC, Main XC

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Minimum consider the following Systems at Design Stage: Voice / Phone, Data, Video, Other (Fire Alarm, BAS, etc)

Horizontal Cabling is the most extensive, hard to modify installation, thus select pathways and routes is critical over the entire life-cycle.

Consider extra room for future growing and changes.

Follows all the guidelines for Pathways and Space Use as per ANSI/EIA/TIA-569 A.

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Horizontal Cabling Guidelines

Maximum distance covered by Horizontal Cabling is 100 meter.

A maximum of 90 meter is allowed from Telecommunications Room to Work Area.

Patch cord’s length shall no exceed 5 meter in each segment end.

A total of 10 meter is permited for all Patch Cords over the Horizontal segment.

Additional restrictions apply when using optional Consolidation Point or MuTOA configurations.

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CT

AT

MAX: 90 m

STAR Topology

MIN: 15 m

CPConsolidation

Point(optional)

AT

AT

MIN: 5 m

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Optional Maximum One Consolidation Point per Horizontal Link.

Minimum Distance from Telecommunications Room to Consolidation Point is 15 meter.

Minimum Distance from Consolidation Point to Work Area is 5 meter.

All connections at Consolidation Point shall be of the IDC type.

Splices are forbidden on UTP or STP copper cables.

Up to two (2) splices are allowed when using Optical Fiber.

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UTP cables must be terminated with its 4 pair completed connected at both ends of the cable.

RJ45 jacks with Eight (8) conductors must be used for all Horizontal Terminations.

All connectors shall be of the IDC kind termination.

Shielded-jacket cables must connect the shield at one end only. When connecting both ends an unwanted antenna effect appears.

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All the cables routed and connected at the Work Area shall have a correspondent connection at the Telecommunications Room.

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It is strongly recommended that Work Areas be attended from the closer Telecommunications Room located on the same floor.

Do not install any electrical service inside the telecommunications conduit or raceways.

Keep recommended distances between power circuits and devices and the bundles of communications cables.

For Testing and Certification purposes Structured Cabling Systems ends when it is connected to an Active Equipment.

Splitters, adapters and connectors other than RJ45 plugs are considered not part of the Structured Cabling Systems.

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RECOMMENDED CABLES– Twisted-pair, balanced, 4-pair, 100 Ohm :

UTP - Unshielded Twisted-PairScTP – Screened Twisted Pair

– 2 Optical Fibers (Tx / Rx) :multimode 50 /125 ummultimode 62,5/125 um

RECOGNIZED CABLES– ScTP with 150 ohm called: STP-A– Hybrid Cables (UTP + FO) in one jacket, individually each cable

shall meet ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-B.2

TIA / EIA – 568-B.1


Cabling Systems


UTP - Unshielded Twisted-Pair

• Four (4) Balanced Pair cable• 100 Ohms Characteristic Impedance• Intereference Protection by Twisting

the conductors• Most used, most cost-effective

• Performance Categories – 3 up to 16Mhz– 5E up to 100Mhz– 6 up to 250Mhz

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Multimode Optical Fiber:

– 50 um o 62.5 um / 125 um core/cladding– Maximum Length: 90 Mts– Uses LED as light source– Wavelength / Modal Bandwidth

• 850 nm (3.5 db/km) / 200 Mhz-km• 1300 nm (1.0 db/km) / 500 Mhz-km

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TR

IC

ER

SE

Work Area


Intermediate Closet

Equipment Room

Service Entry

WA

Building A

Building B

TR

SE TR

TR

TR

TR

ER

WA

WA

IC

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Vertical Cabling - Backbone

Includes interconnections between:– Horizontal Cross-connects– Intermediate Cross-Connects – Main Cross-connects

All the links between Horizontal Cablings and Backbone Cabling must use Cross-connection.

MXC

XC

IC

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Use Hierarchical Star Topology

A maximum of two levels is permitted

Star arrangement makes troubleshooting easier

MXC

IC

XC

HC HC HC

XC XC

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Interconnects all the Telecommunications Rooms with the Equipment Room

Connect the Service Entry with the Backbone matrix

Includes inter-building links in Campus configuration

Bldg A

Bldg B

Bldg C

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Vertical Cabling - Backbone

Select the routes using the TIA/EIA-569A guidelines

All cross connects shall be of the IDC type

Optical Fiber could be spliced several times everytime Total Insertion Loss remains below the Maximum allowed

Combined lenght of patch cord to not exceed 15 m

Active equipment could be used to extend the range for the Vertical Cabling.

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Recognized Cables– Multipair UTP de 22 – 24

AWG– Optical Fiber Multimode– Optical Fiber Single-mode

Distancias Máximas:– UTP 800 m - Voice– UTP 90 m - Data– Multimode 2000 m– Single-mode 3000 m

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Backbone Distances

HC

A

ES

BHC

IC

MC

CHorizontal Cross-connect ...... HC

Intermediate X-connect ..... IC

Main Cross-connect .......... MC

Fiber Single-mode

Fiber Multimode

UTP Balanced - DATA

UTP Balanced - VOICE

A B C

800

90

2000

3000

300

90

300

300

500

90

1700

2700

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Optical Fiber Single-mode:• 8.3 um / 125 um core/cladding• Distance 3,000 m (50 Km in telephony)• Use LASER emitters • Wavelenght / Bandwidth

– 1310 nm (1.0 db/km) / MHz-km “unlimited”– 1383 nm (1.0 db/km) / MHz-km “unlimited”– 1550 nm (1.0 db/km) / MHz-km “unlimited”

TIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Vertical Cabling - Backbone

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Telecommunication Room

Area destinated to Telecomunications Services Only

Its main function is to host Cabling endings and inter-connects

Host all the “Cross Connects” :• Horizontal – Active Equipment• Horizontal - Vertical (voice connections)• Vertical – Active Equipment• Vertical - Vertical (Intermediate Connects)

Dimensions and specifications by EIA/TIA-569 A

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Work Area

Designed for user flexibility

Uses a minimum of 2 outlets per each Workstation

Permits optionally the use of MuTOA (Multiuser Telecomm Outlet Assemblies)

The use of MuTOA use a special formula to compute the maximum patch cord’s length.

For design purposes consider an Area of 10 sq. Meter for each Work Area.

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TIA / EIA – 568-B.1

Equipment Room

Must contain the main “HUB”

Could contain the MCC and share functions of Telecommunication’s Room in the same space.

Contains the Servers, PBX, Telecom Equipment, all the IT equipment.

Generally requires a controlled temperature, air humidity, power stability, safety, etc.

Must be designed following TIA/EIA-569 Guidelines

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MEDIA : UTP, coaxial, multi-pair, optical fiber

CONNECTORS : jacks, patch panels, plugs

ORGANIZERS : vertical, horizontal, front/rear

SUPPORT : cabinets, racks, boxes, shelves

TIA / EIA – 568-B.2 Cabling Components

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Requisites for Connectors:– Materials– Smoke Emission– Dimensions and tolerances– Electrical characteristics – Performance by TIA/EIA-568-B.3– Marking CAT 5, 6, OFNR, etc– Connect / Disconnect # of cycles

TIA / EIA – 568-B.2 Cabling Components

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Requisites for the cable:– Conductor Materials– Jacket materials– Fire Resistance Properties– Dimensions and Tolerances– Wire section area AWG– Electrical characteristics – Performance by TIA/EIA-568-B.3– Marking CAT 5, 6, OFNR, etc

TIA / EIA – 568-B.2

Cabling Components

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.2 Cabling Components

Connecting Devices in Structured Cabling Systems shall be of the IDC (Insulation Displacement Connection) type.

Including:– Jacks in Outlets– Jacks in Patch Panels– Connecting Blocks– Consolidation or Transition

Points

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TIA / EIA - 568

Media :

TWISTED PAIRS

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NEWLINKBandwidth, Categories & Classes

Bandwidth (MHz) ANSI/TIA/EIA Data Rate Aplication

1 CAT 1 64 kbps POTS, EIA 232

10 CAT 2 4 Mbps Token Ring

16 CAT 3 10 Mbps Ethernet

20 CAT 4 25 Mbps ARCNet, ATM

100 CAT 5 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet

100 CAT 5E 155 Mbps 155 ATM

250 CAT 6 Class E Gigabit Ethernet

600* CAT 7* Class F Class F

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568 UTP Cable – 4 Pairs

3

5

7

4

6

8

1

2

3

5

7

4

6

8

1

2

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Standard Terminations

Par 3

Par 1

Par 2

Par 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Par 2Par 1

Par 3

Par 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

T568A

T568B

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1, B.2 Cabling Components

Patch Cords shall use stranded cables

Must match the same Category as the Horizontal UTP Cable and connectors.

Must be NEWLINK in order to included them for the NEWMAX 25-years Warranty

Performance Limits are the same that those who corresponds to UTP solid conductors except by the Insertion Loss / Attenuation that is greater.

Cabling Systems


Attenuation

Decay of the signal power measured by comparing Input against Output levels.

Represents the power of signal available at the far end of the cable.

Is expressed in decibels (dB).

∆P = -10 logS2

S1

S1 S2

where S2 < S1

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Attenuation Each 3 dB step power doubles Each 10 dB step power multiplies by 10

Example: Output Level = 0 dB Media Attenuation = -25 dB Received Signal (%) = 0,31% !!

P

dB

100%

50%

25%12,5%

6,25%

-3 -6 -9 -12

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Depends on :– Media Type– Transmission Frequency– Temperature (mainly with UTP)

– Geometry, Shape (both UTP and Fiber)

– Conductor Section (AWG), Core Type (FO)– Electrical Characteristics – Humidity– Other

TIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Attenuation

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568 Attenuation

Frequency Cat 3 (dB) Cat 5 (dB) Cat 6 (dB)

1.0 2.6 2.1 2.1

4.0 5.6 4.0 3.9

10.0 9.7 6.3 6.2

16.0 13.1 8.2 7.8

20.0 -- 9.2 8.8

31.25 -- 11.5 11.1

100.0 -- 21.6 20.7

200 -- -- 30.4

250 -- -- 32.0

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568

Attenuation

Frequency (MHz)

dB

0 50

100 250150 200

ATTENUATION

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568-B.1 Next-End CrossTalk: NEXT

Unwanted Signal coupling between adjacent pairs Is expressed in dB Diminishes with the Frequency Crosstalk exists only in metallic conductors Larger NEXT values indicates more capacity to transmit

higher power levels without interference with other pairs NEXT failures founded during Testing process

correspond to cable and connector terminations mainly

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA – 568 NEXT

Frequency

Cat 3 (dB) Cat 5 (dB) Cat 6 (dB)

1.0 41.0 60.0 65.0

4.0 32.0 54.8 64.1

10.0 26.0 48.5 57.8

16.0 23.0 45.2 54.6

20.0 -- 43.7 53.1

31.25 -- 40.5 50.0

100.0 -- 32.3 41.8

200 -- -- 36.9

250 -- -- 35.3

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NEXT

Frequency (MHz)

dB

0 50

100 250150 200

NEXT

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Available Bandwidth

Frequency (MHz)

dB

0 50

100 250150 200

ACR

NEXT

ATTENUATION

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TIA / EIA TSB-67

Technical Specifications for

Field Testing

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TIA / EIA TSB-67Introduction

Define the different Tests that are required for UTP and FO

Documents Quality Controls

Designed for the TIA/EIA-568 Installations

NOTE

Formally the requirements for the TSB-67 have been incorporated to the body of the

TIA/EIA-568.B-2 standard, but it is mentioned frequently as a reference.

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TSB 67 Specifies the Performance requirements for a Link Defines:

Test Models Test Procedures Results Interpretation

Tester automatically contrast results with laboratory parameters

TIA / EIA TSB-67Scope

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TIA / EIA TSB-67Applicability

Suitable for :

4-Balaced Pairs type UTP, 100 Ohms

4-Balaced Pairs type ScTP, 100 Ohms Cable de 4 pares

Only applicable for Horizontal Cabling

Specific Tests exist for each Category of cable: 3, 5E, 6

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67The Points of Failure

1

A B

15 16142

3 5 6

4

7

89

10

11

POINT OF FAILURE BY ORIGIN:

• INSTRUMENTS A, B

• PATCH CORDS 1, 2, 3 – 9, 10, 11

• WORKMANSHIP 5 , 7

• PATCH PANEL / JACKS 4 , 8

• CABLE 6

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NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67The Workmanship on the Patch Panel

Excesive untwist length

Poor Insertion / IDC• Bad color addressing

• Different color scheme for the same cable ends

Cabling Systems


NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67The Workmanship on the RJ-45 Jack

Excessive untwisted

Poor Insertion / IDC• T568A Scheme

• T568B Scheme

Cabling Systems

NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67 Bandwidth, Categories & Classes

Bandwidth (MHz) ANSI/TIA/EIA Data Rate Application

1 CAT 1 64 kbps POTS, EIA 232

10 CAT 2 4 Mbps Token Ring

16 CAT 3 10 Mbps Ethernet

20 CAT 4 25 Mbps ARCNet, ATM

100 CAT 5 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet

100 CT 5E 155 Mbps 155 ATM

250 CAT 6 Class E Gigabit Ethernet

600* CAT 7* Class F Class F

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Standard Models :

• Permanent Link• Channel Test

TIA / EIA TSB-67 Testing Practices

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TIA / EIA TSB-67Testing Practices

Permanent Link– Cross Connect– UTP Cable permanently installed– Outlet Jacks

Channel Test– All of the Above plus:– Patch cord in the Cross-connect– Patch cable used in the Work Area

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Telecomm. Closet

90 m

Work Area

XC Fp

PERMANENT LINK

Use the Instrument Patch Cords


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Telecomm.Closet

90 m

Work Area

XC Fp

CHANNEL TEST

Use the Patch Cords destinated to such specific

Work Area


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NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67Testing Practices

During Installation

– Check for continuity inmediatly after connecting both ends of the cable

– More than 80% of the fails corresponds to an unproper termination (open wires, shorted wires, swapping pairs)

After Job Conclusion

– Test First for Permanent Link at corresponding Category– If results are OK Test then for Channel configuration– Use current calibrated instruments only

Cabling Systems


NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67Testing Practices

Testing CAT 6 and CAT 5E links requires improved accuracy from portable certification equipment.

Performance Level III Field Testers are required.

It is very important to consider that equipment must be in optimal operating conditions to get valid measurements.

Set Calibration and good condition for connectors or adapters is a must.

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Pair 2

12

T568A T568B

Pair 334

56

78

Pair 1 Pair 1

Pair 4 Pair 4

Pair 3 Pair 2

Wire Map / Mapping

Check straight termination pin-to-pin.

Verify: Proper pin termination at each end, Continuity to the remote end, Shorts between any two or more conductors, Crossed pairs, Split pairs, Reversed pairs, Shorted pairs.

TIA / EIA TSB-67Definitions

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

ScTP Shield Continuity

This Test applies only for Shielded Cables. The test consist in verify the consistency for the metallic shield covering the telecommunications pairs.


Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Length / NVP Based

Permanent Link TestMaximum 90 m

Complete Channel TestMaximum 100 m


Depending upon the Model under Test, it allows two different results:

• 100 m including all the elements from patch cord to patch cord• 90 m correspondent only to the Permanent Link segment

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Insertion Loss (Attenuation)

Is the measure representing the level of signal loss along the different elements “inserted” in the link.

Insertion Loss includes the losses of the patch cords when running the Channel Test.

It is expressed in terms of Decibels (dB) for easy comparission.

Insertion Losses = Li <i=1 ..n>

-L1 dB

-L2 dB

-L3 dB -L4 dB

-L

5

dB

-L7 dB-L dB

6


Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

CROSS-TALK

When a current flows through a wire, an electromagnetic field is created which can interfere with signals on adjacent wires.

As frequency increases, this effect becomes stronger.

Each pair is twisted because this allows opposing fields in the wire pair to cancel each other. The tighter the twist, the more effective the cancellation and the higher the data rate supported by the cable.

Maintaining this twist ratio is the single most important factor for a successful installation.


Interferent Magnetic field is proportional to the current in the conductor and grows with the frequency

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

CROSS-TALK

Cross-Talk is the interference transfered from a telecommunication’s pair to other adjacent pairs. Those pairs may belong to the same cable in a multi-pair cable or to a bundle of cables (allien cross-talk).

Cross-Talk depends upon the transmission power level, cable geometry and the impedance of the telecommunication conductors. It also increases with an increase of frequency and length (when it is evaluated in the far-end of the cable).

It is expressed in dB showing the relationship between the received-to-transmitted signal ratio.


NEXT FEXT

TX Signal

Weaked Signal

Coupled Interference Coupled Interference

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

NEXT / Near End Cross-Talk

Measures the ratio between unwanted coupled interference and intended to transmit signal.

It is measured showing the effect of each pair over the others assuming that such effect is symmetrical from pair-A to pair-B as from pair-B over pair-A.

NEXT is evaluated in both cable ends.


Pair 2

12

34

56

78

Pair 1 Pair 3/1

Pair 3

MEASUREMENT

Pair 2/1 Pair 4/1

Pair 4/2Pair 3/2

Pair 4/3

Tx

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

PS-NEXT / Powersum

Pair 2

12

34

56

78

Pair 1 Pair 3/1 +

Pair 3

SIMULTANEOUS EFFECT

Pair 2/1 + Pair 4/1

Pair 4/2Pair 3/2

Tx

Pair 1/2

Pair 4/3Pair 2/3Pair 1/3

Pair 4 Pair 3/4Pair 2/4Pair 1/4

Power sum Near-End Crosstalk adds the effect caused by each transmission over 1 pair simultaneously.

This is important to consider since Gigabit Ethernet because it utilizes the 4-pairs in a UTP cable to aggregate the required throughput and transmission is full-duplex. Once again it must be evaluated at both cable ends.


Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

FEXT / Far End Cross-Talk

Far-End Crosstalk evaluates the effect of transmitted signal at the other end over an adjacent cable.

It is important because signal diminishes with the distance but interference cumulates power along the cable resulting in a wider and higher interference at the far end against a weak transmitted signal.


Pair 2

12

34

56

78

Pair 1 Pair 3/1

Pair 3

MEASUREMENT

Pair 2/1 Pair 4/1

Pair 4/2Pair 3/2Tx Pair 1/2

Pair 4/3Pair 2/3Pair 1/3

Pair 4 Pair 3/4Pair 2/4Pair 1/4

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

PS-FEXT / Powersum

Evaluates the simultaneous effect of FEXT adding the interference coming from each pair.

With Powersum evaluation the combined effect is measured simulating one of the worst operating conditions.

12

34

56

78

Pair 1 Pair 3/1 +

SIMULTANEOUS EFFECT

Pair 2/1 + Pair 4/1

Tx


Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

ACR / Attenuation to Cross-talk Ratio

ACR is a computed value resulting from measured NEXT and ATTENUATION :

ACR = NEXT (dB) - ATTENUATION (dB)

ACR brings a reference for the MAXIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL that is possible to transmit in order to get an enough signal level at the remote cable end.

NEXT stands here to limit this MAXIMUM inside tolerances; while ATTENUATION demands more signal power to compensate the signal reduction along runnings.

ACR establish the real Media capability to carry Signals, and shows how this capability is affected in function of Transmission Frequencies .


Cabling Systems

NEWLINKTIA / EIA TSB-67Definitions

Frequency (MHz)

dB

0 50

100 250150 200

ACR

NEXT

ATTENUATION

ACR: how much stronger the signal could be than the background noise at the Transmitter end.

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

ELFEXT / Equal Level Far End Cross-Talk

ELFEXT is another computed magnitud based on FEXT and ATTENUATION:

ELFEXT = FEXT (dB) - ATTENUATION (dB)

It is derived by subtracting the attenuation of the disturbing pair from the Far End Crosstalk (FEXT) this pair induces in an adjacent pair. This normalizes the results for length.

El PS-FEXT considers the cumulative effect of simultaneous transmission over the 4-pair.


Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

PROPAGATION DELAY

When a signal propagates through a conductor it does not travel at the theoretical c: speed of light in the vacuum, but at a NPV Net propagation Velocity expressed as a factor of such c.

Typically a NPV between 65% to 90% is obtained over copper twisted pairs.

Testers measures the total amount of time taked by a signal to complete its travel end-to-end.

550 ns

580 ns

510 ns

535 ns


Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

DELAY SKEW

Because each pair has a different total length, the delay obtained from each pair differs from each other.

This parameter evaluates the difference between the faster and the slower pairs.

It is specially important for transmission protocols that use the 4 pairs in a full-duplex context.

550 ns

580 ns

510 ns

535 ns


Delay skew = 580 – 510 = 70 ns

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

RETURN LOSS

To transfer energy from one media to other it is neccesary that a proper impedance matching exists between the two medias.

As perfect matching is pure theory, normally the most of the signal pass ahead and a small part is reflected. This reflection is evaluated as Return Loss.

This test checks how good enough is the coupling between the UTP cable and the RJ-45 connectors at the cable end.


reflected

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

WIRE MAP

SHIELD CONTINUITY

LENGTH

INSERTION LOSS

NEXT (pair-to-pair)

PS-NEXT Loss

FEXT (pair-to-pair)

PS-FEXT Loss

PROPAGATION DELAY

DELAY SKEW

RETURN LOSS

TIA / EIA TSB-67PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY

PS-ACR

PS-ELFEXT

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

Certified Installer Participation Complete Data about Project Backbone Diagram CAD drawings showing office’s layout Pertinent Connection Schemes List of Materials under Warranty Test Results file (100%)

Documents should be recorded in a CD-ROM and mailed to your NEWMAX Distributor

REQUIREMENTS

NEWMAX®

25-year Limited Warranty

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

NEWMAX®

25-Year materials replacement of defectives 100% existing applications by TIA/EIA 568 based on

CAT

Damage by thirds, poor environmental and humid/dusty conditions void the expressed Limited Warranty

DESCRIPTION

25-year Limited Warranty

Cabling Systems

NEWLINK

newlink technical training cabling systems newlink copyrights 2003 j1

Documents

area cabling systems

newlink usa

message slide

integrated slide

networking slide

j1 slide

isolated slide

demand slide