UPSC CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION

PRELIMS 2019 SPECIAL

LECTURE 32

MCQs – STATIC – GEOGRAPHY

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REVISION FOR IAS EXAM

Natural Vegetation in India

Conceptual Definition

Types of Vegetations in India

Tropical Evergreen & Semi-evergreen

Tropical Dry Deciduous

Tropical moist deciduous

Tropical Thorn Forest

Montane Forests

Littoral and Swamps

Forest Cover

Forest Conservation

Forest Conservation

Social Forestry

Farm Forestry

Wildlife

Wildlife Conservation

NATURAL VEGETATION

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Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow itsindividual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible.

Important to take effective measures in conservation of species. Understand the social aspects of a region (food habits, clothing, livelihood etc). A sound knowledge of the natural vegetation of a region will go a long way in reaping the sustainable

economic benefits. It becomes even more important for a country like India where almost 50 percent of the population is

engaged in the agricultural activities.

WHAT IS IT?

WHY IS NATURAL VEGETATION IMPORTANT?

NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA

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Natural Vegetation in India is mainly understood in terms of the characteristics of different types of forests found in India.

On the basis of certain common features such as predominant vegetation type and climatic regions, Indian forests can be divided into the following groups.

NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA

Tropical Evergreen Forests

Tropical Deciduous Forests

Tropical Thorn Forests

Montane ForestsLittoral and Swamp

Forests

NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA

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TROPICAL EVERGREEN AND SEMI EVERGREEN

Western slope of the Western Ghats Hills of the northeastern region Andaman and Nicobar Islands

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Found in warm and humid areas Annual precipitation of 200 cm + Mean annual temperature 22oC +

Geographical Extent

Temperature And Precipitation

Tropical evergreen forests are well stratifiedforests.

Trees in these forests can reach a height up to60m or above.

There is no definite time for trees to shed theirleaves, flowering or fruition. The trees remaingreen all the year round.

Vegetation Characteristics

Mahogany Rosewood Ebony

Due to their economic value large scaleexploitation of these forests was started by theBritish.

Oaks of Garhwal and Kumaon region wasreplaced by the pine (chir) needed to lay therailway tracks.

Historical Facts

TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS

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Based On The Availability Of Water

MOIST DECIDUOUS FORESTS DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS

Geographical Distribution: North-eastern states (along the

foot hills of Himalayas) Eastern slopes of Western Ghats OdishaTemperature and Precipitation: Rainfall between 100-200cm Mean annual temperature is

around 27oCVegetation: Teak Sal Sandalwood etc.

Geographical Distribution: Rainier areas Peninsula Plains of Uttar Pradesh and BiharTemperature and Precipitation: Rainfall between 70 – 100cm Mean Annual Temperature is

between 25-30oCVegetation: Tendu Palas Amaltas Bel Khair etc.

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Certain species of deciduous trees can each a height of 20m. In the higher rainfall regions of the Peninsular plateau and the northern Indian plain, these forests have a

parkland landscape. Such a landscape is characterized by open stretches in which teak and other trees interspersed with patches of

grass are common. As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland

with naked trees all around. On the wetter margins, a transition to tropical semi evergreen forests is evident, while on the drier margins a

transition to the tropical thorn forests is evident.

VEGETATION CHARACTERISITICS

TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS

Semi-arid areas of: South-west Punjab Haryana Rajasthan Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Western Andhra Pradesh

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Annual precipitation less than 50 cm Mean annual temperature 25-30oC

Geographical Extent

Temperature And Precipitation

The vegetation consists of a variety of grassesand shrubs.

Plants remain leafless for most part of the yearand give and expression of scrub vegetation.

Tussock grass can grow up to a height of 2mas the undergrowth.

Popular Species found are: Neem Babul Cactii

Vegetation Characteristics

TROPICAL THORN FORESTS

NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA

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IAS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION

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ELIMINATION

Map Memorization

Q. Consider the following statements about Tropical Evergreen Forests and identify the correct

ones:

1. They experience an annual rainfall of more than 200mm.

2. They are prominent on the eastern slope of the Western Ghats.

3. Ebony, Mahogany, Sal and Shisham are some of the important vegetaion in these forests.

Select the correct code:

a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) 2 and 3 Only

d) None is correct

Answer : d

QUESTION 1

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Q. Match the following:

Select the correct code:

a) 1-A; 2-C; 3-B

b) 1-C; 2-B; 3-A

c) 1-B; 2-C; 3-A

d) 1-A; 2-B; 3-C

Answer : c

QUESTION 2

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S.No. Vegetation

1. A-Littoral and Swamp

2. B-Tropical Thorn Forest

3. C-Tropical Deciduous Forest

Q. Which of the following are correctly matched?

Select the correct code:

a) A-1; B-4; C-3; D-2

b) A-4; B-1; C-3; D-2

c) A-4; B-1; C-2; D-3

d) A-1; B-4; C-2; D-3

Answer : c

QUESTION 3

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States Prominent Vegetation

A- Rajasthan 1 – Tropical Dry Deciduous

B- Maharashtra 2 – Tropical Evergreen and semi evergreen forests

C- Kerala 3 – Alpine Forest

D- Kashmir 4 – Tropical Thorn Forest

Q. Consider the following statements regarding the natural vegetation of a region:

1. It is found in warm and humid areas with annual precipitation of more than 200cm.

2. It consists of well stratified forests.

3. It is quite prominent on the western slope of the Western Ghats and hills of north eastern region.

The statements are referring to which of the following?

a) Tropical moist deciduous forest

b) Alpine Forest

c) Tropical Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests

d) None of the above are correct

Answer : c

QUESTION 4

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Q. Maharashtra has been in news a lot due to various reasons. Which of the following

statement/s about Maharashtra is/are correct?

1) It has maximum number of world heritage sites in India.

2) It is the first state in India to enact a bill to protect journalists.

3) Since western Ghats run through Maharashtra, the state has a predominance of tropical evergreen

vegetation .

Select the correct code:

a) 1 and 2 Only

b) 2 and 3 Only

c) 1 and 3 Only

d) All statements are correct

Answer : a

QUESTION 5

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